Philippe Hecquet
Philippe Hecquet | |
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Born | 11 February 1661 Abbeville, France |
Died | 11 April 1737 (1737-04-12) (aged 76) Paris, France |
Occupation(s) | Physician, writer |
Philippe Hecquet (11 February 1661 – 11 April 1737) was a French physician and vegetarianism activist.
Biography
Hecquet obtained his M.D. from Reims in 1684.[1] In 1688, he moved to Port-Royal-des-Champs, where he succeeded Jean Hamon, as physician.[2] He spent much time helping the poor. In 1697, he became Doctor at University of Paris and received the official hat after an examination of "rare success".[2] The Faculty named him Docteur-Régent and he was appointed as Professor of Materia Medica. In 1712, he was named Dean of the Faculty.[2]
Hecquet was an ascetic, Cartesian mechanist and vegetarian.[3] He was influenced by Porphyry. Hecquet was concerned with health from a diet perspective and campaigned against the consumption of meat, stating it interfered with digestion and circulation of the blood.[3] Hecquet noted how the rich often consumed much expensive meat, spicy sauces and strong wine which was bad for health.[4] He argued that such a diet was difficult for the body to digest and impaired the elasticity of the fluid-bearing organs.[4] He stated that if flesh was to be eaten it should only be fish.[4] He believed that fruits, grains, nuts and seeds should replace meat. Hecquet was a Jansenist Catholic and promoted a "theological medicine".[5] He argued that the Garden of Eden depicted a vegetarian regime.[3]
Hecquet argued that all physiological processes could be reduced to simple mechanisms. He developed a digestive theory of "trituration" which emphasized the grinding action of mastication and peristalsis of muscle walls of the stomach.[6] Hecquet believed fish and vegetables are superior to meat because their composition is easily broken down by trituration.[6]
Hecquet has been described as "one of the first systematic proponents of vegetarianism".[7] Historian Ken Albala credits Hecquet for making the first scientific defense of a vegetarian diet.[8]
Selected publications
- Traité de dispenses du Careme (1710)
- La Médecine, la Chirurgie, et la Pharmacie des Pauvres (1740-1742)
- La Brigandage de la Médecine (1755)
See also
- History of vegetarianism
References
- ^ Osler, William. (1987). Bibliotheca Osleriana: A Catalogue of Books Illustrating the History of Medicine and Science Collected, Arranged, and Annotated. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 262
- ^ a b c Williams, Howard. (1896). The Ethics of Diet. London. pp. 314-318
- ^ a b c Preece, Rod. (2008). Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought. UBC Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-7748-15093
- ^ a b c L. W. B. Brockliss. (1989). The Medico-Religious Universe of an Early Eighteenth-Century Parisian Doctor: The Case Philippe Hecquet. In Roger French; Andrew Wear. The Medical Revolution of the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. ISBN 0-521-35510-9
- ^ Puskar-Pasewicz, Margaret. (2010). Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-313-37556-9
- ^ a b Albala, Ken; Eden, Trudy. (2011). Food and Faith in Christian Culture. Columbia University Press. pp. 116-118. ISBN 978-0-231-52079-9
- ^ Moulin, Léo. (2002). Eating and Drinking in Europe: A Cultural History. Mercatorfonds. p. 54
- ^ Albala, Ken. (2009). The First Scientific Defense of a Vegetarian Diet. In Susan R. Friedland. Vegetables: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cooking 2008. Prospect Books. pp. 29-35. ISBN 978-1-903018-66-8
- v
- t
- e
Veganism |
|
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Vegetarianism | |
Lists |
Secular | |
