President pro tempore of Mercosur
Highest representative of Mercosur
| President pro tempore of Mercosur | |
|---|---|
| Presidente pro tempore do Mercosul (Portuguese) Presidente pro tempore de Mercosur (Spanish) | |
 Flag of Mercosur in Spanish and Portuguese | |
| Style | Mr. President (informal) The Most Excellent (formal) His Excellency (alternative formal, diplomatic) |
| Term length | Approximately 6 months |
| Constituting instrument | Treaty of Asunción |
| Inaugural holder | Carlos Menem |
| Website | www |
The President pro tempore of Mercosur (PPT) is the highest legal-political representative pro tempore of the Southern Common Market (Mercosul). The office is held for a six-month period by a head of State of one of the State members. It is alternated, in alphabetical order, among the presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela (suspended from the organization).
The ceremonial mallet given to the holders of President pro tempore of Mercosur is a handicraft gavel, which is given to every new holder.[1][2]
State members
President of Argentina
President of Brazil
President of Paraguay
President of Uruguay
President of Venezuela (suspended)[3]
List
| No. | Portrait | President | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Carlos Menem (1930–2021) | 29 November 1991 (1991-11-29) | 1 July 1992 (1992-07-01) | 215 days |  Argentina |
| 2 |  | Fernando Collor (born 1939) | 1 July 1992 (1992-07-01) | 1 January 1993 (1993-01-01) | 184 days |  Brazil |
| 3 |  | Andrés Rodríguez (1923–1997) | 1 January 1993 (1993-01-01) | 1 July 1993 (1993-07-01) | 181 days |  Paraguay |
| 4 |  | Luis Alberto Lacalle (born 1941) | 1 July 1993 (1993-07-01) | 1 January 1994 (1994-01-01) | 184 days |  Uruguay |
| 5 | | Carlos Menem (1930–2021) | 1 January 1994 (1994-01-01) | 1 July 1994 (1994-07-01) | 181 days | Argentina |
| 6 |  | Itamar Franco (1929–2011) | 1 July 1994 (1994-07-01) | 1 January 1995 (1995-01-01) | 184 days | Brazil |
| 7 |  | Juan Carlos Wasmosy (born 1938) | 1 January 1995 (1995-01-01) | 1 July 1995 (1995-07-01) | 181 days | Paraguay |
| 8 |  | Julio María Sanguinetti (born 1936) | 1 July 1995 (1995-07-01) | 1 January 1996 (1996-01-01) | 184 days | Uruguay |
| 9 | | Carlos Menem (1930–2021) | 1 January 1996 (1996-01-01) | 1 July 1996 (1996-07-01) | 0 days | Argentina |
| 10 |  | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (born 1931) | 1 July 1996 (1996-07-01) | 1 January 1997 (1997-01-01) | 184 days | Brazil |
| 11 | | Juan Carlos Wasmosy (born 1938) | 1 January 1997 (1997-01-01) | 1 July 1997 (1997-07-01) | 181 days | Paraguay |
| 12 | | Julio María Sanguinetti (born 1936) | 1 July 1997 (1997-07-01) | 1 January 1998 (1998-01-01) | 184 days | Uruguay |
| 13 | | Carlos Menem (1930–2021) | 1 January 1998 (1998-01-01) | 1 July 1998 (1998-07-01) | 181 days | Argentina |
| 14 | | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (born 1931) | 1 July 1998 (1998-07-01) | 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01) | 184 days | Brazil |
| 15 |  | Raúl Cubas Grau (born 1943) | 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01) | 28 March 1999 (1999-03-28) | 86 days | Paraguay |
| 16 | | Luis González Macchi (born 1947) | 28 March 1999 (1999-03-28) | 1 July 1999 (1999-07-01) | 95 days | Paraguay |
| 17 | | Julio María Sanguinetti (born 1936) | 1 July 1999 (1999-07-01) | 1 January 2000 (2000-01-01) | 184 days | Uruguay |
| 18 |  | Fernando de la Rúa (1937–2019) | 1 January 2000 (2000-01-01) | 1 July 2000 (2000-07-01) | 182 days | Argentina |
