Rahmatullah Kairanawi

Rahmatullah Kairanawi
رحمت اللہ کیرانوی
Personal
Born	Rahmatullah 1818 Kairana, British India
Died	May 1, 1891(1891-05-01) (aged 72–73) Makkah, Hejaz Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
Resting place	Jannat al-Mu'alla
Religion	Islam
Nationality	Indian
Era	19th century
Region	North India
Denomination	Sunni
Main interest(s)	Countering Christian missionary efforts
Notable work(s)	Izhar ul-Haqq
Occupation	Muhaddtih, Faqeeh, Historiographer
Muslim leader
Students Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri
Influenced by Shah Wali Ullah, Shah Abdul Aziz, Shah Ishaq Dehlavi, Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki
Influenced Ahmed Deedat,[1] Mufti Taqi Usmani, Zakir Naik
Arabic name
Personal (Ism)	Raḥmatullāh رحمة الله
Patronymic (Nasab)	See below
Toponymic (Nisba)	al-Kayrānawī الكيرانوي al-Hindī الهندي

Rahmatullah Kairanawi al-Hindi (Urdu: رحمت اللہ کیرانوی ہندی; 1818–1891) was a Sunni Muslim scholar and author who is best known for his work, Izhar ul-Haqq.^[2]

Background

Kairanawi was born in Kairana, Muzaffarnagar in 1818.^[3] He is a descendant of the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, his full lineage is mentioned in family sources.^[4] Part of the family wealth, a large property in Kairana, was granted by Akbar the Great.^[4] Many family members held high positions and/or were intellectuals. Sheikh Hakeem Abdul Kareem who was an 8th great-grandfather of Rahmatullah was the Emperor Akbar's physician. Kairanwi began receiving traditional Islamic education at the age of 6, memorizing the Qur'an at 12.^[4] He also learned Arabic and Persian. Later he moved to Delhi where he studied different disciplines including mathematics and medicine.^[4] Working as a Mufti and Sharia teacher, he founded a religious school in Kariana.^[4][5]

Name and lineage

His ism (given name) was Rahmatullāh. His nasab (patronymic) is: Rahmatullāh ibn Khalīlullāh ibn Najībullāh ibn Habībullāh ibn Abd al-Rahīm ibn Qutb al-Dīn ibn Fuzail ibn Abd al-Rahīm ibn Abd al-Karīm ibn Hasan ibn Abd al-Samad ibn Abu Ali ibn Muhammad Yūsuf ibn Abd al-Qādir ibn Jalāluddīn Muhammad ibn Mahmūd ibn Yaqūb ibn Īsā ibn Ismā'īl ibn Muhammad Taqi ibn Abī Bakr ibn Ali Naqi ibn Usmān ibn Abdullāh ibn Shihābuddīn ibn Abd al-Rahmān Gāzrūni ibn Abd al-Azīz Sarkhasi ibn Khālid ibn Walīd ibn Abd al-Azīz ibn Abd al-Rahmān ibn Abdullāh Sāni ibn Abd al-Azīz ibn Abdullāh Kabīr ibn Amar ibn Uthman.^[6]

Debate with Pfander

In 1837 the Church Mission Society appointed Karl Gottlieb Pfander, described by Eugene Stock as "perhaps the greatest of all missionaries to Mohammedans",^[7] to Agra in Northern India, where in 1854 he engaged in a famous public debate with leading Islamic scholars. The main Muslim debater was Kairanawi,^[8][9] being assisted by English-speaking Muhammad Wazîr Khân and influential Islamic writer Imad ud-din Lahiz.^[10] Kairanawi used arguments from recent European theologically critical works that Pfander was unfamiliar with, having left Europe before these were published, though his main source of reference was the apocryphal sixteenth-century Gospel of Barnabas, which he held to be authentic.^[11]

Indian Rebellion of 1857

Following armed uprisings against the British in which he personally took part, Kairanawani (his property was confiscated by the Imperial British Raj) had to leave all his property (auctioned later), and board a ship in Bombay. Arriving at the port of Mocha, Yemen, he walked to Mecca. The journey took two years.^[4]

Author

Kairanawi wrote books in Arabic, Persian and Urdu.

Izhar ul-Haq (Truth Revealed)

Written originally in Arabic, the book Izhar ul-Haqq in six volumes was translated later into Urdu, and from Urdu into a summarized English version^[12] published by Ta-Ha. The book aims to respond to Christian criticism of Islam. It is the first Muslim book to use Western scholarly works in order to ascertain the errors and contradictions of the Bible. The doctrine of Trinity is purportedly contested using biblical, Christian and other sources. Christine Schirrmacher, a German scholar of Islamic Studies, states in an article on the Pfander-Kairanawi debate: "The Demonstration of the Truth' (izhâr al-haqq) served as a summary of all possible charges against Christianity and was therefore used after al-Kairânawî's death as a sort of encyclopaedia since al-Kairânawî extended the material of former polemicists like 'Ali Tabarî, Ibn Hazm or Ibn Taymiyya to a great extent."^[10]

