Outline of Canada

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Canada:

Canada (/ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean.^[1] It is the world's second largest country by total area, and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest, and marine borders with France and Greenland on the east and northeast, respectively.

The lands have been inhabited for millennia by various groups of aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.^[2][3][4] This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.

Canada is a federation that is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with King Charles III as its head of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has a long and complex relationship.

General reference

• Pronunciation /ˈkænədə/
• Common English country name: Canada
• Official English country name: Canada
• Common endonym: Canada
• Official endonym: Canada
• Adjectival: Canadian, Canada
• Demonym: Canadian (Fr. canadien)
• Etymology: Name of Canada
• Official languages : English, French
• ISO country codes: CA, CAN, 124
• ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:CA
• Internet country code top-level domain: .ca
• International rankings of Canada

Geography

Geography of Canada

• Canada is...
  • a country
    • a nation state
    • a Commonwealth Realm
    • a federation
    • a member state of NATO
• Location:
  • Northern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere
    • Americas
      • North America
        • Northern America
  • Time zones (Time in Canada):
    • Newfoundland Standard Time (UTC-03:30), Newfoundland Daylight Time (UTC-02:30)
    • Atlantic Standard Time (UTC-04), Atlantic Daylight Time (UTC-03)
    • Eastern Standard Time (UTC-05), Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-04)
    • Central Standard Time (UTC-06), Central Daylight Time (UTC-05)
    • Mountain Standard Time (UTC-07), Mountain Daylight Time (UTC-06)
    • Pacific Standard Time (UTC-08), Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-07)
  • Extreme points of Canada
    • North: Cape Columbia, Nunavut - (83°08' N, 74°13'W)
    • South: Middle Island, Ontario - (41°41'N, 82°40'W)
    • East: Cape Spear, Newfoundland - (47°31'N, 52°37'W)
    • West: Yukon-Alaska border - (141°00'W)
    • High: Mount Logan, Yukon 5,959 m (19,551 ft)
    • Low: North Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and North Pacific Ocean 0 m
  • Land boundaries:

 United States 8,893 km (5,526 miles)^[5]

 Greenland 1,280 m (4,200 feet) (on Hans Island)

• • Coastline: 202,080 km (125,570 miles)^[6]
• Population of Canada: 36,991,981 people (2021 Census^[7]) - 37th most populous country
• Area of Canada: 9,984,670 km² (3,855,100 square miles) - 2nd most extensive country
• Atlas of Canada

Environment

Environment of Canada

• Climate of Canada
• Environmental issues in Canada
  • Fires in Canada
• Ecoregions in Canada
• Renewable energy in Canada
• Geology of Canada
  • Earthquakes in Canada
• National parks of Canada
• Protected areas of Canada
• Wildlife of Canada
  • Flora of Canada
  • Fauna of Canada
    • Birds of Canada
    • Mammals of Canada

Geographic features

• Canadian Arctic
• Fjords of Canada
• Glaciers of Canada
• Islands of Canada
• Lakes of Canada
  • Great Lakes

• Mountain peaks of Canada
  • The 100 Highest mountain peaks of Canada
  • The 142 Most prominent mountain peaks of Canada
  • The 100 Most isolated mountain peaks of Canada
  • Appalachian Mountains
  • Pacific Cordillera
  • Rocky Mountains
  • Volcanoes of Canada
• Prairies of Canada
• Rivers of Canada
  • Waterfalls of Canada
• Valleys of Canada
• World Heritage Sites in Canada
• Other
  • Canadian Shield
  • St. Lawrence Lowlands
  • List of National Historic Sites of Canada

Regions

• Northern Canada (The North)
• Western Canada
  • Prairies
• Eastern Canada
  • Central Canada
  • Atlantic Canada
    • Maritimes

Other regions

• English Canada, sometimes known as the Rest of Canada (excluding Quebec) when considering topics of language
• French Canada
• Acadia
• Quebec-Windsor Corridor