| 19 | | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (born 1931) | 1 July 2000 (2000-07-01) | 1 January 2001 (2001-01-01) | 184 days | Brazil |
| 20 | | Luis González Macchi (born 1947) | 1 January 2001 (2001-01-01) | 1 July 2001 (2001-07-01) | 181 days | Paraguay |
| 21 |  | Jorge Batlle (1927–2016) | 1 July 2001 (2001-07-01) | 1 January 2002 (2002-01-01) | 184 days | Uruguay |
| 22 |  | Eduardo Duhalde (born 1941) | 1 January 2002 (2002-01-01) | 1 July 2002 (2002-07-01) | 181 days | Argentina |
| 23 | | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (born 1931) | 1 July 2002 (2002-07-01) | 1 January 2003 (2003-01-01) | 184 days | Brazil |
| 24 | | Luis González Macchi (born 1947) | 1 January 2003 (2003-01-01) | 1 July 2003 (2003-07-01) | 181 days | Paraguay |
| 25 | | Jorge Batlle (1927–2016) | 1 July 2003 (2003-07-01) | 1 January 2004 (2004-01-01) | 184 days | Uruguay |
| 26 |  | Néstor Kirchner (1950–2010) | 1 January 2004 (2004-01-01) | 1 July 2004 (2004-07-01) | 182 days | Argentina |
| 27 |  | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born 1945) | 1 July 2004 (2004-07-01) | 1 January 2005 (2005-01-01) | 174 days | Brazil |
| 28 |  | Nicanor Duarte (born 1956) | 1 January 2005 (2005-01-01) | 20 June 2005 (2005-06-20) | 170 days | Paraguay |
| 29 |  | Tabaré Vázquez (1940–2020) | 20 June 2005 (2005-06-20) | 9 December 2005 (2005-12-09) | 172 days | Uruguay |
| 30 | | Néstor Kirchner (1950–2010) | 9 December 2005 (2005-12-09) | 21 July 2006 (2006-07-21) | 224 days | Argentina |
| 31 |  | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born 1945) | 21 July 2006 (2006-07-21) | 19 January 2007 (2007-01-19) | 182 days | Brazil |
| 32 | | Nicanor Duarte (born 1956) | 19 January 2007 (2007-01-19) | 29 June 2007 (2007-06-29) | 161 days | Paraguay |
| 33 | | Tabaré Vázquez (1940–2020) | 29 June 2007 (2007-06-29) | 18 December 2007 (2007-12-18) | 172 days | Uruguay |
| 34 |  | Cristina Kirchner (born 1953) | 18 December 2007 (2007-12-18) | 1 July 2008 (2008-07-01) | 196 days | Argentina |
| 35 | | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born 1945) | 1 July 2008 (2008-07-01) | 16 December 2008 (2008-12-16) | 168 days | Brazil |
| 36 |  | Fernando Lugo (born 1951) | 16 December 2008 (2008-12-16) | 24 July 2009 (2009-07-24) | 220 days | Paraguay |
| 37 | | Tabaré Vázquez (1940–2020) | 24 July 2009 (2009-07-24) | 8 December 2009 (2009-12-08) | 137 days | Uruguay |
| 38 | | Cristina Kirchner (born 1953) | 8 December 2009 (2009-12-08) | 3 August 2010 (2010-08-03) | 238 days | Argentina |
| 39 | | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born 1945) | 3 August 2010 (2010-08-03) | 17 December 2010 (2010-12-17) | 136 days | Brazil |
| 40 | | Fernando Lugo (born 1951) | 17 December 2010 (2010-12-17) | 29 June 2011 (2011-06-29) | 194 days | Paraguay |
| 41 |  | José Mujica (born 1935) | 29 June 2011 (2011-06-29) | 20 December 2011 (2011-12-20) | 174 days | Uruguay |
| 42 | | Cristina Kirchner (born 1953) | 20 December 2011 (2011-12-20) | 29 June 2012 (2012-06-29) | 192 days | Argentina |
| 43 |  | Dilma Rousseff (born 1947) | 29 June 2012 (2012-06-29) | 7 December 2012 (2012-12-07) | 161 days | Brazil |
| 44 | | José Mujica (born 1935) | 7 December 2012 (2012-12-07) | 12 July 2013 (2013-07-12) | 217 days | Uruguay |
| 45 |  | Nicolás Maduro (born 1962) | 12 July 2013 (2013-07-12) | 29 July 2014 (2014-07-29) | 1 year, 17 days |  Venezuela |
| 46 | | Cristina Kirchner (born 1953) | 29 July 2014 (2014-07-29) | 17 December 2014 (2014-12-17) | 141 days | Argentina |
