Professor Aristóteles Orsini Planetarium
The Professor Aristóteles Orsini Planetarium (Portuguese: Planetário Professor Aristóteles Orsini),[1] also known as the Ibirapuera Planetarium (Portuguese: Planetário do Ibirapuera),[2] is a planetarium in Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo. It opened in January 1957, and was the first planetarium in Brazil and Latin America.[1][3] It is one of three planetaria in São Paulo, with the others being Carmo Planetarium[2] and the Johannes Kepler Planetarium at Sabina Escola Parque do Conhecimento.
History
The planetarium was proposed in 1951 by Aristóteles Orsini, then director of the Associação dos Amadores de Astronomia de São Paulo, as part of the 400th anniversary celebrations of the foundation of São Paulo. A Zeiss projector was then purchased, at a cost of ₢$3,000,000 (including transportation; 1952 values), arriving at the Port of Santos by 29 May 1952. Also in 1952, Orsini was commissioned to study the installation of the projector in a planetarium in the city, for which he visited Urania Sternwarte, Switzerland, and interned at the planetarium at Palais de la Découverte, Paris; he then recommended the creation of a science Museum in the same style as that in Paris, with the planetarium attached, which was never realised.[1]
The architects of the final building were Antonio Carlos, Eduardo Corona and Roberto G. Tibau Pitombo, and was constructed by Construtora Politécnica Ltda.[4][5]
By the time of the 400th anniversary, the planetarium was still being constructed, and the projector was being held by customs in Santos; it wasn't released until June 1955, when it was subsequently placed into storage in Viveiro Manequinho Lopes in Ibirapuera Park. By the end of 1956 the construction of the building was completed, three years behind the initial schedule. This delay caused the cost of the originally-planned metal dome to soar from ₢$700,000 to ₢$5,000,000 due to exchange rate fluctuations, far in excess of the budget for it. As a result, José Carlos Figueiredo Ferraz designed and installed a concrete projection dome instead, which was the first time such material had been used for this type of structure.[1]
The planetarium opened on 26 January 1957, at which time it was the only planetarium in Brazil; it was opened by Orsini, who subsequently led the initial operation of the planetarium, at the invitation of Maury de Freitas Julião and Wladimir de Toledo Pizza Sobrinho.[1]
The historical building is recorded by the Conselho Municipal de Preservação do Patrimônio Histórico, Cultural e Ambiental da Cidade de São Paulo (Conpresp; 1997) and Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico (Condephaat; 1992).[1]
It closed in 1995–1997.[6] In 1999 the building was closed by structural problems[1] resulting in a roof leak,[5] as well as a termite infestation.[3] It was restored at a cost of R$9.6 million,[6] re-opening on 22 September 2006.[3] During the restoration, led by Carl Zeiss AG, modern projectors were installed.[5]
The planetarium closed in May 2013 for renovation after a lightning strike damaged the projector. It reopened on 24 January 2016, a day before the city's anniversary.[2][6]
Planetarium
The planetarium uses a Starmaster projector, manufactured by Carl Zeiss AG, which was installed in 2006 to replace the original Universarium III purchased in 1952. 44 additional projectors are also used.[3] The projection dome has a capacity of 300 people, with a circular arrangement of reclining seats and projection at the top of the dome.[1] The dome spans 18 metres (59 ft),[2][7] and is on one floor[4] with a mezzanine.[3] The metal and concrete half-dome is surrounded by a yellow disk, and the interior is made of wood.[5]
Planetarium shows last 30 minutes. The planetarium is open to pre-arranged school visits on Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays. It opens to the general public on Saturdays, Sundays, some holidays, and some weekdays in summer months via a ticket system, with 256 tickets available to the general public and 52 tickets reserved for disabled, pregnant, elderly or obese people and companions,[1] with seven wheelchair spaces.[7] In the 1990s it received around 350,000 visitors per year.[3]
The planetarium is located around 5 minutes walk from the pedestrian Gate 10 of Ibirapuera Park,[1] and is near to car parking at Gate 3.[7]
Municipal School of Astronomy
Adjacent to the planetarium is the Municipal School of Astronomy (Portuguese: Escola Municipal de Astrofísica Professor Aristóteles Orsini). It opened in January 1961 to teach astronomy courses, due to demand from the planetarium, which opened four years earlier. It has three classrooms, as well as a 100-seat auditorium. Courses range from introductory astronomy; solar system astronomy; stellar evolution; and cosmology. There is also an exhibition room, a reading room, and a telescope-building room.[8]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Funcionamento – Portal da Prefeitura da Cidade de São Paulo". www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ a b c d "Planetário do Ibirapuera é reaberto após quase 3 anos fechado para obras". Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "Planetário Professor Aristóteles Orsini – Sao Paulo Picture | Sao Paulo Informer". Sao Paulo Informer. 5 December 2016.
