Principality of Mingrelia
1557–1867 feudal state in Georgia
Principality of Mingrelia სამეგრელოს სამთავრო | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1557–1867 | |||||||||
  Flag (1560s according to Diogo Homem) and 18th century flag according to Vakhushti  18th century coat of arms according to Vakhushti | |||||||||
 Principality of Mingrelia after the dissolution of Georgia | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Status | Vassal of the Russian Empire (1803–1867) | ||||||||
| Capital | Zugdidi 42°34′30″N 41°40′40″E / 42.57500°N 41.67778°E / 42.57500; 41.67778 | ||||||||
| Common languages | Mingrelian, Georgian, Abkhazian(before 1431)[1][2] | ||||||||
| Religion | Georgian Orthodox, Islam(only Abkhazians, until 1431)[3][4] | ||||||||
| Government | Principality | ||||||||
| Prince (Mtavari) | |||||||||
• 1533–1572 (first) | Levan I Dadiani | ||||||||
• 1853–1867 (last) | Niko I Dadiani | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1557 | ||||||||
• Annexation by Imperial Russia | January 4, 1867 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Principality of Mingrelia (Georgian: სამეგრელოს სამთავრო, romanized: samegrelos samtavro), also known as Odishi and as Samegrelo, was a historical state in Georgia ruled by the Dadiani dynasty.
History
The principality emerged out of a non-aggression pact and an ensuing treaty signed by Konstantine II of Kartli, Alexandre of Kakhetia, and Qvarqvare II, atabag of Samtshke, which divided Georgia into three kingdoms and a number of principalities.[5] Mingrelia was established as an independent Principality in 1557 with Levan I Dadiani serving as a hereditary mtavari (Prince). It remained independent until it became a subject to Imperial Russia in 1803.[6] This came after it signed a patronage treaty with the Russian Empire,[7] which was concluded in return for Russian protection against the harassment of Mingrelia's more powerful neighbors, Imeretia and Abkhazia.[8] The principality ultimately came to an end when Prince Niko I Dadiani was deposed, and the principality abolished, by Russia in 1867. Prince Niko officially renounced his rights to the throne in 1868 and the state became a Russian district until 1917.[7]
See also
References
- ^ Ачугба, Т. А. (2010). ЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ АБХАЗОВ XIX – XX вв. Сухум: Академия Наук Абхазии. p. 155.
- ^ "Т. А. Ачугба. Этническая история абхазов XIX – XX вв. Этнополитические и миграционные аспекты. Глава I". apsnyteka.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
- ^ Ачугба, Т. А. (2010). ЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ АБХАЗОВ XIX – XX вв. Сухум: Академия Наук Абхазии. p. 155.
- ^ "Т. А. Ачугба. Этническая история абхазов XIX – XX вв. Этнополитические и миграционные аспекты. Глава I". apsnyteka.org. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
- ^ Rayfield, Donald (2013). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books. p. 162. ISBN 9781780230306.
- ^ "Mingrelia". The Columbia Encyclopedia (Sixth ed.).
- ^ a b Minahan, James B. (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 272. ISBN 9781610699532.
- ^ Saparov, Arsène (27 August 2014). From Conflict to Autonomy in the Caucasus: The Soviet Union and the Making of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno Karabakh. Oxon: Routledge. p. 18. ISBN 9780415658027.
Further reading
- Akopyan, A. V. (2016). "More about the very rare Georgian coins from Megrelia with the mintname Dadiyan" (PDF). Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society. 226: 9–11. ISSN 1818-1252.
Historical regions of Georgia | ||
|---|---|---|
| Abkhazia |  | |
| Adjara | ||
| Guria |
| |
| Imereti | ||
| Kakheti | ||
| Kvemo Kartli | ||
| Mtskheta-Mtianeti | ||
| Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti | ||
| Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti | ||
| Shida Kartli |
| |
| Tao-Klarjeti | ||
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