Ecoregions

Provinces and territories

Provinces and territories of Canada

Provinces

Province, with flag	Postal abbreviation/ ISO code	Other abbreviations	Capital	Entered Confederation	Population (2016)[8]	Area (km2)
						Land	Water	Total
Ontario1	ON	Ont.	Toronto	July 1, 1867	13,448,494	917,741	158,654	1,076,395
Quebec1	QC	Que., PQ, P.Q.	Quebec City		8,164,361	1,356,128	185,928	1,542,056
Nova Scotia2	NS	N.S.	Halifax		923,598	53,338	1,946	55,284
New Brunswick2	NB	N.B.	Fredericton		747,101	71,450	1,458	72,908
Manitoba3	MB	Man.	Winnipeg	July 15, 1870	1,278,365	553,556	94,241	647,797
British Columbia2	BC	B.C.	Victoria	July 20, 1871	4,648,055	925,186	19,549	944,735
Prince Edward Island2	PE	PEI, P.E.I., P.E. Island	Charlottetown	July 1, 1873	142,907	5,660	—	5,660
Saskatchewan4	SK	Sask., SK, SKWN	Regina	September 1, 1905	1,098,352	591,670	59,366	651,036
Alberta4	AB	Alta.	Edmonton		4,067,175	642,317	19,531	661,848
Newfoundland and Labrador5	NL	Nfld., NF, LB	St. John's	March 31, 1949	519,716	373,872	31,340	405,212

Notes:

Territories

There are currently three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and only have those powers delegated to them by the federal government.

Territory, with flag	Postal abbreviation/ ISO code	Other abbreviations	Capital	Entered Confederation	Population (2007)[8]	Area (km2)
						Land	Water	Total
Northwest Territories	NT	N.W.T., NWT	Yellowknife	July 15, 1870	41,786	1,183,085	163,021	1,346,106
Yukon	YT	Y.T., YK	Whitehorse	June 13, 1898	35,874	474,391	8,052	482,443
Nunavut	NU	NV	Iqaluit	April 1, 1999	35,944	1,936,113	157,077	2,093,190

Note: Canada did not acquire any new land to create Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Nunavut. All of these originally formed part of Northwest Territories.

Municipalities

Municipalities of Canada

• Cities of Canada
  • Capital of Canada: Ottawa

Demography

Demography of Canada

• Canadians
• Immigration to Canada
• Aboriginal peoples in Canada

Demographics by political division

Provinces

Territories

• Demographics of Northwest Territories
• Demographics of Nunavut
• Demographics of the Yukon

Government and politics

Politics of Canada
Government (structure)
The Crown Monarch (list): Charles III Governor General (list): Mary Simon Monarchy in the provinces Lieutenant governors Royal prerogative
Executive (King-in-Council) King’s Privy Council Prime minister (List of prime ministers): Justin Trudeau Cabinet (List of Canadian ministries): 29th Canadian Ministry President of the Privy Council Clerk of the Privy Council Privy Council Office Public Service Provincial and territorial executive councils Premiers
Legislative (King-in-Parliament) Federal parliament (List of parliaments) Senate Speaker of the Senate Government Leader in the Senate Opposition Leader in the Senate Senate divisions House of Commons Speaker of the house Government Leader in the house Opposition Leader in the house His Majesty's Loyal Opposition Leader of the Opposition Shadow cabinet Provincial and territorial parliaments
Judicial (King-on-the-Bench) Supreme court (List of justices) Chief Justice of Canada: Richard Wagner Courts of the Provinces and Territories Federal courts Military courts Constitution British North America Acts Peace, order, and good government Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Elections Federal electoral districts Federal electoral system (List of federal elections) Provincial electoral districts Politics of the provinces
Local government Municipal government
Foreign relations Global Affairs Canada Minister: Mélanie Joly Diplomatic missions of / in Canada Nationality law Passport Visa requirements Visa policy Canada–Latin America relations Canada–European Union relations Proposed annexation of Turks and Caicos Islands
Crown and Indigenous peoples Canadian Aboriginal law Aboriginal self-government First Nations bands Indigenous law Indigenous Peoples in Canada Métis Inuit Nunangat
Related topics Conservatism Constitutional law Federalism Liberalism Office-holders Political culture Provinces and territories Regions Republicanism
Canada portal  Politics portal Other countries
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Politics of Canada

• Form of government: constitutional monarchy and democratic parliamentary federation
• Capital of Canada: Ottawa
• Provinces and territories of Canada
• Canadian and American politics compared
• Canadian and Australian politics compared
• Canadian Conservatism
• List of Canadian federal general elections
• Canadian Nationalism
• Elections in Canada
  • Electoral ridings
  • Electoral system
  • List of elections
• Federalism in Canada
• Human rights in Canada
• Liberalism in Canada
• Political culture of Canada
• Political parties in Canada
• Political scandals of Canada
• Progressivism in Canada
• Socialism and Social Democracy in Canada
• Taxation in Canada

