Pheniramine

Routes of
administrationOral; injection (intramuscular or slow intravenous); topical (ophthalmic/nasal solution)ATC codePharmacokinetic dataMetabolismHepatic hydroxylation, demethylation and glucuronidationElimination half-life16 - 19 hrs (oral), 8 - 7 hrs (i.v.)^[1]ExcretionRenalIdentifiersCAS NumberPubChem CIDIUPHAR/BPSDrugBankChemSpiderUNIIKEGGChEMBLCompTox Dashboard (EPA)ECHA InfoCard100.001.506 Chemical and physical dataFormulaC₁₆H₂₀N₂Molar mass240.350 g·mol⁻¹3D model (JSmol)  (verify)

Pheniramine (trade name Avil among others) is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria. It has relatively strong sedative effects, and may sometimes be used off-label as an over-the-counter sleeping pill in a similar manner to other sedating antihistamines such as diphenhydramine. Pheniramine is also commonly found in eyedrops used for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

It was patented in 1948.^[2] Pheniramine is generally sold in combination with other medications, rather than as a stand-alone drug, although some formulations are available containing pheniramine by itself.

Side effects

Pheniramine may cause drowsiness or Tachycardia, and over-dosage may lead to sleep disorders.^{[citation needed]}

Overdose may lead to seizures, especially in combination with alcohol.^{[citation needed]}

People combining with cortisol in the long term should avoid pheniramine as it may decrease levels of adrenaline (epinephrine) which may lead to loss of consciousness.^{[citation needed]}

Pheniramine is a deliriant (hallucinogen) in toxic doses. Recreational use of Coricidin for the dissociative (hallucinogenic) effect of its dextromethorphan is hazardous because it also contains chlorpheniramine.^{[citation needed]}

Chemical relatives

Halogenation of pheniramine increases its potency 20-fold. Halogenated derivatives of pheniramine include chlorphenamine, brompheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine, dexbrompheniramine, and zimelidine. Two other halogenated derivatives, fluorpheniramine and iodopheniramine, are currently in use for research on combination therapies for malaria and some cancers. ^{[citation needed]}

Other analogs include diphenhydramine, and doxylamine.

Stereoisomerism

Pheniramine contains a stereocenter and can exists as either of two enantiomers. The pharmaceutical drug is a racemate, an equal mixture of the (R)- and (S)-forms.^[3]

Enantiomers of pheniramine
(R)-Pheniramine CAS number: 56141-72-1	(S)-Pheniramine CAS number: 23201-92-5

See also

• Development and discovery of SSRI drugs

References

External links

• Media related to Pheniramine at Wikimedia Commons
• MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Pheniramine overdose
• Leaflet on Avil by The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners