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PKS 2349−014

PKS 2349−014
HST image of PKS 2349−014.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationPisces
Right ascension23h 51m 56.12s[1]
Declination−01° 09′ 13.31″[1]
Redshift0.173820[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity52,110 km/s[1]
Distance2.209 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)16.59
Characteristics
TypeN galaxy Sy1[1]
Size145.63 kiloparsecs (475,000 light-years)
(diameter; 2MASS K-band total isophote)[1]
Other designations
PG 2349-014, 4C -01.61, 2MASX J23515609-0109137, PGC 72664, 6dF J2351560-010913, RBS 2056, IRAS F23493-0126, OZ -082, PB 5564, NVSS J235156-010916, LEDA 197065

PKS 2349−014 is a Seyfert type 1 galaxy and a low-redshift quasar located in the constellation of Pisces. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.173[1] and it was first discovered by J.G. Bolton as a radio source in 1968 where it was designated as PKS 2349−01.[2] It is also classified as a broad-line radio galaxy and is radio-loud.[3][4]

Description

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PKS 2349−014 is classified as a radio-loud luminous quasar.[5][6] The host galaxy is an elliptical galaxy based on a de Vaucouleurs model.[7][8] Imaging by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), described it as having a highly disturbed appearance, with large tidal arms depicted as oddly shaped, indicating an interaction with a nearby companion galaxy described as having a faint magnitude of 21.0 ± 0.3.[6][9] There are several other galaxies located around the field of the object.[10]

Two smooth wisp features are found to surround PKS 2349−014, forming an almost complete ring-like structure with an extent of 20 kiloparsecs and brighter when closer to the center of the object. One of the wisps on the eastern side seems to penetrate its companion.[10] Evidence pointed out these wisps are the remains of a bright galaxy tidally accreted by the host galaxy, indicating a complete merger prior to the interaction with the companion.[11]

The object shows an unresolved central nucleus. There is also a faint off-centered nebula extension with a low average surface brightness of 24.4 mag arcsec-2, a major and minor axis extension of 48 and 34 kiloparsecs respectively.[10][12] From the nucleus on the northeast region, several traces of dust lane remnants can be seen.[10]

The spectrum of PKS 2349−014 is mainly dominated by both narrow forbidden and strong broad permitted emission lines.[13] It is also shown the object has a post starburst stellar population mostly made up of old stars of 12 billion years with evidence of younger stars aged around 500 million years.[14][15] The total stellar mass is estimated to be 12.2 x 1011 Mʘ while the star formation rate is approximately 8.3 Mʘ per year.[13] A supermassive black hole mass of 8.41 ± 0.06 Mʘ was calculated for PKS 2349−014 based on a Hβ line.[16]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g "NED search results for PKS 2349-014". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-08-16.
  2. ^ Bolton, J. G. (February 1968). "Accurate Positions of Identified Radio Sources". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 80 (472): 5. Bibcode:1968PASP...80....5B. doi:10.1086/128578. ISSN 0004-6280.
  3. ^ Rudy, R. J.; Schmidt, G. D.; Stockman, H. S.; Moore, R. L. (August 1983). "Optical polarimetry of broad-line radio galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 271: 59–64. Bibcode:1983ApJ...271...59R. doi:10.1086/161176. ISSN 0004-637X.
  4. ^ Dunlop, J. S.; Taylor, G. L.; Hughes, D. H.; Robson, E. I. (September 1993). "Infrared imaging of the host galaxies of radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 264 (2): 455–488. Bibcode:1993MNRAS.264..455D. doi:10.1093/mnras/264.2.455. ISSN 0035-8711.
  5. ^ McLure, R. J.; Kukula, M. J.; Dunlop, J. S.; Baum, S. A.; O'Dea, C. P.; Hughes, D. H. (1999-09-19). "A comparative HST imaging study of the host galaxies of radio-quiet quasars, radio-loud quasars and radio galaxies -- I". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 308 (2): 377–404. arXiv:astro-ph/9809030. Bibcode:1999MNRAS.308..377M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02676.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  6. ^ a b [email protected]. "Quasar PKS 2349". www.esahubble.org. Retrieved 2025-08-16.
  7. ^ Bahcall, John N.; Kirhakos, Sofia; Saxe, David H.; Schneider, Donald P. (1997-04-20). "Hubble Space Telescope Images of a Sample of 20 Nearby Luminous Quasars". The Astrophysical Journal. 479 (2): 642–658. arXiv:astro-ph/9611163. Bibcode:1997ApJ...479..642B. doi:10.1086/303926. ISSN 0004-637X.
  8. ^ Guyon, O.; Sanders, D. B.; Stockton, Alan (September 2006). "Near-Infrared Adaptive Optics Imaging of QSO Host Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 166 (1): 89–127. arXiv:astro-ph/0605079. Bibcode:2006ApJS..166...89G. doi:10.1086/505030. ISSN 0067-0049.
  9. ^ Wold, I.; Sheinis, A. I.; Wolf, M. J.; Hooper, E. J. (2010-10-21). "Host galaxies of luminous quasars: population synthesis of optical off-axis spectra". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 408 (2): 713–730. arXiv:1006.2136. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..713W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17163.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  10. ^ a b c d Bahcall, John N.; Kirhakos, Sofia; Schneider, Donald P. (July 1995). "PKS 2349-014: A Luminous Quasar with Thin Wisps, a Large Off-Center Nebulosity, and a Close Companion Galaxy". The Astrophysical Journal. 447: L1 – L4. arXiv:astro-ph/9504076. Bibcode:1995ApJ...447L...1B. doi:10.1086/309548. ISSN 0004-637X.
  11. ^ "A Merger Between Quasar and Galaxy - NASA Science". 1995-01-11. Retrieved 2025-08-16.
  12. ^ Bahcall, John N.; Kirhakos, Sofia; Schneider, Donald P. (September 1995). "Hubble Space Telescope Images of Nearby Luminous Quasars. II. Results for Eight Quasars and Tests of the Detection Sensitivity". The Astrophysical Journal. 450: 486. arXiv:astro-ph/9501018. Bibcode:1995ApJ...450..486B. doi:10.1086/176159. ISSN 0004-637X.
  13. ^ a b Wolf, Marsha J.; Sheinis, Andrew I. (2008-09-10). "Host Galaxies of Luminous Quasars: Structural Properties and the Fundamental Plane". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (4): 1587–1606. arXiv:0808.0918. Bibcode:2008AJ....136.1587W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/4/1587. ISSN 0004-6256.
  14. ^ Nolan, L. A.; Dunlop, J. S.; Kukula, M. J.; Hughes, D. H.; Boroson, T.; Jimenez, R. (2001-05-11). "The ages of quasar host galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 323 (2): 308–330. arXiv:astro-ph/0002020. Bibcode:2001MNRAS.323..308N. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04174.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  15. ^ Miller, J. S.; Sheinis, A. I. (May 2003). "Keck Spectroscopy of Four Quasi-stellar Object Host Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 588 (1): L9 – L12. arXiv:astro-ph/0303506. Bibcode:2003ApJ...588L...9M. doi:10.1086/375153. ISSN 0004-637X.
  16. ^ Sheinis, A. I.; López-Sánchez, Á. R. (2017-01-09). "QUASAR HOST GALAXIES AND THE MSMBH–σ* RELATION". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (2): 55. arXiv:1612.00528. Bibcode:2017AJ....153...55S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/2/55. ISSN 0004-6256.
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