Otto Fabricius

Danish missionary and scientist

Otto Fabricius (6 March 1744 – 20 May 1822) was a Danish missionary, naturalist, ethnographer, and explorer of Greenland.^[1]^[2]

Biography

Otto Fabricius was born in Rudkøbing on the island of Langeland, Denmark, where his father was a rector. In his youth, he was educated largely at home by tutors. In 1762, he was matriculated at the University of Copenhagen. In 1765, he was admitted to the Greenland Mission Seminary (Seminarium Groenlandicum), where he attended classes taught by Poul Egede. In 1768 he graduated with a degree in divinity.^[3]

He was sent as a missionary to the southwestern coast of Greenland from 1768 to 1773. During this period, he made enormous amounts of observations and collections. His laboratory was an Inuit house made of turf. His only artificial light was an oil lamp. He had a few magnifying glasses and only one book was in his library, Linnaei Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus. Nevertheless, he made enough zoological observation to be able to publish Fauna Groenlandica (1780), which was written in Latin, after his return to Denmark. Here, he described 473 animal species, primarily marine, 130 of which were proposed as new to science. Detailed descriptions are given, including information on habitat and behaviour, the vernacular Inuit name, what use the Inuit make of the animal and not least how they caught or trapped it.^[4]^[5]

In 1774, he was appointed rector at Drangedal in Telemark, Norway where he stayed until 1779 while he completed work for a Greenlandic language dictionary which was published in 1804. In 1789, he succeeded Poul Egede to become a lecturer in the Greenland Mission Seminary. In 1818, he was appointed an Honorary Bishop of the Church of Denmark and awarded a Doctorate of Divinity.^[6]

Fauna Groenlandica

Fauna Groenlandica by Othonis Fabricii (1780) was published in Latin by Göttingen Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hafniae; Lipsiae Rothe. Scan
Sections on mammals and birds translated from Latin into Danish by O. Helms (1929): Otto Fabricius, Fauna Groenlandica, Pattedyr og Fugle, Det Grønlandske Selskabs Skrifter ^[7]
The life of Bishop Otto Fabricius is reviewed and the section on seals translated and commented on by Finn O. Kapel (2005): Otto Fabricius and the seals of Greenland. MoG Bioscience.

References

^ Otto Fabricius (Store norske leksikon)
^ Otto Fabricius (Den Store Danske)
^ Otto Fabricius, dansk zoolog och språkman, präst (Ggravsted.DK)
^ Fabricius, Otto (1744-1822) (Megatherium Society)
^ Otto Hansen Fabricius (Faaborg-slægten)
^ Otto Fabricius (Trustees of Dartmouth College)
^ Fauna groenlandica. Pattedyr og Fugle. Oversat og forsynet med Indledning og Kommentarer af O. Helms (Aabenhus Aarhus Antikvariat)

Other sources

Jensen, A.S. (1932) Otto Fabricius, pp. 72–75 in: Meisen, V. Prominent Danish Scientists through the Ages (Copenhagen: Levin & Munksgaard)
Kapel, Finn O. (2005) Otto Fabricius and the seals of Greenland (Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press) ISBN 87-90369-77-7