Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam

1969–1976 opposition government and state in South Vietnam
Republic of South Vietnam
Cộng hòa miền Nam Việt Nam (Vietnamese)
1969–1976
Flag of Viet Cong
Flag
Motto: Độc lập – Dân chủ – Hòa bình – Trung lập[1]
"Independence – Democracy – Peace – Neutrality"
Anthem: Giải phóng miền Nam
"Liberate the South"
Republic of South Vietnam (dark green) after the Fall of Saigon.
Republic of South Vietnam (dark green) after the Fall of Saigon.
StatusUnderground government in opposition to the Republic of Vietnam (1969–1975)
Associated state of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1975–1976)
CapitalTây Ninh (1969–1972)
Lộc Ninh (1972–1973)
Cam Lộ (1973–1975)
Saigon – Gia Dinh (1975–1976)
Common languagesVietnamese
Religion
Vietnamese folk religion
Buddhism
Caodaism
Catholicism
Demonym(s)South Vietnamese
GovernmentUnitary Marxist–Leninist transitional government
Chairman of the Consultative Council 
• 1969–1976
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
Chairman of government 
• 1969–1976
Huỳnh Tấn Phát
LegislaturePeople's Assembly
Historical era
• Government formed
8 June 1969
30 April 1975
2 July 1976
Area
1975173,809 km2 (67,108 sq mi)
CurrencyLiberation dong
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Republic of Vietnam
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Today part ofVietnam
Part of a series on the
History of Vietnam
Paleolithic
Sơn Vi culture 20,000 BC–12,000 BC
Mesolithic
Hoabinhian 12,000 BC–10,000 BC
Neolithic
Bắc Sơn culture 10,000 BC–8,000 BC
Quỳnh Văn culture 8,000 BC–6,000 BC
Đa Bút culture 4,000 BC–3,000 BC
Ancient
Hồng Bàng dynasty 2879 BC–258 BC
Thục dynasty 257 BC–179 BC
Triệu dynasty 204 BC–111 BC
Dynastic
Ngô dynasty 939–965
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords 965–968
Đinh dynasty 968–980
Early Lê dynasty 980–1009
Later Lý dynasty 1009–1225
Trần dynasty 1225–1400
Hồ dynasty 1400–1407
4th Chinese domination 1407–1427
Later Lê dynasty 1428–1527
Mạc dynasty 1527–1592
Later Lê Restoration 1533–1789
Tây Sơn dynasty 1778–1802
Nguyễn dynasty 1802–1945
Colonial
French Cochinchina 1862–1945 / 1945–1949
French Annam 1883–1945 / 1945–1948
French Tonkin 1883–1945 / 1946–1948
French Indochina 1887–1945 / 1945–1954
Empire of Vietnam 1945
Republic
North Vietnam
(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
1945–1976
Provisional Central Government 1948–1949
State of Vietnam 1949–1955
North–South division 1954–1976
South Vietnam
(Republic of Vietnam)
1955–1975
Provisional Revolutionary Government
(Republic of South Vietnam)
1969–1976
Socialist Republic of Vietnam1976–present
Timeline
flag Vietnam portal
  • v
  • t
  • e

The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG, Vietnamese: Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Cộng hòa miền Nam Việt Nam), was formed on June 8, 1969, by North Vietnam as a purportedly independent shadow government that opposed the government of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and then as a de facto country after the Fall of Saigon with the name Republic of South Vietnam (Vietnamese: Cộng hòa miền Nam Việt Nam) from 30 April 1975 to 2 July 1976. Delegates of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (the Viet Cong), as well as several smaller groups, participated in its creation.