Branches of the government

Politics of Canada

Executive branch of the government

Monarchy of Canada
This article is part of a series
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• Head of state: Charles III, King of Canada
  • Governor General of Canada, the King's representative: Mary Simon
    • King's Privy Council for Canada
      • Prime Minister (Justin Trudeau)
      • Cabinet (Twenty-Eighth Ministry)
      • Ministries
      • President of the King's Privy Council
      • Privy Council Office
      • Clerk of the Privy Council

Government of Canada

• Head of government: Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada
  • Cabinet of Canada (Majority government)

Legislative branch of the government

• Parliament of Canada
  • The King
  • Senate of Canada
    • Speaker of the Senate of Canada
  • House of Commons of Canada
    • Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada

Judicial branch of the government

Court system of Canada

Supreme Court of Canada
The Court
Supreme Court Act History Process List of cases
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Chief Justice of Canada Richard Wagner Puisne justices Andromache Karakatsanis Suzanne Côté Malcolm Rowe Sheilah Martin Nicholas Kasirer Mahmud Jamal Michelle O'Bonsawin Mary Moreau
All members
List of chief justices List of all justices by court by seat
Related
Court system of Canada Judicial appointments in Canada
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• Supreme Court of Canada
• Appellate Courts of the provinces and territories
  • Alberta Court of Appeal
  • British Columbia Court of Appeal
  • Manitoba Court of Appeal
  • New Brunswick Court of Appeal
  • Court of Appeal of Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories
  • Nova Scotia Court of Appeal
  • Nunavut Court of Appeal
  • Court of Appeal for Ontario
  • Court of Appeal of Prince Edward Island
  • Quebec Court of Appeal
  • Saskatchewan Court of Appeal
  • Court of Appeal of the Yukon Territory
• Superior-level trial courts of the provinces and territories
  • Court of King's Bench of Alberta
  • Supreme Court of British Columbia
  • Court of King's Bench of Manitoba
  • Court of King's Bench of New Brunswick
  • Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories
  • Supreme Court of Nova Scotia
  • Nunavut Court of Justice
  • Ontario Superior Court of Justice
  • Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island
  • Quebec Superior Court
  • Court of King's Bench for Saskatchewan
  • Supreme Court of the Yukon Territory

Foreign relations

Foreign relations of Canada

• Canadian peacekeeping

International organization membership

Canada is a member of:^[1]

Legal system

Part of a series on
Canadian law
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Law of Canada

• Canadian Aboriginal law
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• Canadian corporation
• Crime in Canada
• Canadian family law
• Criminal law of Canada
  • Criminal Code
• Law enforcement in Canada
  • List of law enforcement agencies in Canada

Military

Military of Canada

Part of a series on the
Military history of Canada
Military history of...
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Conflicts
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• Command structure
  • Commander-in-chief: Governor General of Canada (nominally, see also The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Forces)
  • Prime Minister of Canada (de facto Commander-in-chief)
    • Minister of National Defence
      • Chief of the Defence Staff
        • Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), command of the Navy;
        • Canadian Army (CA) command of the Army;
        • Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), command of the Air Force.
        • Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC), responsible for all operations except special forces;
        • Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM), responsible for special forces operations within Canada and abroad.
• Canadian Forces
  • Army: Canadian Army
  • Navy: Royal Canadian Navy
  • Air force: Royal Canadian Air Force
  • Special forces: Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
  • Military reserve force: Canadian Forces reserve force
    • Canadian Forces Primary Reserve
    • Canadian Forces Supplementary Reserve
    • Canadian Rangers
    • Cadet Instructors Cadre
• Canadian Coast Guard

Provincial governments

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• Government of the Northwest Territories
• Government of Nunavut
• Government of the Yukon

Politics by political division

Provinces

Territories

• Politics of Northwest Territories
• Politics of Nunavut
• Politics of the Yukon

History

Part of a series on the
History of Canada
Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe
Timeline (list)
Pre-colonization 1534–1763 1764–1867 1867–1914 1914–1945 1945–1960 1960–1981 1982–present
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By provinces and territories
Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Nunavut Northwest Territories Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon
Cities
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• Former Colonies and Territories in Canada
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• History of monarchy in Canada
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• Territorial evolution of Canada (1867–present)

History of Canada by period

• Pre-Columbian era (Canada)
• 1534–1763: New France
• 1764-1867: Canada under British Imperial Control
• 1867–1914: Post-Confederation Canada
• 1914–1945: Canada in the World Wars and Interwar Years
• 1945–1960
• 1960–1981
• 1982–1992
• 1992–present

