Quinalizarin

Quinalizarin
Names


Preferred IUPAC name 1,2,5,8-Tetrahydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione
Identifiers
CAS Number	81-61-8^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEMBL	ChEMBL29898^N
ChemSpider	4829^N
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.243
PubChem CID	5004
UNII	6D43C3LYSG^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4052558
InChI InChI=1S/C14H8O6/c15-6-3-4-7(16)11-10(6)12(18)5-1-2-8(17)13(19)9(5)14(11)20/h1-4,15-17,19H^N Key: VBHKTXLEJZIDJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N^N InChI=1/C14H8O6/c15-6-3-4-7(16)11-10(6)12(18)5-1-2-8(17)13(19)9(5)14(11)20/h1-4,15-17,19H Key: VBHKTXLEJZIDJF-UHFFFAOYAM
SMILES C1=CC(=C(C2=C1C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)O)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C₁₄H₈O₆
Molar mass	272.212 g·mol⁻¹
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Quinalizarin or 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone is an organic compound with formula C
₁₄H
₈O
₆. It is one of many tetrahydroxyanthraquinone isomers, formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of four hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl (OH) groups at the 1, 2, 5, and 8 positions.

Quinalizarin is an inhibitor of the enzyme protein kinase CK2. It is more potent and selective than emodin.^[1] It is also a potent catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor.^[2]^[3]

References

^ Cozza, G.; Mazzorana, M.; Papinutto, E.; Bain, J.; Elliott, M.; di Maira, G.; Gianoncelli, A.; Pagano, M. A.; Sarno, S.; Ruzzene, M.; Battistutta, R.; Meggio, F.; Moro, S.; Zagotto, G.; Pinna, L. A. (2009). "Quinalizarin as a Potent, Selective and Cell-Permeable Inhibitor of Protein Kinase CK2" (PDF). The Biochemical Journal. 421 (3): 387–395. doi:10.1042/BJ20090069. PMID 19432557.
^ Schneider J, Huh MM, Bradlow HL, Fishman J (April 1984). "Antiestrogen action of 2-hydroxyestrone on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells". J. Biol. Chem. 259 (8): 4840–5. PMID 6325410.
^ Schütze N, Vollmer G, Knuppen R (April 1994). "Catecholestrogens are agonists of estrogen receptor dependent gene expression in MCF-7 cells". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 48 (5–6): 453–61. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(94)90193-7. PMID 8180106.

Monoamine metabolism modulators

Non-specific

AAADTooltip Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase

Substrates→Products: L-DOPA (levodopa)→Dopamine
5-HTP→Serotonin
L-Histidine→Histamine
Phenylalanine→Phenethylamine
L-Tyrosine→Tyramine
Tryptophan→Tryptamine

MAOTooltip Monoamine oxidase

Substrates→Products (with ALDHTooltip Aldehyde dehydrogenase/ALRTooltip ALR): Epinephrine (adrenaline)→DHMA Metanephrine→MHPG/VMA Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)→DHMA Normetanephrine→MHPG/VMA Dopamine→DOPAC 3-Methoxytyramine→HVA Serotonin→5-HIAA Inhibitors: Non-selective: Benmoxin Caroxazone Echinopsidine Furazolidone Guineesine Hydralazine Indantadol Iproclozide Iproniazid Isocarboxazid Isoniazid Linezolid Mebanazine Metfendrazine Nialamide Octamoxin Paraxazone Phenelzine Pheniprazine Phenoxypropazine Pivhydrazine Procarbazine Safrazine Tranylcypromine
Inhibitors: MAO-A-selective: Amiflamine Bazinaprine Befloxatone Brofaromine Cimoxatone Clorgiline CX157 (Tyrima) Eprobemide Esuprone Harmala alkaloids (e.g., harmine, harmaline, harman, norharman, tetrahydroharmine) Methylene blue Metralindole Minaprine Moclobemide Pirlindole Sercloremine Tetrindole Toloxatone
Inhibitors: MAO-B selective: Adarigiline Almoxatone D-Deprenyl Ethanol Ladostigil Lazabemide Milacemide Mofegiline Nicotine Pargyline^‡ Rasagiline Safinamide Selegiline (L-Deprenyl) Sembragiline

Phenethylamines
(dopamine, epinephrine,
norepinephrine)

PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase	Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene
THTooltip Tyrosine hydroxylase	Substrates→Products: Tyrosine→L-DOPA (levodopa) Inhibitors: 2-Hydroxyestradiol 2-Hydroxyestrone 3-Iodotyrosine Aquayamycin Bulbocapnine Metirosine Oudenone
DBHTooltip Dopamine beta-monooxygenase	Substrates→Products: Dopamine→Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) Inhibitors: Bupicomide Disulfiram Dopastin Fusaric acid Nepicastat Phenopicolinic acid Tropolone
PNMTTooltip Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Substrates→Products: Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)→Epinephrine (adrenaline) Inhibitors: CGS-19281A SKF-64139 SKF-7698
COMTTooltip Catechol-O-methyl transferase	Substrates→Products: Dopamine→3-Methoxytyramine DOPAC→Homovanillic acid Norepinephrine→Normetanephrine Epinephrine→Metanephrine DOPEG→MOPEG DOMA→VMA 2-Hydroxyestradiol→2-Methoxyestradiol 2-Hydroxyestrone→2-Methoxyestrone 4-Hydroxyestradiol→4-Methoxyestradiol 4-Hydroxyestrone→4-Methoxyestrone Inhibitors: 2-Hydroxyestradiol 2-Hydroxyestrone Entacapone Neluxicapone Nitecapone Opicapone Quinalizarin Tolcapone

Tryptamines
(serotonin, melatonin)

TPHTooltip Tryptophan hydroxylase	Substrates→Products: Tryptophan→5-HTP Inhibitors: AGN-2979 Fenclonine (PCPA) Telotristat ethyl
AANATTooltip Serotonin N-acetyl transferase	Substrates→Products: Serotonin→N-Acetylserotonin
ASMTTooltip Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase	Substrates→Products: N-Acetylserotonin→Melatonin

Histamine

HDCTooltip Histidine decarboxylase	Substrates→Products: L-Histidine→Histamine Inhibitors: Catechin Alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine Histidine methyl ester Meciadanol Naringenin Tritoqualine
HNMTTooltip Histamine N-methyltransferase	Substrates→Products: Histamine→N-Methylhistamine Inhibitors: Amodiaquine Diphenhydramine Harmaline Metoprine Quinacrine SKF-91488 Tacrine
DAOTooltip Diamine oxidase	Substrates→Products: Histamine→Imidazole acetic acid Inhibitors: Pimagedine (aminoguanidine)

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Adrenergics • Dopaminergics • Melatonergics • Serotonergics • Monoamine reuptake inhibitors • Monoamine releasing agents • Monoamine neurotoxins