Overmyer Network
American television network (May 1967)
Television channel
- Oliver Treyz (president)
- Lewis Marcy (executive VP)
- Jack McGlothin (chairman of the board)
The United Network, known prior to launch as the Overmyer Network, was a short lived attempt at a fourth television network in the United States that operated through the month of May 1967. Founded by Daniel H. Overmyer, a Toledo, Ohio, warehouse chain operator and television station owner, majority control of the network was sold by Overmyer to a 14-person syndicate weeks before it launched, resulting in the name change to the United Network.
Despite lofty plans outlined by network president Oliver Treyz, United's lone offering was The Las Vegas Show, a late-night talk show hosted by comedian Bill Dana. This program was successfully cleared in a majority of the nation's television markets; many United affiliates had existing primary affiliations with a Big Three network. Significant financial losses, poor timing, and a lack of overall advertising support prompted the network to shut down after only one month of operations.
Formation
A second-generation warehouse owner, Daniel H. Overmyer had entered prominence in the field, owning and operating up to 260 buildings in 55 cities nationwide by 1965.[1] By 1966, Overmyer successfully built and signed on WDHO-TV in Toledo, Ohio,[2] owned the Toledo Monitor, a weekly tabloid paper,[3] and founded Progress National Bank;[4] he also secured construction permits for six additional ultra high frequency (UHF) stations across the country, joining existing UHF station WDHO.[5][6]
The creation of the Overmyer Network was announced on July 12, 1966, with former ABC president Oliver Treyz hired as network president. In addition to Overmyer's planned UHF outlets serving as owned-and-operated stations, New York City station WPIX-TV, owned by Tribune Broadcasting, was signed up as the planned flagship.[7] Los Angeles station KHJ-TV, owned by RKO General, was announced as the lead station for the West Coast;[8] had KHJ-TV not signed, KBSA (channel 46), a station that had yet to sign on the air,[a] would have been designated as West Coast flagship.[10] The Overmyer Network, abbreviated "ON" with the slogan, "Turn ON",[4] was regarded as the first credible attempt at forming a fourth national network to join ABC, NBC and CBS since ABC's formal reorganization in 1953.[11]
Treyz envisioned the Overmyer Network supplying up to eight straight hours of evening programming to affiliates, including a prime time block devoted to different genres every night,[4] two hours of newscasts supplied by United Press International, and a late-night talk show originating from Las Vegas, Nevada.[7] Cultural and sports programming including Tales from the Great Book (an animated Bible series) and regional games of the Continental Football League were also planned,[12] as was professional soccer.[8][13] By July 1966, 35 stations agreed to affiliate with the new network;[14] this grew by October to 100 stations, 75 of which already agreed to carry the late-night show.[8] The number of planned affiliates increased to 123 by December, including 24 of the largest 25 markets.[15] Many of these new affiliates were existing CBS affiliates; after Overmyer Network made the late-night show a priority, CBS declined to launch a late-night show of their own.[11]
Launching with a name change
Overmyer encountered numerous financial difficulties in late 1966, attributed largely to an overexpansion of his warehouse company. Construction of his warehouses was briefly halted after the lead contractor encountered financial distress, owing $18 million to shareholders;[16] in response, Overmyer agreed to guarantee the contractor's $5–6 million debt.[17] Overmyer also employed a large financial development staff that traveled across the country, resulting in substantial travel expenses and monthly airfare totaling $80,000 a month.[16] Consequently, construction of the other UHF stations was delayed, with only the San Francisco (KEMO-TV) and Cincinnati (WSCO-TV) permits having any tangible progress to speak of.[18][19] Overmyer sold off 80 percent majority control of these unfinished construction permits to American Viscose Corporation in exchange for a $3 million loan.[20][21]
As March 1967 began, Overmyer announced the sale of 80 percent majority control in the network to a 14-person syndicate led by three stockholders in the Mutual Broadcasting System: Jack McGlothlin, a Texas oil operator; Willard Garvey, a grain dealer, an oil investor and land developer; and James Nichols, a Texas advertising and public-relations executive. No money changed hands.[22] Overmyer had earlier proposed a merger of the Overmyer Network to the Mutual board as a way to help finance production of the new late-night show until advertising revenue became more available.[23] While the Mutual board rejected the idea, McGlothlin, Garvey and Nichols, were receptive and formed the syndicate. As part of the deal, the Overmyer Network was renamed the United Network and now had a launch date of May 1, 1967. Broadcasting called the transaction "a rescue mission ... [that] has saved the fourth television network from death in the womb."[22] Overmyer also relinquished any managerial role or board seats with the network.[24]
Rechristened the United Network, the new network signed on the air on May 1, 1967, with The Las Vegas Show on 106 stations.[25] Hosted by comedian Bill Dana from the Hotel Hacienda, the show featured regulars Ann Elder, Pete Barbutti, Danny Meahan, Joanne Worley, Cully Richards and Jack Sheldon, and aspired for a younger audience than NBC's The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. The Las Vegas Show also debuted two weeks after ABC launched The Joey Bishop Show.[26] As the network was made up mostly of existing Big Three affiliates, The Las Vegas Show aired in tape delay in most markets; some NBC affiliates delayed the show to the late afternoon[27] or aired it after Tonight.[28] WPIX's airtime varied and was often delayed due to their commitment to New York Yankees baseball.[29] The network also lacked clearance in some large cities, including San Francisco, which was waiting for KEMO-TV to sign on.[30] The average viewership for The Las Vegas Show was 2.6 million,[31] a respectable number given the varied airtimes among the stations and competition against Tonight, Joey Bishop and The Merv Griffin Show.[32]
Closure
At least I set a record. I'm the first man in history to sink an entire network.