The PRG was recognized as the government of South Vietnam by most socialist states and Malta.[2] It signed the 1973 Paris Peace Treaty as an independent entity, that was separate from both South Vietnam and North Vietnam. It formally replaced the Republic of Vietnam to become the nominal government of South Vietnam as the Republic of South Vietnam following the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. On 2 July 1976, the Republic of South Vietnam and North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

History

The Provisional Revolutionary Government was preceded by the Vietnam Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peaceful Forces (VANDPF)[3][failed verification – see discussion] made up of anti-government forces and headed by Trinh Dinh Thao.[4] The Alliance was a collection of individuals who wanted a new South Vietnamese government but disagreed with the ever-present Northern Communist presence.[citation needed]

There had been talk of setting up an Alliance as early as 1966, but this was halted when South Vietnamese intelligence operatives arrested an influential anti-government organizer, Ba Tra. Ba Tra gave the South Vietnamese government extensive information on anti-government forces working in the city.[5] This setback was compounded by his identification of one of the key cadre in the financial division.[5]

Under torture, Ba Tra identified more figures in the underground, who were then arrested. By 1967, the entire Saigon organization had been sent further underground.[6] The Tet Offensive during 1968 triggered a wave of oppression, forcing many people into the forests and mountains. These people – businessmen, middle class, doctors and other professionals – started The Alliance.

The then-new American president, Richard Nixon, started a process of Vietnamization to allow the American Armed Forces to withdraw from Vietnam. One of the tenets of Vietnamization was responsible government in South Vietnam. To prevent the Americans from installing their own government, a conference was held on June 6–8, 1969, off Route 22 in Cambodia's Fishhook region.[7]

1969–1975

The Alliance as well as other groups[which?] met and formed the Provisional Revolutionary Government on June 8, 1969. According to Justice Minister Trương Như Tảng, the new group's main purpose was to help the Vietcong "acquire a new international stature."[8]

There were delegates from the Vietcong, the VANDPF, the People's Revolutionary Party (the South Vietnamese communist party) and "the usual assortment of mass organizations, ethnic groups, and geopolitical regions."[7] Banners displayed prominently at the convention proclaimed that "South Vietnam is independent, democratic, peaceful, and neutral".[7]

The PRG reflected a number of nationalist, anti-imperialist and communist political viewpoints[citation needed], including those of the Vietnam Workers Party (the North Vietnamese communist party).[citation needed] Following the military and political results of the 1968 Tet Offensive and related military offensives in the South by Saigon and America, in which the Vietcong suffered serious military losses, the PRG was envisioned as a political counter-force that could influence international public opinion in support of reunification and in opposition to the United States and South Vietnam.[8]

The declared purpose of the PRG was to provide a formal governmental structure to the Vietcong and enhance its claim of representing "the Southern people".[9] Included in this strategy was the pursuit of a negotiated settlement to the war leading to reunification, organized during the initial phase of Vietnamization.

During the period 1969–70, most of the PRG's cabinet ministries operated near the Cambodian border. Starting on March 29 to late April 1970, the US and South Vietnamese offensives forced the PRG to flee deeper into Cambodia. The stressful escape caused many of the PRG officials (such as Trương Như Tạng) to need extensive medical furloughs. After Trương Như Tạng returned, he noticed that new cadres from the north were causing problems for the non-communist members of the PRG.[10] One member in particular, Ba Cap, harshly denounced most of the PRG as bourgeois.[11] Tạng complained to the higher members of the North Vietnamese government, but was rebuffed. Tạng later saw this as the point when the PRG turned from being an independent South Vietnam-based alternative government to being a mouthpiece for Northern Vietnamese communists.[12]

The central bodies of the PRG functioned as a provisional government. The PRG maintained diplomatic relations with many countries of the Non-Aligned Movement, such as Algeria and SFR Yugoslavia[13] as well as with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.

1975–1976

After the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, the PRG assumed power in the South Vietnam and subsequently participated in the reunification of Vietnam.

According to professor Long Vinh Ngo (University of Maine), mid-July 1975, the delegates of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (Nguyễn Văn Lưu) and the Republic of South Vietnam (Đinh Bá Thi) applied to join the United Nations as two independent member states. On 11 August 1975, the United Nations Security Council introduced a referendum on reunification, which passed. North Vietnam and South Vietnam eventually reunited on 2 July 1976.

Culture

Music

The national anthem of the Government was Liberate the South (Vietnamese: Giải phóng miền Nam). The song was written in 1961 by Lưu Hữu Phước (1921–1989) and adopted at that time as the anthem of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (Viet Cong).

