People's Justice Front

Political party in Malaysia

Politics of Malaysia
Political parties
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Politics of Malaysia
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People's Justice Front or in Malay: Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat (AKAR) was a splinter party of Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS) formed in 1989 which was led by Dusun and Bajau ethnic-based leaders namely Mark Koding, Kalakau Untol and Pandikar Amin Mulia.^[1]^[2] In 1995, AKAR had gone through a leadership crisis between Pandikar Amin Mulia and Jeffrey Kitingan.^[3] The party's name was later changed to United People's Justice Front or in Malay: Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat Bersatu (AKAR BERSATU). AKAR BERSATU was dissolved to enable its members to join UMNO in 2001.

General election results

Election	Total seats won	Seats contested	Outcome of election	Election leader
1990	0 / 180	11	; No representation in Parliament (Barisan Nasional)	Pandikar Amin Mulia
1995	0 / 192	11	; No representation in Parliament (Barisan Nasional)	Pandikar Amin Mulia
1999	0 / 193	11	; No representation in Parliament (Barisan Nasional)	Pandikar Amin Mulia

State election results

State election	State Legislative Assembly
State election	Sabah	Total won / Total contested

2/3 majority	2 / 3
1990	0 / 48	0 / 32
1994	1 / 48	1 / 7
1999	0 / 48	0 / 2

External links

BERAKHIRNYA AKAR BERSATU, ADAKAH JUGA PETANDA BERAKHIRNYA POLITIK IRANUN?

References

^ Arthur S. Banks; Alan J. Day; Thomas C. Muller (February 2016). "Political Handbook of the World 1998". Google eBookstore. p. 580. ISBN 9781349149513. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
^ 风云五十年: 马来西亚政党政治. 燧人氏事业. 2007. p. 212. ISBN 9789832197263. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Chronology for Kadazans in Malaysia, 2004, Minorities at Risk Project, UNHCR's Refworld". unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 2016-05-04. Retrieved 2016-04-09.

Political parties in Malaysia

Parties represented in the Dewan Negara, Dewan Rakyat and/or State Assemblies

Pakatan Harapan (PH)	Democratic Action Party (DAP) People's Justice Party (PKR) National Trust Party (AMANAH) United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)
Barisan Nasional (BN)	United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)
Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)	United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB) Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP) Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS) Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)	Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN) United Sabah Party (PBS) Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR) Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)
Perikatan Nasional (PN)	Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)
Other parties	Heritage Party (WARISAN) Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA) Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB) Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM) Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM) Love Sabah Party (PCS) Independent

Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies

Friends of Barisan Nasional	Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP) Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA) Love Malaysia Party (PCM) All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF) Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP) Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM) Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)* Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)	United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO) Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah Plus (GRS+)	Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)
Pakatan Harapan Plus (PH+)	Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)
Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA)	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA) Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA) Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)
Gagasan Sejahtera (GS)	Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN) People's Alternative Party (PAP) Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)
Other parties	Malaysian Indian People’s Party Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG) Socialist Alternative (SA)* Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM) Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN) Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP) People's Welfare Party (KITA) Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA) Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN) Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS) Penang Front Party (PFP) Malaysian United Party (MUP) Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC) Sabah Nationality Party (PKS) Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN) Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN) Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS) Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS) Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU) Parti Damai Sabah (SPP) Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK) Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS) Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB) Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE) Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP) Malaysian National Party (PNM) Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM) Green Party of Malaysia (PHM) People First Party (URPARTI) Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA) Barisan Penyatuan Nasional Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI) Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS) Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR) Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S) Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)

Defunct parties and coalition

Defunct coalitions	All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA) Labour Front (LF) Socialist Front (SF) Alliance Party (AP) Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF) Barisan Sabah Kumpulan Maju (MAJU) Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) Gagasan Rakyat (GR) Barisan Alternatif (BA) Pakatan Rakyat (PR)
Defunct former parliamentary parties	Malayan Party (MP) Sarawak National Party (SNAP) Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS) Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS) Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) National Party (Negara) Labour Party of Malaya (Lab) National Convention Party (NCP) Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA) Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS) Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP) Semangat 46 (S46) United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO) Sabah National Party (SANAP) Sabah Chinese Association (SCA) Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA) People's Justice Front (AKAR) Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS) United Democratic Party (UDP) Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP) Muslim League of Malaya (ML) National Association of Perak (NAP) Radical Party (RADICAL) Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO) Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP) Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA) Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA) Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA) Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS) Sabah Indian Congress (SIC) United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK) Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)
Other defunct parties	Independence of Malaya Party (IMP) Malayan Communist Party (MCP) (Revolutionary Faction) (Marxist-Leninist) Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM) North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP) Selangor Labour Party (SLP) Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN) Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU) Social Democratic Party (SDP) Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP) Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN) Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA) Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP) Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT) United People's Party (1976) (UPP) United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO) Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR) United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA) Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR) Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS) Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU) Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA) Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU) Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH) Sabah Chinese Party (PCS) Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN) Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS) Sabah People's Party (PRS) Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM) United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA) Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP) Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP) Community Coalition Congress (CCC) Sabah People's Front (SPF) Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM) Human Rights Party (HRP) Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)