Bill Dana, host of The Las Vegas Show, after the shutdown of the United Network[31]
Despite the hype, the United Network quickly started to bleed money; the transmission lines leased from AT&T—the main carrier for television network transmissions—proved to be too expensive with a $400,000 advance fee per month.[32] United also launched at the end of the traditional television season,[33] which was also the last quarter for traditional advertising budget cycles, limiting the ability for blue-chip companies to become clients for the network, although companies like Colgate-Palmolive, General Mills and General Foods did emerge as advertisers.[31] During the last days of operation, network president Oliver Treyz made an on-air appeal to potential sponsors, pointing out that air time on The Las Vegas Show was a mere $6,000 a minute, barely a third of what NBC was charging for The Tonight Show.[33][24]
After the network launched, Overmyer sold his nominal 20 percent stake back to the syndicate for $240,000 cash and a $115,000 promissory note.[24] Two weeks into the network's operations, several members of the syndicate declined to have any further involvement with United, further burdening the remaining stockholders.[32] H. L. Hunt and Howard Hughes were both approached as investors, but both rejected their respective offers.[24] The United Network's executive board voted to cease operations on Thursday, June 1, 1967, forcing affiliates to find replacement programming that same evening, some with only a few hours notice.[24][b] The Las Vegas Show was concurrently cancelled after only 23 telecasts.[33] Financial losses for the network's investors totaled $2.2 million (equivalent to $20.1 million in 2023)[32] from a starting capital of $10 million.[34] Overmyer said after the shutdown, "I am sorry. I still think a fourth network is necessary and maybe a fifth as time goes by."[35]
A notice was sent to the network's 107 affiliate stations on June 1, 1967, which stated:[35]
The executive committee of our board of directors, instructed me to inform you that with deep regret we are obliged to advise you that the United Network ceased its interconnected program operations as of May 31, 1967.
Please be advised that the United Network staff has done everything possible in connection without [sic] efforts to plan and launch the Las Vegas program and other United Network endeavors.
Station co-operation has been magnificent. We are indeed indebted to you for all your help. Regretfully, Oliver Treyz.
