Réveillon riots
Riots occurred in April 1789 in Paris, during the French Revolution
The Réveillon riots between 26 and 29 April 1789[1] centered in the St. Antoine district of Paris where a factory which produced luxury wallpaper was owned by Jean-Baptiste Réveillon. The factory employed around 300 people.[2] The factory where the riot took place was unusual in pre-revolutionary France as the factory was guild-free in an era where guilds controlled quality standards.
Protests began after rumors spread that the owner had made a speech stating that workers, many of whom were highly skilled, were to be paid lower wages and, as a result, there would be lower prices. Workers were concerned with food shortages, high unemployment, and low wages after a difficult winter in 1788. However, Réveillon was known for his benevolence towards the poor[3] and actually stated that bread prices should be brought down to those that people could afford (below 15 sous a day) but his comments were misinterpreted as wage restrictions. He made the comments on 21 April when the assembly of the Saint-Marguerite was discussing its Cahier which all Estates drew up before the Estates-General was to be called.
After informal protests on Sunday 26 April, groups of protesters congregated on the Île de la Cité and in the Faubourg Saint-Marcel [fr], Marais, and Faubourg Saint-Antoine the next day for a series of protest-marches. Though the first three marches - one of which targeted the Third Estate's Assembly of Electors - were resolved peacefully, confrontations between troops and participants in the fourth demonstration led to the outbreak of violence in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine that evening.
While the protesters did not manage to destroy the factory, which was being guarded by a group of around fifty troops, a factory owned by the saltpetre manufacturer Henriot was destroyed after he made similar comments. However Réveillon's factory was destroyed a day later as was his home.[4] The riot killed 25 people[4] and wounded around the same number although rumour caused the casualty figures to be exaggerated. The French Guard were used to restore order.
On the fantasy/crime drama Grimm, the Réveillon riots were noted in the fifth season in the episode Wesen Nacht to have been wesen-on-wesen violence.
See also
- List of food riots
- Estates General of 1789
- Cahiers de doléances
References
- 'The Oxford History of the French Revolution' by William Doyle ISBN 0-19-285221-3
- ^ SafariX Textbooks Online – SafariX is now CourseSmart Archived 9 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Sir Archibald Alison (1848). History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution in M.DCC.LXXXIX. to the Restoration of the Bourbons in M.DCCC.XV. Vol. 1 (7 ed.). W. Blackwood and sons. p. 357 – via Google Books, Ghent University.
- ^ Sir Archibald Alison (1848). History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution in M.DCC.LXXXIX. to the Restoration of the Bourbons in M.DCCC.XV. Vol. 1 (7 ed.). W. Blackwood and sons. p. 358 – via Google Books, Ghent University.
- ^ a b Chronology of the French Revolution: 1789–1790 Archived 17 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- Micah Alpaugh, "The Politics of Escalation in French Revolutionary Protest: Political Demonstrations, Nonviolence and Violence in the Grandes journées of 1789," French History 23, no. 3 (Fall 2009), 336–359.
External links
- An eyewitness account of the riot
Portals:
France
Society
History
Food
- v
- t
- e
French Revolution
- Causes
- Timeline
- Ancien Régime
- Revolution
- Constitutional monarchy
- Republic
- Directory
- Consulate
- Glossary
- Journals
- Museum
Significant civil and political events by year | |
|---|---|
| 1788 |
|
| 1789 |
|
| 1790 |
|
| 1791 |
|
| 1792 |
|
| 1793 |
|
| 1794 |
|
| 1795–6 |
|
| 1797 |
|
| 1798 |
|
| 1799 |
|
Revolutionary campaigns | |
|---|---|
| 1792 |
|
| 1793 |
|
| 1794 |
|
| 1795 |
|
| 1796 |
|
| 1797 |
|
| 1798 |
|
| 1799 |
|
| 1800 |
|
| 1801 |
|
| 1802 |
|
Other significant figures and factions | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patriotic Society of 1789 | |||||
Feuillants and monarchiens |
| ||||
| Girondins |
| ||||
| The Plain | |||||
| Montagnards |
| ||||
| Hébertists and Enragés |
| ||||
| Others |
| ||||
Influential thinkers | |
|---|---|
Cultural impact | |
|---|---|
|