History of Canada by political division

Provinces

Territories

• History of Nunavut
• History of the Northwest Territories
• History of the Yukon

Culture

Part of a series on the
Culture of Canada
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Culture of Canada

• Age and internet use in Canada
• Alcoholic beverages in Canada
• Architecture of Canada
  • Gothic Revival architecture in Canada
  • Oldest buildings in Canada
• Cuisine of Canada
  • Supermarket Chains in Canada
• Decorations and medals of Canada (in order of precedence)
• Festivals in Canada
• Humour in Canada
• Languages of Canada
  • Canadian Aboriginal syllabics
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• Media in Canada
• Symbols of Canada
  • National symbols of Canada
    • Coat of arms of Canada
    • Flag of Canada
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• Canadians
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  • Ethnic groups in Canada
    • History of immigration to Canada
• Prostitution in Canada
• Public holidays in Canada
• World Heritage Sites in Canada

Culture by political division

Provinces

• Culture of Alberta
• Culture of British Columbia
  • Culture of Vancouver (city)
• Culture of Manitoba
• Culture of New Brunswick

• Culture of Nova Scotia
• Culture of Ontario
  • Culture of Hamilton, Ontario (city)
  • Culture of Toronto (city)
• Culture of Prince Edward Island
• Culture of Quebec
  • Culture of Montreal (city)
• Culture of Saskatchewan

Territories

• Culture of Northwest Territories
• Culture of Nunavut
• Culture of the Yukon

Art in Canada

• Art in Canada
  • Canadian Artists
  • Museums in Alberta
  • Museums in British Columbia
  • Museums in Manitoba
  • Museums in New Brunswick
  • Museums in Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Museums in Ontario
  • Museums in Quebec
  • Museums in Saskatchewan
• Cinema of Canada
  • Canadian Film Awards
• Canadian comics
  • Central Canada Comic Con
• Literature of Canada
  • Canadian writers
• Television in Canada
• Theatre of Canada
  • Canadian playwrights

Music

Music of Canada
Genres
Blues classical country Eurodance grime hip hop jazz punk rock Latin subgenres
Specific forms
Ethnic music Overview Aboriginal Blackfeet Dene Innu Inuit Iroquois Kwakwaka'wakw Métis Celtic French Instrumental repertoires Canadian fiddle
Media and performance
Music awards Junos Polaris Félixes Hall of Fame ECMAs Atlantis WCMAs CASBYs CRMAs CCMAs MMVAs CUMAs CFMAs Music charts Canadian Hot 100 Singles Chart (Jam!) Chart Attack Exclaim! CBC Music Top 20 Music festivals Many notables Canadian Music Week Quebec City Summer Festival Montreal International Jazz Festival Les FrancoFolies de Montréal Ottawa Bluesfest Big Valley Jamboree Celtic Colours Havelock Country Jamboree Cavendish Beach Music Festival Music media 6ixBuzz Print media La Scena Musicale CM ChartAttack Exclaim! The Record RPM The Coast HipHopCanada Music television ATN B4U Music aux.tv bpm:tv CMT MuchLoud MuchMore MuchMoreRetro MuchMusic MuchVibe MusiMax MusiquePlus PunchMuch
Nationalistic and patriotic songs
National anthem "O Canada" Other Anthems and nationalistic
Regional music
Ontario Quebec British Columbia Prairie Provinces AB SK MB Newfoundland and Labrador Maritime Provinces NB PEI NS Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut
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Music of Canada

• Canadian blues
• Canadian classical music
• Canadian hip hop
• Canadian Idol
• Canadian rock
• Caribbean music in Canada
• Music of Canadian cultures

Music by political division

Provinces

• Music of Alberta
• Music of British Columbia
  • Music of Vancouver (city)
• Music of Manitoba
• Music of New Brunswick
• Music of Newfoundland and Labrador
• Music of Nova Scotia
• Music of Ontario
  • Music of Toronto (city)
• Music of Prince Edward Island
• Music of Quebec
  • Music of Montreal (city)
• Music of Saskatchewan

Territories

• Music of Northwest Territories
• Music of Nunavut
• Music of the Yukon

Religion in Canada

• Religion in Canada
  • Buddhism in Canada
  • Christianity in Canada
    • Roman Catholicism in Canada
  • Hinduism in Canada
  • Islam in Canada
  • Judaism in Canada
  • Sikhism in Canada
• Irreligion in Canada