Bill Dana expressed criticism over the network's management and finances, telling an Associated Press reporter, "this appears to be the definite case of 'the operation was a success, but the patient died'. I can only ascribe the failure of the enterprise to the consummate naivete on the part of the backers. The whole thing went against all principles of sound fiscal policy. Even if you open a candy store, you should have enough capitalization to last more than three or four weeks."[31]
The United Network filed for bankruptcy on June 22, 1967, having accrued a debt of $690,000. Creditors included Chase Manhattan Bank, Texas Bank and Trust, Overmyer Network and Productions, and Bill Dana.[36] Despite this, the network still expressed hope of resuming operations "within two months" and claimed to have merely ceased airing programming while undergoing a reorganization.[25] Lewron Television, a production company that provided mobile television facilities, sued both United and Overmyer for $117,000 in unpaid rental bills; Overmyer was included because of his past status as a minority owner.[37][38]
In a February 1969 column on recent attempts at a fourth television network (including DuMont, NTA and a Pat Weaver effort), Newspaper Enterprise Association media critic Joan Crosby deemed United "the latest, and most noteworthy fiasco ... that barely lasted long enough for the first commercial". Industry spokesmen described United to Crosby as "a promotion stunt" and "a fraud".[34] Homer Brickey of the Toledo Blade later called the network "a victim of the Overmyer cash crunch" and claimed Treyz "slid into oblivion and reportedly became a bum on the streets of New York City."[4]
Affiliate stations
A two-page advertisement published on the April 3, 1967, issue of Broadcasting magazine listed all the planned affiliates for the United Network.[39] In some markets, a different station was the affiliate due to the planned station not yet signing on. Overmyer's KEMO-TV (channel 20) was listed as an affiliate, but it was not on air until April 1, 1968.[40] As a result, The Las Vegas Show did not air in San Francisco.[30]
Some listed affiliates[39] did not carry the show:
- KRNT-TV (channel 8, CBS), Des Moines, Iowa[50]
- WWTV (channel 9, CBS), Cadillac, Michigan, and satellite WWUP in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan[51]
- KTTS-TV (channel 10, CBS), Springfield, Missouri[52]
- KTXL (channel 40), Sacramento, California; signed on October 26, 1968[53]
- WBTW (channel 13, CBS), Florence, South Carolina[54]
- WISC-TV (channel 3, CBS), Madison, Wisconsin[55]
- WOAY-TV (channel 4, ABC), Oak Hill, West Virginia[56]
- WTVK (channel 26, ABC), Knoxville, Tennessee; could not use ABC network lines to receive the program once Joey Bishop was scheduled as its competition[57]
Notes
- ^ KBSA did not sign on the air until August 16, 1972.[9]
- ^ Producers for The Las Vegas Show told the Associated Press two additional installments had been taped in advance prior to the shutdown, but it is unlikely those shows ever aired.[33]
- ^ WKAB-TV (channel 32, ABC) was announced as the Montgomery, Alabama, affiliate in the April 3, 1967, list.[39]
- ^ Including satellites KREY (Montrose) and KREZ (Durango).
- ^ WWOM-TV (channel 26, independent) was announced as the New Orleans affiliate in the April 3, 1967, list.[39] It was not on air until October 14 of that year.[43]
- ^ Could not carry all of the show because of Daylight Saving Time–related issues.[44] The state legislature had just moved to exempt Michigan from DST.[45]
- ^ KPLR-TV (channel 11, independent) was announced as the St. Louis affiliate in the April 3, 1967, list.[39]
- ^ Not on the April 3, 1967, list.
- ^ Aired the program in late afternoons.[27]
- ^ Flagship station.
- ^ WBTV (channel 3, CBS) was announced as the Charlotte, North Carolina, affiliate in the April 3, 1967, list.[39]
- ^ Station had no primary affiliation but aired NBC and CBS network shows not otherwise cleared in Toledo.
- ^ The April 3, 1967, list contains Overmyer's WECO-TV (channel 53) instead, but it was not on air by the time the show was to air.[48]
- ^ WSIX-TV (channel 8, ABC) was announced as the Nashville affiliate in the April 3, 1967, list.[39]
- ^ The April 3, 1967, affiliate list includes KVER in Laredo,[39] a station on channel 13 planned to rebroadcast KZTV.
References
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- ^ Oviatt, Ray (April 26, 1966). "Area's New Ch. 24 On Air Tomorrow". Toledo Blade. p. 41. Archived from the original on March 27, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
- ^ Brickey 1986, pp. 14, 16.
- ^ a b c d Brickey 1986, p. 16.
- ^ "TV Permit Sale By Land O.K.'d: N.Y. Firm Buys". The Cincinnati Enquirer. March 11, 1965. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^
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- "UHF ownership limit waiver denied Overmyer". Broadcasting. Vol. 68, no. 17. April 26, 1965. p. 50. ProQuest 1014500491.
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- ^ a b c "Overmyer signs key Coast outlet". Broadcasting. Vol. 71, no. 14. October 3, 1966. p. 36.
- ^ FCC History Cards for KFTR-DT
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- ^ a b Foster, Bob (December 5, 1966). "Screenings". The Times. San Mateo, California. p. 27. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "CFL Signs Network TV Contract For 1967". Orlando Evening Star. United Press International. November 23, 1966. p. 10A. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Scorecard: The Fourth Steps Forth". Sports Illustrated. Vol. 25, no. 7. August 15, 1966. Archived from the original on December 8, 2022. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
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- ^ a b Brickey 1986, p. 17.
- ^ Trafficking in Broadcast Station Licenses, Part 2 1969, pp. 422, 889.
- ^ "For The Record: Existing TV stations, Final actions". Broadcasting. Vol. 76, no. 12. March 24, 1969. p. 162.
