Plug-in hybrid car energy efficiency

Overview of the energy efficiency of plug-in hybrid cars

The following table compares EPA's estimated out-of-pocket fuel costs and fuel economy ratings of serial production plug-in hybrid electric vehicles rated by EPA as of January 2017[update] expressed in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (mpg-e),[1][2] versus the most fuel efficient gasoline-electric hybrid car, the 2016 Toyota Prius Eco (fourth generation), rated 56 mpg‑US (4.2 L/100 km; 67 mpg‑imp), and EPA's average new 2016 vehicle, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp).[2][3][4] The table also shows the fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrids in all-electric mode expressed as KWh/100 mile, the metric used by EPA to rate electric cars before November 2010.[5]

Comparison of out-of-pocket fuel costs and fuel economy for plug-in hybrid electric cars
rated by EPA as of January 2017[update] with MPGe and conventional MPG(1)
(as displayed in the Monroney label and the US DoE fueleconomy.gov website)
Vehicle Year
model
Operating
mode
(EV range)
EPA rated
Combined
fuel economy
EPA rated
city/highway
fuel economy
Fuel cost
to drive
25 miles
Annual
fuel cost(1)
(15,000 mi)
Notes
Toyota Prius Prime[1][6] 2017 Electricity
(25 mi)
133 mpg-e
(25 kWh/100 mi)
- $0.82 $550 The Prius Prime is the most energy-efficient
vehicle with a gasoline engine in EV mode.[7]
During the first 25 mi might use some gasoline.[6]
The 2017 Prime has a combined
gasoline/electricity rating of 78 mpg-e
(city 83 mpg-e/hwy 73 mpg-e).[8]
Gasoline only 54 mpg 55 mpg/
53 mpg
$1.08
BMW i3 REx (60 A·h)[9][10] 2014
2015
2016
Electricity only
(72 mi)
117 mpg-e
(29 kWh/100 mi)
97 mpg‑e (35 kW⋅h/100 mi)/
79 mpg‑e (43 kW⋅h/100 mi)
$0.94 $650 The EPA classifies the i3 REx as a
series plug-in hybrid while CARB as a
range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx).
The 2014/16 i3 REx is the most fuel efficient
EPA-certified current year vehicle with
a gasoline engine with a combined
gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e
(city 97 mpg-e/hwy 79 mpg-e).[11][8]
Gasoline only
(78 mi)
39 mpg 41 mpg/
37 mpg
$1.79
Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid[12] 2014 Electricity
and gasoline
(13 mi)
115 mpg-e
(29 kWh/100 mi)
- $1.03 $650 The 2014 Accord is the most fuel
efficient plug-in hybrid in blended EV mode
with a rating of 115 mpg-e.
The Accord has a rating for combined
EV/hybrid operation of 57 mpg-e.[13]
Gasoline only 46 mpg 47 mpg/
46 mpg
$1.11
BMW i3 REx (94 A·h)[1][14] 2017 Electricity only
(97 mi)
111 mpg-e
(30 kWh/100 mi)
- $0.98 $650 The EPA classifies the i3 REx as a
series plug-in hybrid while CARB as a
range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx).
The 2017 i3 REx (94 A·h) has a combined
gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e
(city 95 mpg-e/hwy 81 mpg-e), the highest
rating among 2017 MY plug-in hybrids.[8]
Gasoline only
(83 mi)
35 mpg 36 mpg/
33 mpg
$1.99
Chevrolet Volt (2nd gen)[15][16] 2016
2017
Electricity only
(53 mi)
106 mpg-e
(31 kWh/100 mi)
113 mpg-e
(29 kWh/100 mi)/
99 mpg-e
(34 kWh/100 mi)
$1.01 $650 The 2016/17 Volt has a combined
gasoline/electricity rating of 77 mpg-e
(city 82 mpg-e/hwy 72 mpg-e).[8]
Regular gasoline.
Gasoline only 42 mpg 43 mpg/
42 mpg
$1.39
Hyundai Sonata PHEV[17] 2016 Electricity
and gasoline
(27 mi)
99mpg-e
(34 kWh/100 mi)
- $1.19 $700 During the first 27 mi uses some gasoline.
The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 27 mi.[17]
Gasoline only 40 mpg - $1.28
Chevrolet Volt (1st gen)[18][19] 2013
2014
2015
Electricity only
(38 mi)
98 mpg-e
(35 kWh/100 mi)
- $1.01 $650 The 2013/15 Volt has a combined
gasoline/electricity rating of 62 mpg-e
(city 63 mpg-e/hwy 61 mpg-e).[11]
Premium gasoline.
Gasoline only 37 mpg 35 mpg/
40 mpg
$1.21
Ford Fusion Energi[20] 2017 Electricity
and gasoline
(22 mi)
97 mpg-e
(35 kW-h/100 mi)
- $1.14 $700 The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 21 mi.[20]
Gasoline only 42 mpg - $1.21
Toyota Prius PHV[21] 2012
2013
2014
2015
Electricity
and gasoline
(11 mi)
95 mpg-e
(29 kWh/100 mi
plus 0.2 gallons/100 mi)
- $1.03 $600 After the first 11 miles the car
functions like a regular Prius hybrid
The 2012/15 Prius has a combined
gasoline/electricity rating of 58 mpg-e
(city 59 mpg-e/hwy 56 mpg-e).[11]
Gasoline only 50 mpg 51 mpg/
49 mpg
$1.02
Chevrolet Volt[22] 2011
2012
Electricity only 94 mpg-e
(36 kWh/100 mi)
95 mpg-e
(36 kWh/100 mi)/
93 mpg-e
(37 kWh/100 mi)
$1.17 $800 Premium gasoline.
Gasoline only 37 mpg 35 mpg/
40 mpg
$1.70
Ford C-Max Energi[23]

