Pentolinium

Chemical compound

Pentolinium
Identifiers

IUPAC name 1-Methyl-1-[5-(1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)pentyl]pyrrolidin-1-ium
CAS Number	144-44-5 52-62-0 (tartrate salt)
PubChem CID	5850
DrugBank	DB01090
ChemSpider	5641
UNII	ULL76WPU5X
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1271
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5048554
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₅H₃₂N₂²⁺
Molar mass	240.435 g·mol⁻¹
InChI InChI=1S/C15H32N2/c1-16(12-6-7-13-16)10-4-3-5-11-17(2)14-8-9-15-17/h3-15H2,1-2H3/q+2 Key:XSBSKEQEUFOSDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Pentolinium is a ganglionic blocking agent which acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Formulated as the pentolinium tartrate salt, it is also known as Ansolysen.^[1] It can be used as an antihypertensive drug during surgery or to control hypertensive crises. It works by binding to the acetylcholine receptor of adrenergic nerves and thereby inhibiting the release of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Blocking this receptor leads to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation.

Route of administration and dose

Pentolinium can be given orally (20mg three times a day), injected intramuscularly, or administered intravenously.^[2]

Use

Pentolinium and hexamethonium combined with Rauvolfia was reported in 1955 to be effective in the outpatient management of moderate to severe hypertension, with satisfactory orthostatic reduction in blood pressure but there are significant untoward effects attributable to the use of the hexamethonium. Pentolinium has been reported to offer more prolonged ganglionic blockade and has less severe untoward effects than hexamethonium.^[3]

References

^ Agrest A, Hoobler SW (March 1955). "Long-term management of hypertension with pentolinium tartrate (ansolysen)". Journal of the American Medical Association. 157 (12): 999–1003. doi:10.1001/jama.1955.02950290019006. PMID 14353636.
^ Budhiraja RD (2009). Elementary Pharmacology & Toxicology. Popular Prakashan. p. 189. ISBN 97881-7991-472-4.
^ Dennis E, Ford R, Herschberger R, Moyer JH (October 1955). "Pentolinium and hexamethonium combined with Rauwolfia in the treatment of hypertension". The New England Journal of Medicine. 253 (14): 597–600. doi:10.1056/NEJM195510062531404. PMID 13266002.

External links

DrugBank: Pentolinium

Sympatholytic (and closely related) antihypertensives (C02)

Sympatholytics
(antagonize α-adrenergic
vasoconstriction)

Central

α₂-Adrenergic receptor agonists	Clonidine Guanabenz Guanfacine Guanoxabenz Methyldopa^# Tiamenidine^‡
Adrenergic release inhibitors	Bethanidine Bretylium Debrisoquine Guanadrel Guanazodine Guancydine Guanethidine Guanoclor Guanoxan
Imidazoline receptor agonists	Moxonidine Rilmenidine Tolonidine
Ganglion-blocking/nicotinic antagonists	Hexamethonium^‡ Mecamylamine Pentolinium Trimethaphan

Peripheral

Indirect

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors	Pargyline^‡
VMAT inhibitors	Bietaserpine Deserpidine Methoserpidine Reserpine Syrosingopine
Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitors	Metirosine

Direct

α₁-Adrenergic receptor blockers	Doxazosin Ketanserin Indoramin Prazosin Trimazosin Urapidil
Non-selective α-adrenergic receptor blockers	Phentolamine

Other antagonists

Serotonin receptor antagonists	Ketanserin Lidanserin
Endothelin receptor antagonists (for PHTooltip Pulmonary hypertension)	dual (Aprocitentan, Bosentan, Macitentan (+tadalafil)) selective (Ambrisentan, Sitaxentan)