People's Organised Workshop on Ersatz Religion
The People's Organised Workshop on Ersatz Religion (POWER), also called the People's Organised Workgroup on Ersatz Religion,[1] was a British anti-cult organisation founded in 1976 based in Ealing, London.[1] Some believe that POWER is a front organisation by large new religious movements (NRMs) meant to delegitimise other anti-cult organisations like Family, Action, Information, Rescue (FAIR).[2] POWER functionally disappeared in 1977 but caused major controversy within its roughly one-year lifespan.[3][4] The organisation published a brochure called Deprogramming: The Constructive Destruction of Belief: A Manual of Technique, which advocated for mass deprogramming of cult members, including methods like sleep deprivation, food deprivation, forced nudity, kidnapping, and "aggressive sex".[5][6]
The exact party that founded POWER and their intentions are unknown. A 1977 Times (London) article attributed Michael "Mike" Heys (born c. 1952[5]) as the founder of the organisation.[5] Elisabeth Arweck and James A. Beckford seemingly agree that a single person founded POWER, but they both are unsure of the person's intentions.[2][7][8] The Acton Gazette and Post reported in June 1976 that Heys works with "a couple of part-time helpers" to run POWER.[9] Times journalist Michael Horsnell writes that Heys reportedly began deprogramming because a girlfriend joined the Children of God.[5] Heys was an unemployed lorry driver from Ealing, London, according to The Sunday People (London).[10] In Beckford's book, he noted that some argued that Federal Bureau of Investigation documents, obtained via the American Freedom of Information Act, prove that POWER was actually run by "one of the largest NRMs", but he dismisses the evidence as inconclusive.[11] Heys reportedly told the Gazette and Post (Acton, London) that "[c]ults must be destroyed now, not at some vague date in the future".[1]
In their book Les Nouveaux Prophètes, Jean-Marie Leduc and Didier de Plaige argue that POWER was a front organisation to discredit other anti-cult organisations. Leduc and de Plaige claim that Deprogramming: The Constructive Destruction of Belief was circulated in France by the Church of Scientology after being obtained through a secret conference of deprogrammers in 1977.[12]
By the end of 1977, Heys and POWER disappeared from public view. Arweck and Beckford argue that POWER's incessance on deprogramming tarnished FAIR's public image along with other anti-cult groups.[2][11]
References
- ^ a b c "POWER aims to destroy cults". Gazette and Post (Acton). 1976-11-04. p. 6.
- ^ a b c Arweck, Elisabeth. Researching New Religious Movements: Responses and Redefinitions (London and New York: Routledge, 2006), 129.
- ^ Chryssides, George D., "Britain's anti-cult movement," in New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response, edited by Jamie Cresswell and Bryan Wilson, 257–73. London and New York: Routledge, 1999. p. 259.
- ^ Beckford, James A., Cult Controversies: The Societal Response to the New Religious Movements (London: Tavistock, 1985), 228–9.
- ^ a b c d Horsnell, Michael, "Alleged offer of brainwashing training: Yard's interest in anti-cult body," The Times (London), 4 April 1977.
- ^ "New focus on man with a strange battle", Southall Gazette, 8 April 1977.
- ^ Beckford, Cult Controversies, 228.
- ^ James A. Beckford. "'Brainwashing' and 'Deprogramming' in Britain: The Social Sources of Anti-Cult Sentiment". In The Brainwashing/Deprogramming Controversy: Sociological, Psychological, Legal and Historical Perspectives, edited by David G. Bromley and James T. Richardson, 122–38. Studies in Religion and Society. New York and Toronto: Edwin Mellen Press, 1983.
- ^ "Campaign Against Cults". Gazette and Post (Acton). 1976-06-10. p. 2.
- ^ Warschauer, Harris and Wooding, Dan, "A sinister anti-Christian brainwashing sect has been set up in Britain", The Sunday People (London), 14 November 1976.
- ^ a b Beckford, Cult Controversies, 230.
- ^ Leduc, Jean-Marie and de Plaige, Didier, Les Nouveaux Prophètes. Paris: Buchet/Castel, 1978. pp. 345–56.
See also
- Anti-cult movement
- Deprogramming
- The Family Survival Trust (formerly FAIR)
- v
- t
- e
- APA Task Force on Deceptive and Indirect Methods of Persuasion and Control
- Center for Religious Studies in the name of Hieromartyr Irenaeus of Lyons
- Cult Awareness Network
- Cult Information Centre
- Cultists Anonymous
- International Cultic Studies Association
- The Family Survival Trust
- Fight Against Coercive Tactics Network
- National Network of Lawyers Against Spiritual Sales
- People's Organised Workshop on Ersatz Religion
- Jean-Marie Abgrall
- John Gordon Clark
- Steve Eichel
- Martin Faiers
- Leon Festinger
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- Ian Haworth
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- Masaki Kito
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- Saul V. Levine
- Casey McCann
- Jesse S. Miller
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- Tsutsumi Sakamoto
- Rick Ross
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- Margaret Singer
- Eito Suzuki
- Alain Vivien
- Cyril Vosper
- Louis Jolyon West
- Lawrence Wollersheim
- Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry
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- Dialog Center International
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- Evangelical Ministries to New Religions
- Institute for Religious Research
- Personal Freedom Outreach
- Midwest Christian Outreach
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- Reachout Trust
- Spiritual Counterfeits Project
- Watchman Fellowship
- Wellspring Retreat and Resource Center
- Nicolas About
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- All Gods Children (book)
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- Bounded Choice
- Brainwashing: The Science of Thought Control
- Captive Hearts, Captive Minds
- The Challenge of the Cults and New Religions
- Churches That Abuse
- Combating Cult Mind Control
- Cults: Faith, Healing and Coercion
- Cults in Our Midst
- Cults of Unreason
- Deadly Cults
- The Incendiaries
- The Kingdom of the Cults
- The Making of a Moonie
- Misunderstanding Cults
- The New Vigilantes: Deprogrammers, Anti-Cultists, and the New Religions
- On the Edge: Political Cults Right and Left
- Recovery from Cults
- Snapping: America's Epidemic of Sudden Personality Change
- Strange Gods: The Great American Cult Scare
- Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism
- Twisted Scriptures
- When Prophecy Fails
- The Wrong Way Home
- Zealot: A Book About Cults