Ford Fusion Energi[23]
2013
2014
2015
2016
Electricity
and gasoline
(20 mi)
88 mpg-e
(37 kWh/100 mi)
95 mpg‑e (35 kW⋅h/100 mi)/
81 mpg‑e (42 kW⋅h/100 mi)
$1.25 $750 The Energi did not use any gasoline
for the first 20 miles in EPA tests,
but depending on the driving style,
the car may use both gasoline
and electricity during EV mode.
The Energi models have a combined
EV/hybrid operation rating of 51 mpg-e
(city 55 mpg-e/hwy 46 mpg-e).[11]
Gasoline only 38 mpg 40 mpg/
36 mpg
$1.34
Audi A3 e-tron ultra[24] 2016 Electricity only
(17 mi)
86 mpg-e
(38 kWh/100 mi)
- $1.37 $900 During the first 17 mi uses some gasoline.
The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 17 mi.[24]
Gasoline only 39 mpg - $1.61
Cadillac ELR[25] 2014
2015
Electricity only
(37 mi)
82 mpg-e
(41 kWh/100 mi)
- $1.33 $900 The 2014/15 ELR has a combined
gasoline/electricity rating of 54 mpg-e
(city 54 mpg-e/hwy 55 mpg-e).[11]
Gasoline only 33 mpg 31 mpg/
35 mpg
$1.90
Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid[26] 2017 Electricity only
(33 mi)
84 mpg-e
(40 kWh/100 mi)
- $1.73 $900 During the first 33 mi uses some gasoline.
The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 33 mi.[26]
Gasoline only 32 mpg - $1.83
Audi A3 e-tron[24] 2016 Electricity only
(16 mi)
83 mpg-e
(40 kWh/100 mi)
- $1.49 $950 During the first 16 mi uses some gasoline.
The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 16 mi.[24]
Gasoline only 35 mpg - $1.79
BMW i8[9][27] 2014
2015
2016
Electricity
and
gasoline
(15 mi)
76 mpg-e
(43 kWh/100 mi)
- $1.77 $1,150 The i8 does not run on 100% electricity
as it consumes 0.1 gallons per 100 mi
in EV mode (all-electric range = 0 mi)
The i8 has a rating for combined EV/hybrid
operation of 37 mpg-e.[13]
Gasoline only 28 mpg 28 mpg/
29 mpg
$2.24
BMW 330e[28] 2016 Electricity
and gasoline
(14 mi)
72 mpg-e
(47 kWh/100 mi)
- $1.74 $1,050 During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline.
The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 14 mi.[28]
Premium gasoline.
Gasoline only 31 mpg - $2.02
Porsche 918 Spyder[9][29] 2015 Electricity only
(12 mi)
67 mpg-e
(50 kWh/100 mi)
- $1.62 $1,500 Premium gasoline.
Gasoline only 22 mpg 20 mpg/
24 mpg
$2.85
BMW 740e iPerformance[30] 2017 Electricity only
(14 mi)
64 mpg-e
(52 kWh/100 mi)
- $2.03 $1,350 During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline.
The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 14 mi.[30]
Gasoline only 27 mpg - $2.48
BMW X5 xDrive40e[31] 2016 Electricity only
(14 mi)
56 mpg-e
(59 kWh/100 mi)
- $2.23 $1,450 During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline.
The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 14 mi.[31]
