Paralarva
Young cephalopods in the planktonic stages between hatchling and subadult
Grimalditeuthis bonplandi paralarva
Grimalditeuthis bonplandi adult
Paralarvae (sg.: paralarva) are young cephalopods in the planktonic stages between hatchling and subadult. This stage differs from the larval stage of animals that undergo true metamorphosis.[1] Paralarvae have been observed only in members of the orders Octopoda and Teuthida.[2]
The term was first introduced by Richard E. Young and Robert F. Harman in 1988.[2]
Paralarvae usually spend an uncertain amount of time in the plankton and then typically descend to an adult habitat in the mesopelagic or bathypelagic zone. Their population abundance is dependent on the variation of mortality rates during the planktonic period.
See also
- Larva
- Crustacean larvae
References
- ^ "Paralarvae". Larval Images: Larval forms diverse and beautiful!. Archived from the original on 2018-08-16.
- ^ a b Richard Edward Young & Robert F. Harman (1988). ""Larva", "Paralarva", and "Subadult" in Cephalopod Terminology". Malacologia. 29 (1): 201–207. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
Further reading
- Bigelow, Keith A. "Age and growth in paralarvae of the mesopelagic squid Abralia trigonura based on daily growth increments in statoliths." Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf 82.1 (1992): 31–40.
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Cephalopod anatomy
Types |
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Features |
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funnel
External anatomy | |
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Internal anatomy |
limbs
Brachial crown | |
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Buccal region |
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Occipital region |
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Other parts |
- Chromatophores
- Photophores
- Nervous system
Developmental stages: Spawn → Paralarva (Doratopsis stage) → Juvenile → Subadult → Adult • Egg fossils • Protoconch (embryonic shell)