In 1966, Lưu Hữu Phước wrote a military song March on Saigon [vi] (Tiến về Sài Gòn) as a propaganda to encourage the soldiers going to attack in Saigon in the Tet Offensive. The song was spread again during the fall of Saigon.

Photos

Cabinet

Post Name Took office Left office Party
Chairman of Consultative Council (Head of State) Nguyễn Hữu Thọ 6 June 1969 2 July 1976 People's Revolutionary Party and Democratic Party of Vietnam
Chairman of Government (Prime Minister and de facto leader) Huỳnh Tấn Phát 8 June 1969 2 July 1976 People's Revolutionary Party and Democratic Party of Vietnam
Vice-chairman Phung Van Cung 8 June 1969 1976 Democratic Party of Vietnam
Vice-chairman Nguyễn Văn Kiệt 8 June 1969 1976
Vice-chairman Nguyen Doa 8 June 1969 1976
Minister of Presidential Palace of Government Tran Buu Kiem 8 June 1969 1976 People's Revolutionary Party and Democratic Party of Vietnam
Minister of Defense Trần Nam Trung 8 June 1969 1976 People's Revolutionary Party
Minister of Foreign Affairs Nguyễn Thị Bình 8 June 1969 1976 People's Revolutionary Party
Minister of the Interior Phung Van Cung 8 June 1969 1976
Minister of Justice Trương Như Tảng 8 June 1969 1976
Minister of Economy and Finance Cao Van Bon
Duong Ky Hiep (acting from 1975)
8 June 1969 died 1971
Minister of Information and Culture Lưu Hữu Phước 8 June 1969 1976
Minister of Education and Youth Nguyễn Văn Kiệt 8 June 1969 1976
Minister of Health, Social Action and Disabled Soldiers Dương Quỳnh Hoa 8 June 1969 1976 People's Revolutionary Party

See also

Footnotes

References

Citations

  1. ^ "giấy công tác đặc biệt" [Special Working Paper]. độc lập – dân chủ – hòa bình – trung lập
  2. ^ "Mintoff shows off his 'non-aligned manhood' and threatens to break relations with Israel". archive.maltatoday.com.mt. 2010-04-18. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  3. ^ Florian Grotz; Dieter Nohlen; Christof Hartmann, eds. (2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific : A Data Handbook | Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. OUP Oxford. pp. 333, 334, 337. ISBN 978-0-19-924959-6.
  4. ^ Porter 1993, pp. 27–29
  5. ^ a b Tảng 1985, p. 131
  6. ^ Tảng 1985, p. 132
  7. ^ a b c Tảng 1985, p. 147
  8. ^ a b Tảng 1985, p. 146
  9. ^ Tảng 1985, pp. 146–147
  10. ^ Tảng 1985, p. 186
  11. ^ Tảng 1985, p. 188
  12. ^ Tảng 1985, pp. 188–189
  13. ^ Milutin Tomanović, ed. (1972). Hronika međunarodnih događaja 1971 [The Chronicle of International Events in 1971] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Institute of International Politics and Economics. p. 2664.

Sources

  • Porter, Gareth (1993). Vietnam: The politics of bureaucratic socialism (1993 ed.). Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-2168-6.
  • Tảng, Truong Như; David Chanoff, Van Toai Doan (1985). A Vietcong memoir (1985 ed.). Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-15-193636-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

  • Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (1969–1975)
  • "Ethnic Music" Room ("Words" is Japanese version only.)
  • Rulers (Vietnam)
  • WORLD STATESMEN, Vietnam (including South Vietnam)
Preceded by Provisional Revolutionary Government
1975–1976
Succeeded by
  • v
  • t
  • e
Participants
Related conflicts
Background
Events
Conflict
Impacts
Aftermath
Reactions
Other topics
  • Category
  • Battles and operations
  • Commons
  • v
  • t
  • e
Socialism by country
By country
History
Regional variants
Current and historical
socialist states
Africa
Americas
Asia
Short-lived
Europe
Short-lived
Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata
International
  • VIAF
Other
  • IdRef

10°45′N 106°40′E / 10.750°N 106.667°E / 10.750; 106.667