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Parler family

Family of German architects and sculptors

The Parler family (Czech: Parléř [ˈparlɛːr̝̊]) was a family of German architects and sculptors from the 14th century.^[1] Founder of the dynasty, Heinrich Parler, but later lived and worked in Gmünd.^[2] His descendants were working in various parts of central Europe, especially in Bohemia. The family name was derived from the word Parlier, meaning "foreman".^[3]

Notable members of the family include:

Heinrich Parler (c. 1300 – c. 1370),^[4] also known as Heinrich of Gmünd, founder of the dynasty, father of Johannes, Peter and Michael.
- Johannes von Gmünd (Johann Parler the Elder) (1330-po 1359), oldest son of Heinrich Parler, father of Heinrich IV. Parler and Michael Parler II (c. 1350 - 1387/88), foreman at the Strasbourg Cathedral^[5]^[6]
  - Heinrich IV. Parler (Henricus Parlerius, Heinrich Parler the younger), sculptor, founder of the International Gothic style in Prague and Moravia (1373-1390)^[5]
- Peter Parler (1332–1399) (Czech: Petr Parléř), son of Heinrich, brother of Michael^[1]
  - Wenzel Parler (Czech: Václav Parléř), son of Peter^[7]
  - Johann Parler (Czech: Jan Parléř), son of Peter, brother of Wenzel^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b Boehm, Barbara Drake; Fajt, Jiří (2005). Prague: The Crown of Bohemia, 1347–1437. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 191. ISBN 0-19-511241-5. Retrieved 2015-06-07.
^ Harvey, John (1950). The Gothic World, 1100-1600: A Survey of Architecture and Art. London: B. T. Batsford. p. 112.
^ Campbell, Gordon (2009). The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art. Vol. 3. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0195334661. Retrieved 2015-06-07.
^ Parler, Heinrich Archived 2014-12-26 at the Wayback Machine, Deutsche Biographie; retrieved 3 June 2013.
^ ^a ^b Schock-Werner, Barbara, "Parler" in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 20 (2001), p. 69-74 Online-Version
^ Harvey, John (1950). The Gothic World, 1100-1600: A Survey of Architecture and Art. London: B. T. Batsford. p. 116.
^ Harvey, John (1950). The Gothic World, 1100-1600: A Survey of Architecture and Art. London: B. T. Batsford. p. 52.
^ Calkins, Robert G. (1998). Medieval Architecture in Western Europe: From A.D. 300 to 1500. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 278. ISBN 1588391612.