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Religious |
and drink
- Agave syrup
- Chicken fillet roll
- Coconut burger
- Coconut milk
- Fruits
- Grains
- Gelatin substitutes
- Jambon
- Meat alternative
- Miso
- Mochi
- Mock duck
- Nutritional yeast
- Plant cream
- Plant milk
- Quinoa
- Quorn
- Seitan
- Soy yogurt
- Tempeh
- Tofu
- Tofurkey
- Cheese
- Vegepet
- Vegetables
- Hot dog
- Vegetarian mark
- Sausage
- Sausage roll
- Beer
- Wine
- Veggie burger
and events
reports,
journals
- On Abstinence from Eating Animals (3rd century)
- An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty (1802)
- Vegetable Cookery (1812)
- A Vindication of Natural Diet (1813)
- Reasons for not Eating Animal Food (1814)
- Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
- Nature's Own Book (1835)
- Fruits and Farinacea (1845)
- The Pleasure Boat (1845)
- The Ethics of Diet (1883)
- What is Vegetarianism? (1886)
- Shelley's Vegetarianism (1891)
- Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses (1892)
- Why I Am a Vegetarian (1895)
- Figs or Pigs? (1896)
- Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian (1903)
- The Meat Fetish (1904)
- The New Ethics (1907)
- A Fleshless Diet (1910)
- The Benefits of Vegetarianism (1927)
- Living the Good Life (1954)
- Ten Talents (1968)
- Diet for a Small Planet (1971)
- The Vegetarian Epicure (1972)
- Moosewood Collective Cookbooks (1973)
- The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook (1975)
- Laurel's Kitchen (1976)
- Moosewood Cookbook (1977)
- Fit for Life (1985)
- Diet for a New America (1987)
- The Sexual Politics of Meat (1990)
- Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone (1997)
- The China Study (2005)
- Skinny Bitch (2005)
- Livestock's Long Shadow (2006)
- The Bloodless Revolution (2006)
- Eating Animals (2009)
- Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows (2009)
- The Vegan Studies Project (2015)
- Animal (De)liberation (2016)
- The End of Animal Farming (2018)
- Vegetable Kingdom (2020)
- Making a Stand for Animals (2022)
- Meat Atlas (annual)
- The Animals Film (1981)
- Diet for a New America (film) (1991)
- A Cow at My Table (1998)
- Meet Your Meat (2002)
- Post Punk Kitchen (2003–2005)
- Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
- Earthlings (2005)
- A Sacred Duty (2007)
- Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead (2010)
- Planeat (2010)
- Forks Over Knives (2011)
- Vegucated (2011)
- Live and Let Live (2013)
- Cowspiracy (2014)
- PlantPure Nation (2015)
- What the Health (2017)
- Carnage (2017)
- Dominion (2018)
- Eating You Alive (2018)
- The Game Changers (2018)
- You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment (2024)
authors,
physicians
cookbook authors
- Nava Atlas
- Mayim Bialik
- Gypsy Boots
- BOSH!
- Edward Espe Brown
- Tabitha Brown (actress)
- Suzy Amis Cameron
- Hannah Che
- Pinky Cole
- Chloe Coscarelli
- Yamuna Devi
- Sue Donaldson
- Crescent Dragonwagon
- Rose Elliot
- Rip Esselstyn
- Carol Lee Flinders
- Dick Gregory
- Richa Hingle
- Madhur Jaffrey
- Mollie Katzen
- Frances Moore Lappé
- Deborah Madison
- Linda McCartney
- Mary McCartney
- Tracye McQuirter
- Joanne Lee Molinaro
- Moosewood Collective
- Isa Chandra Moskowitz
- Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
- Gaz Oakley
- Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
- Mathew Pritchard
- Satchidananda Saraswati
- Derek Sarno
- Miyoko Schinner
- Alicia Silverstone
- Bryant Terry
- Anna Thomas
- Haile Thomas
- Lauren Toyota
- Jeeca Uy
- Umberto Veronesi
- Nisha Vora
- Alan Wakeman
- Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli
- Cinnaholic
- Crossroads Kitchen
- Greens Restaurant
- Little Pine (restaurant)
- Slutty Vegan
- Souley Vegan
- Veggie Grill