Propiomazine

Legal statusLegal status Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailabilityOral: 33%^[2]Protein binding81%^[3]Elimination half-life9 hours^[2]IdentifiersCAS NumberPubChem CIDIUPHAR/BPSDrugBankChemSpiderUNIIKEGGChEBIChEMBLCompTox Dashboard (EPA)ECHA InfoCard100.006.043 Chemical and physical dataFormulaC₂₀H₂₄N₂OSMolar mass340.49 g·mol⁻¹3D model (JSmol)  (verify)

Propiomazine, sold under the brand name Propavan among others, is an antihistamine which is used to treat insomnia and to produce sedation and relieve anxiety before or during surgery or other procedures and in combination with analgesics as well as during labor.^{[4][additional citation(s) needed]} Propiomazine is a phenothiazine,^[4] but is not used therapeutically as a neuroleptic because it does not block dopamine receptors well.^{[citation needed]}

Medical uses

Propiomazine has been used in the treatment of insomnia.

Side effects

Drowsiness is a usual side effect. Rare, serious side effects include convulsions (seizures); difficult or unusually fast breathing; fast or irregular heartbeat or pulse; fever (high); high or low blood pressure; loss of bladder control; muscle stiffness (severe); unusual increase in sweating; unusually pale skin; and unusual tiredness or weakness.^{[citation needed]}

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Propiomazine is an antagonist of the dopamine D₁, D₂, and D₄ receptors, the serotonin 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2C receptors, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M₁, M₂, M₃, M₄, and M₅ receptors, α₁-adrenergic receptor, and histamine H₁ receptor.^{[citation needed]}

The antipsychotic effect of propiomazine is thought to be due to antagonism of the dopamine D₂ receptor and serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor,^[5] with greater activity at the 5-HT_2A receptor than at the D₂ receptor. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects with propiomazine. Propiomazine does not appear to block dopamine within the tuberoinfundibular pathway, which may explain its lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotics or risperidone.^{[additional citation(s) needed]}

Chemistry

Propiomazine, also known as 10-(2-dimethylaminopropyl)-2-propionylphenothiazine or as propionylpromethazine, is a phenothiazine derivative^[4] and is structurally related to promethazine. The compound is provided medically as the hydrochloride and maleate salts.^[6][4][7]

Society and culture

Brand names

Propiomazine has been sold under the brand names Dorevan, Dorévane, Indorm, Largon, Phenoctyl, Propavan, Propial, and Serentin.^[7][6]

Availability

In 2000, propiomazine continued to be marketed only in Sweden.^[6]

References