- ^ Trafficking in Broadcast Station Licenses, Part 2 1969, pp. 426, 539, 541.
- ^ "Overmyer selling control of outlets". Broadcasting. Vol. 72, no. 14. April 3, 1967. p. 80. ProQuest 1014520519.
- ^ "Overmyer sale papers are signed". Broadcasting. Vol. 74, no. 4. January 22, 1968. pp. 37–38. ProQuest 1014510329.
- ^ a b "New blood in new network". Broadcasting. Vol. 72, no. 11. March 13, 1967. pp. 23–26. ProQuest 1014504121.
- ^ "Overmyer case surfaces again". Broadcasting. Vol. 79, no. 9. August 31, 1970. p. 30. ProQuest 1014522931.
- ^ a b c d e "United network forced to quit". Broadcasting. Vol. 72, no. 23. June 5, 1967. pp. 34, 36, 41. ProQuest 1014496580.
- ^ a b "Fledgling United Network Set to Resume Broadcasts". Independent. Long Beach, California. Associated Press. July 3, 1967. p. B5. Archived from the original on August 13, 2021. Retrieved March 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Humphrey, Hal (May 1, 1967). "High Stakes in Las Vegas Show". The Los Angeles Times. p. 30:IV. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Spend your afternoons in Las Vegas with the new United Network". Albuquerque Journal (Advertisement). May 2, 1967. p. A7. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Show at Vegas Bows Monday". The Sunday World-Herald. Omaha, Nebraska. April 30, 1967. p. Entertainment in the Midlands 15. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Key TV Premieres". The Bridgeport Telegram. May 1, 1967. p. 15. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Du Brow, Rick (May 2, 1967). "TV Today: New Network Bows in Vegas". The San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco, California. UPI. p. 25. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d Thomas, Bob (June 7, 1967). "Dana Clarifying Downfall of The Las Vegas Show". Nashua Telegraph. Associated Press. p. 15. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 25, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d "Collapse of United Network: TV Investors Lose $2.2 Million". Corpus Christi Caller-Times. The New York Times. June 4, 1967. p. 6F. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved March 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d "Late Night Las Vegas Show, Started May 1, Bites Dust". The Morning Record. Meriden, Connecticut. Associated Press. June 2, 1967. p. 3. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
- ^ a b Crosby, Joan (February 26, 1969). "Fourth Network Hasn't Worked Yet". Raleigh Register. Newspaper Enterprise Association. p. 27. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
- ^ a b Gysel, Dean (June 4, 1967). "Services Held For Infant Network". The Corpus Christi Caller-Times. Chicago Daily News. p. 106. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved September 19, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "$690,000 deficit in UN bankruptcy filing". Broadcasting. Vol. 72, no. 26. June 26, 1967. p. 80.
- ^ "Overmyer and United in $117,000 suit". Broadcasting. Vol. 73, no. 4. July 24, 1967. p. 30. ProQuest 1014508961.
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- ^ a b c d e f g h "Just call us Hey U". Broadcasting (Advertisement). Vol. 72, no. 15. April 3, 1967. pp. 106B, 106C. ProQuest 1014504276.
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- ^ Lorando, Mark (December 31, 1995). "Feeling 'groovy' about their ABCs". The Times-Picayune. p. TV Focus 6. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2024 – via GenealogyBank.
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- ^ "New Las Vegas Show Starts Tuesday On 18". The Charlotte News. Charlotte, North Carolina. April 29, 1967. p. 13C. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Leonard, Vince (April 25, 1967). "Negotiations Underway: Las Vegas Show May Air Monday". The Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. p. 62. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Monday on TV: Las Vegas and Dana Join the Late Nighters". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. April 30, 1967. p. 16-S. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
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- ^ Barrett, Bob (April 2, 1967). "'Tuned In': 'Las Vegas Show', New Net Dead Here". The Knoxville News-Sentinel. Knoxville, Tennessee. p. F-8. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
Bibliography
- Brickey, Homer (February 23, 1986). "An Empire Lost: The Rise and Fall Of D.H. Overmyer". Toledo Blade. pp. Toledo Magazine 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19. Archived from the original on March 26, 2024. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
- Trafficking in Broadcast Station Licenses and Construction Permits—Hearings Before the Special Subcommittee on Investigation of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 90th Cong., 1st and 2d Sess., serial 90-51, pt. 2 (July 16, 17, 19, 31 and August 1, 1968). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1969. Archived from the original on March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
External links
- Overmyer - A Man And His Network from UHFHistory.com
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