| 47 | | Dilma Rousseff (born 1947) | 17 December 2014 (2014-12-17) | 17 July 2015 (2015-07-17) | 212 days | Brazil |
| 48 |  | Horacio Cartes (born 1956) | 17 July 2015 (2015-07-17) | 21 December 2015 (2015-12-21) | 157 days | Paraguay |
| 49 | | Tabaré Vázquez (1940–2020) | 21 December 2015 (2015-12-21) | 29 July 2016 (2016-07-29) | 221 days | Uruguay |
| – | | Joint presidency[a] Acting | 13 September 2016 (2016-09-13) | 14 December 2016 (2016-12-14) | 92 days | Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay |
| 50 |  | Mauricio Macri (born 1959) | 14 December 2016 (2016-12-14) | 21 July 2017 (2017-07-21) | 219 days | Argentina |
| 51 |  | Michel Temer (born 1940) | 21 July 2017 (2017-07-21) | 21 December 2017 (2017-12-21) | 153 days | Brazil |
| 52 | | Horacio Cartes (born 1956) | 21 December 2017 (2017-12-21) | 18 June 2018 (2018-06-18) | 179 days | Paraguay |
| 53 | | Tabaré Vázquez (1940–2020) | 18 June 2018 (2018-06-18) | 18 December 2018 (2018-12-18) | 183 days | Uruguay |
| 54 | | Mauricio Macri (born 1959) | 18 December 2018 (2018-12-18) | 17 July 2019 (2019-07-17) | 211 days | Argentina |
| 55 |  | Jair Bolsonaro (born 1955) | 17 July 2019 (2019-07-17) | 5 December 2019 (2019-12-05) | 141 days | Brazil |
| 56 |  | Mario Abdo Benítez (born 1971) | 5 December 2019 (2019-12-05) | 2 July 2020 (2020-07-02) | 210 days | Paraguay |
| 57 |  | Luis Lacalle Pou (born 1973) | 2 July 2020 (2020-07-02) | 16 December 2020 (2020-12-16) | 167 days | Uruguay |
| 58 |  | Alberto Fernández (born 1959) | 16 December 2020 (2020-12-16) | 8 July 2021 (2021-07-08) | 204 days | Argentina |
| 59 | | Jair Bolsonaro (born 1955) | 8 July 2021 (2021-07-08) | 17 December 2021 (2021-12-17) | 162 days | Brazil |
| 60 | | Mario Abdo Benítez (born 1971) | 17 December 2021 (2021-12-17) | 21 July 2022 (2022-07-21) | 216 days | Paraguay |
| 61 | | Luis Lacalle Pou (born 1973) | 21 July 2022 (2022-07-21) | 6 December 2022 (2022-12-06) | 138 days | Uruguay |
| 62 | | Alberto Fernández (born 1959) | 6 December 2022 (2022-12-06) | 4 July 2023 (2023-07-04) | 210 days | Argentina |
| 63 |  | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born 1945) | 4 July 2023 (2023-07-04) | 7 December 2023 (2023-12-07) | 156 days | Brazil |
| 64 |  | Santiago Peña (born 1978) | 7 December 2023 (2023-12-07) | Incumbent | 142 days | Paraguay |
Notes
- ^ Venezuelan Foreign Minister Delcy Rodríguez, appointed by Nicolás Maduro as representative for the presidency, was blocked from assuming office by the others State members. Venezuela was later suspended from the organization on 1 December 2016.[4][5]
References
- ^ "Mujica assume presidência do Mercosul e diz que "fará o possível"". Terra (in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 December 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ "Em cúpula, Brasil passa ao Uruguai presidência do Mercosul". ExpressoMT (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ "Países do Mercosul". Mercosul (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ "Governo da Venezuela se declara presidente pro tempore do Mercosul". Agência Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 August 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ "Uruguai encerra presidência do Mercosul sem anunciar transferência". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
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(Southern Common Market)
| Full Members | |
|---|---|
| Associated States |
- President pro tempore
- Parliament