Gasoline only 24 mpg - $2.61
Mercedes-Benz S 500 e[32] 2015 Electricity
and gasoline
(14 mi)
58 mpg-e
(59 kWh/100 mi)
- $2.13 $1,350 During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline.
The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 12 mi.[32]
Premium gasoline.
Gasoline only 26 mpg - $2.41
Fisker Karma[33] 2012 Electricity only
(33 mi)
54 mpg-e
(62 kWh/100 mi)
- $2.02 $1,450 Premium gasoline.
Gasoline only 20 mpg 20 mpg/
21 mpg
$3.14
Volvo XC90 T8[34] 2016 Electricity
and gasoline
(14 mi)
53 mpg-e
(58 kWh/100 mi)
- $2.19 $1,400 During the first 14 mi uses some gasoline.
The actual all-electric range is between 0 to 13 mi.[34]
Premium gasoline.
Gasoline only 25 mpg - $2.51
Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid[35] 2016 Electricity
and gasoline
(16 mi)
51 mpg-e
(51 kWh/100 mi)
- $2.15 $1,350 The all-electric range is between 0 to 15 mi
Premium gasoline.
Gasoline only 25 mpg 23 mpg/
29 mpg
$2.51
Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid[35] 2014
2015
Electricity
and gasoline
(16 mi)
50 mpg-e
(52 kWh/100 mi)
- $2.18 $1,400 The all-electric range is between 0 to 15 mi
The S E-Hybrid has a rating for combined
EV/hybrid operation of 31 mpg-e.[13]
Gasoline only 25 mpg 23 mpg/
29 mpg
$2.51
Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid[9][36] 2015
2016
Electricity
and gasoline
(14 mi)
47 mpg-e
(69 kWh/100 mi)
- $2.24 $1,550 Premium gasoline.
Gasoline only 22 mpg 21 mpg/
24 mpg
$2.85
McLaren P1[9][37] 2014
2015
Electricity
and gasoline
(19 mi)
18 mpg-e
(25 kWh/100 mi)
- $3.79 $2,200 The P1 does not run on 100% electricity
as it consumes 4.8 gallons per 100 mi
in EV mode (all-electric range = 0 mi)[37]
The P1 has a rating for combined EV/hybrid
operation of 17 mpg-e.[13]
Gasoline only 17 mpg 16 mpg/
20 mpg
$3.69
2016 Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen)[4] 2016 Gasoline-electric
hybrid
56 mpg 58 mpg/
53 mpg
$0.91 $550 Most fuel efficient hybrid electric car.[2]
Ford Fusion AWD 2.0L[2][38]
(Average new vehicle)
2016 Gasoline only 25 mpg 22 mpg/
31 mpg
$2.04 $1,200 Other 2016 MY cars achieving 25 mpg combined
city/hwy include the Honda Accord 3.5L,
Toyota Camry 3.5L and Toyota RAV4 2.5L.[2][38]
Notes: (1) Based on 45% highway and 55% city driving. Electricity cost of US$0.13/kWh, premium gasoline price of US$2.51 per gallon (used by the 2015 Volt, i3 REx, ELR, i8, Mercedes S500e, Karma and all Porsche models), and regular gasoline price of US$2.04 per gallon (as of 18 December 2015[update]). Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kWh.

References

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