Party-list system
A party-list system is a type of electoral system that formally involves political parties in the electoral process, usually to facilitate multi-winner elections. In party-list systems, parties put forward a list of candidates, the party-list who stand for election on one ticket. Voters can usually vote directly for the party-list, but in other systems voters may vote for directly individuals candidates within or across party lists (such systems are referred to as open list and panachage),[1] besides or instead of voting directly for parties (mixed electoral systems).
Most commonly, party-list systems refer to party-list proportional representation, but there are other electoral systems using party-lists including the general ticket (party block voting) and mixed electoral systems.[2] Not only are not all party-list systems proportional, not all proportional systems are party-list systems. Candidates who won their seats from a party-list are called list MPs.
Types party-list systems
By proportionality of representation
- proportional party-list systems, including list PR and MMP
- semi-proportional party-list systems, including parallel voting and AMS
- plurality/majoritarian party-list system (general ticket)
By candidate selection
- Open-list
- Closed-list
- Local list
- Two-tier party-list systems
- Ley de Lemas
By ballot type
- single vote
- mixed ballot
- panachage
- double simultaneous vote
Other
- mixed electoral systems that use party-list PR to allocate some, but not all seats
See also
- Election
- List of electoral systems by country
- Comparison of electoral systems
- Outline of democracy
- Multi-member district
- Single transferable vote
- Party-list proportional representation
- Straight-ticket voting
- Group voting ticket