Sport in Canada

Sport in Canada Official Sports

• Ice hockey
• Lacrosse

Other sports

• Canadian football
• Canada at the Olympics
• Canada Rugby League
• Canadian Curling Association
• Canadian Figure Skating
• Association Football (Soccer) in Canada
• Cross Country Skiing
• Snowboarding in Canada

Hall of Fame Museums

• Hockey Hall of Fame
• Canadian Curling Hall of Fame
• Skate Canada Hall of Fame
• Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame

Economy and infrastructure

Economy of Canada

Part of a series on the
Economy of Canada
Economic history of Canada
Banking history Petroleum history Energy policy of Canada Canadian dollar
Sectors
Primary sector Agriculture Energy Petroleum Electricity Mining Fishing Forestry Secondary sector Automotives Tertiary sector Social programs Transport Tourism Finance Central Bank Banking in Canada Stock exchanges Companies Companies listed on the TSX
Economy by province
Alberta Ontario Quebec Saskatchewan more...
Economy by city
Montreal Toronto Vancouver more...
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• Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 9th (ninth)
• Agriculture in Canada
• Banking in Canada
  • Banks in Canada
    • National Bank of Canada
• Communications in Canada
  • Internet in Canada
• Companies of Canada
• List of convention and exhibition centres
• Currency of Canada: Dollar
  • ISO 4217: CAD
• Economic history of Canada
• Energy in Canada
  • Geothermal power in Canada
• Health care in Canada
  • Emergency medical services in Canada
• Mining in Canada
• Science and technology in Canada
• Stock exchanges:

• CNQ
• Nasdaq Canada
• Toronto Stock Exchange, S&P/TSX 60 is the main index of TSX
• TSX Venture Exchange
• Winnipeg Commodity Exchange
• Montreal Exchange

• Tourism in Canada
  • Niagara Falls
• Transport in Canada
  • Airports in Canada
  • Rail transport in Canada
  • Roads in Canada
• Water supply and sanitation in Canada

Economics by political division

Provinces

• Economy of Alberta
• Economy of British Columbia
  • Economy of Vancouver (city)
• Economy of Manitoba
• Economy of New Brunswick
• Economy of Newfoundland and Labrador
• Economy of Nova Scotia
• Economy of Ontario
  • Economy of Toronto (city)
• Economy of Prince Edward Island
• Economy of Quebec
  • Demographic history of Quebec
  • Economy of Montreal (city)
• Economy of Saskatchewan

Territories

• Economy of Northwest Territories
• Economy of Nunavut
• Economy of the Yukon

Education in Canada

Education by political division

Provinces

Territories

• Education in Northwest Territories
• Education in Nunavut
• Education in the Yukon

Higher Education by political division

Provinces

Territories

• Higher education in Northwest Territories
• Higher education in Nunavut
• Higher education in the Yukon

Bibliographies

• Bibliography of Canada
  • Bibliography of Canadian history
    • Bibliography of Canadian military history
      • Bibliography of the 1837-1838 insurrections in Lower Canada
      • List of books about the War of 1812
• Bibliography of Canadian provinces and territories
  • Bibliography of Alberta history
  • Bibliography of British Columbia
  • Bibliography of New Brunswick
  • Bibliography of Nova Scotia
  • Bibliography of Ontario
  • Bibliography of Saskatchewan history
• List of books about prime ministers of Canada

See also

Canada

• All pages with titles beginning with Canada
• All pages with titles beginning with Canadian
• All pages with titles containing Canada
• All pages with titles containing Canadian
• List of international rankings
• Member state of the Commonwealth of Nations
• Member state of the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors
• Member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Member state of the United Nations
• Metrication in Canada

References

External links

• Wikimedia Canada
• Wikimedia Atlas of Canada

Government

• Official website of the Government of Canada
• Official website of the Prime Minister of Canada
• Official website of the Governor General of Canada
• Official website of the Canadian Forces
• Official Government of Canada online Atlas of Canada
• Canada and the United Nations

Crown corporations

• Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
• Canada Post
• Canadian Tourism Commission

Other

• Culture.ca — Canada's Cultural Gateway
• Culturescope.ca — Canadian Cultural Observatory
• Canadian Studies: A Guide to the Sources
• Statistics Canada with Canada's population clock
• The Canadian Atlas Online
• Canada. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
• UN Human Development Program: Country Fact Sheet: Canada (link broken), Statistics — Country Sheet: Canada
• Canada travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Canada from The Canadian Encyclopedia