- ^ a b "Arquivo Arq – Planetário do Ibirapuera". Arquivo Arq.
- ^ a b c d "Aristóteles Orsini Planetarium, Sao Paulo – Architecture Revived". www.architecturerevived.com. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
- ^ a b c "Planetário do Ibirapuera será reaberto no domingo; veja horários de sessões – 22/01/2016 – Cotidiano – Folha de S.Paulo". www1.folha.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). 22 January 2016.
- ^ a b c "Planetário Professor Aristóteles Orsini". Parque do Ibirapuera (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 1 January 2016.
- ^ "Escola Municipal de Astrofísica – EMA – Portal da Prefeitura da Cidade de São Paulo". www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2016-12-19.
- v
- t
- e
landmarks
- Bandeirantes TV Tower
- Beco do Pinto
- Latin America Memorial
- Marco Zero
- Monument to the Bandeiras
- Monument to the Independence of Brazil
- Monument to Ramos de Azevedo
- Obelisk of São Paulo
- Octávio Frias de Oliveira Bridge
- Altino Arantes Building
- Brazil Stock Exchange
- Butantã's House
- Centro Comercial Aricanduva
- Centro Empresarial Nações Unidas
- Conjunto Nacional
- Copan Building
- Itália Building
- Iguatemi São Paulo
- Júlio Prestes Station
- Luz Station
- Mappin Building
- Martinelli Building
- Matarazzo Building
- Municipal Market
- Bandeirantes Palace
- São Pedro Theater
- Municipal Theater
- List of tallest buildings
religious sites
- Basilica of the Most Blessed Sacrament
- Imaculado Coração de Maria Church
- Nossa Senhora da Consolação Church
- Nossa Senhora do Brasil Church
- Ordem Terceira do Carmo Church
- Orthodox Metropolitan Cathedral
- Pátio do Colégio
- Santo Antônio Church
- São Bento Monastery
- São Cristóvão Church
- São Paulo Brazil Temple
- São Paulo Cathedral
- Temple of Solomon
cultural institutions
- CAIXA Cultural São Paulo
- Carmo Planetarium
- Casa das Rosas
- Bank of Brazil Cultural Center
- Centro Cultural da Penha
- Centro Cultural e de Estudos Superiores Aúthos Pagano
- Ema Gordon Klabin Cultural Foundation
- Football Museum
- Immigration Museum
- Butantan Institute
- Mário de Andrade Library
- Museu Afro Brasil
- Museu Lasar Segall
- Museu Paulista (Ipiranga)
- São Paulo Museum of Art
- Museum of Art of the Parliament
- Museum of Contemporary Art
- Museum of Fine Arts
- Museum of Image and Sound
- Museum of Modern Art
- Museum of Sacred Art
- Museum of the Portuguese Language
- Oca Pavilion
- Industries Palace
- Pinacoteca do Estado
- Professor Aristóteles Orsini Planetarium
- Sala São Paulo
- Allianz Parque
- Anhembi Convention Center
- Anhembi Sambadrome
- Arena Corinthians
- Canindé Stadium
- Morumbi Stadium
- Ícaro de Castro Melo Stadium
- Nicolau Alayon Stadium
- Parque São Jorge Stadium
- Rua Javari Stadium
- Estádio Universitário São Paulo
- Ibirapuera Auditorium
- Pacaembu Stadium
- Via Funchal
- Vibra São Paulo
and districts
public squares
- Albert Löfgren State Park
- Beco do Batman
- Botanical Garden
- Cantareira State Park
- Cemitério da Consolação
- Ibirapuera Park
- Independence Park
- Jardim da Luz
- Largo da Batata
- Largo da Memória
- Parque do Carmo
- Parque Trianon
- People's Park
- Pico do Jaraguá
- Praça da República
- Praça da Sé
- Praça Roosevelt
- São Paulo Zoo
- Vale do Anhangabaú
- Viaduto do Chá
- Villa-Lobos State Park