The Madrasa Sawlatia

While residing in Mecca, Kairanawi founded a religious school there named Madrasah as-Sawlatiyah. Rahmatullah Kairanawi was appointed as a lecturer at the Masjid-e-Haram by the Sheikh-ul-Ulama (The Leading Scholar) Sheikh Ahmad Dahlan As-Shafiee. Kairanawi started teaching and realized that lessons were delivered as sermons, rather than, planned academic lectures. He gathered some of the Indian Muslim immigrants, wealthy benefactors to establish an authentic Islamic Law School to teach the Islamic sciences through a sound curriculum. He established the Madrassah in 1290 hijrah corresponding to 1874 A.D. The major contributor was a lady of Calcutta by the name of Sawlat-un-Nisa, on whose name the Madrassah is named. The Madrassah is still in existence and has well known alumni around the world, Madrasah as-Sawlatiyah.^[13][14][15]

Death

Kairanwi died in 1891 (22 Ramadan 1308 AH) in Mecca and was buried in Jannat al-Mu'alla.^[16]

See also

• Karl Gottlieb Pfander – Bibliography
• Pfander Vs Rahmatullah debate
• Ahmed Deedat

References

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Asrarullah Hussaini (1856–1920) Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921) Muhammad Amjad (d. 1927) Ghulam Muhammad Dinpuri (1835–1936) Qasim Sadiq (1845–1942) Hamid Raza Khan (1875–1943) Amjad Ali Aazmi (1882–1948) Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi (1887–1948) Abdullah Barelvi (1841–1949) Jamaat Ali Shah (1834–1951) Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri (1868–1951) Kifayatullah Dehlawi (1875–1952) Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi (1885–1954) Abdul Aleem Siddiqi (1892–1954) Amin ul-Hasanat (1922–1960) Sardar Ahmad Chishti (1903–1962) Ibrahim Raza Khan (1907–1965) Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni (1898–1970) Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi (1909–1970) ​Fazlur Rahman Ansari (1914–1974) Ghulam Mohiuddin Ghaznavi (1902–1975) Mustafa Raza Khan (1892–1981) Ziauddin Madni (1877–1981) Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi (1906–1981) Muslehuddin Siddiqui (1918–1983) Faiz-ul Hassan Shah (1911–1984) Shafee Okarvi (1930–1984) Ahmad Saeed Kazmi (1913–1986) Shujaat Ali Qadri (1941–1993) Waqaruddin Qadri (1915–1993) Abdul Wahab Siddiqi (1942–1994) Karam Shah Azhari (1918–1998) Sadruddin Islahi (1917–1998) Ghulam Ali Okarvi (1919–2000) Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri (1889–2001) Arshadul Qadri (1925–2002) Ibrahim Siddiqui (1930–2002) Shah Ahmad Noorani (1926–2003) Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi (1948–2009)

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Imamuddin Punjabi (died 1916) Abdul Hamid Madarshahi (1869–1920) Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (1851–1920) Sufi Azizur Rahman (1862–1922) Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (1852–1927) Muhammad Ali Mungeri (1846–1927) Azizur Rahman Usmani (1859–1928) Muhammad Ahmad Nanautawi (1862–1930) Ibrahim Ali Tashna (1872–1931) Anwar Shah Kashmiri (1875–1933) Sayyid Mumtaz Ali (1860–1935) Majid Ali Jaunpuri (d. 1935) Abul Muhasin Sajjad (1880–1940) Shukrullah Mubarakpuri (1895–1942) Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863–1943) Ibrahim Ujani (1863–1943) Habibullah Qurayshi (1865–1943) Ubaidullah Sindhi (1872–1944) Ilyas Kandhlawi (1885–1944) Asghar Hussain Deobandi (1877–1945) Sahool Bhagalpuri (d. 1948) Sulaiman Nadvi (1884–1953) Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (1887–1949) Izaz Ali Amrohi (1882–1955) Manazir Ahsan Gilani (1892–1956) Hussain Ahmed Madani (1879–1957) Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi (1888–1959) Badre Alam Merathi (1898–1965) Azizul Haq (1903–1961) Maqsudullah (1883–1961) Abdul Qadir Raipuri (1878–1962) Ahmed Ali Lahori (1887–1962) Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi (1900–1962) Yusuf Kandhlawi (1917–1965) Shah Ahmad Hasan (1882–1967) Shamsul Haque Faridpuri (1896–1969) Khair Muhammad Jalandhari (1895–1970) Muhammad Ali Jalandhari (1895–1971) Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri (1907–1971) Abdur Rahman Kashgari (1912–1971) Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad (1889–1972) Deen Muhammad Khan (1900–1974) Zafar Ahmad Usmani (1892–1974) Muhammad Miyan Deobandi (1903–1975) Ibrahim Balyawi (1887–1976) Muhammad Faizullah (1892–1976) Abdul Wahhab Pirji (1895–1976) Athar Ali Bengali (1891–1976) Shafi Usmani (1897–1976) Yusuf Banuri (1908–1977) Syed Muhammad Ishaq (1915–1977) Ahmed Ali Badarpuri (1915–2000) Mehboob Rizwi (1911–1979) Sahvi Shah (1923–1979) Mufti Mehmood (1919–1980) Shah Abd al-Wahhab (1894–1982) Zakariyya Kandhlawi (1898–1982) Tayyib Qasmi (1897–1983) Shamsul Haq Afghani (1901–1983) Ibrahim Chatuli (1894–1984) Atiqur Rahman Usmani (1901–1984) Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi (1908–1985) Azhar Shah Qaiser (1920–1985) Harun Babunagari (1902–1986) Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish (1900–1986) Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi (1910–1987) Muhammadullah Hafezzi (1895–1987) Abdul Aziz Malazada (1917–1987) Shamsul Huda Panchbagi (1897–1988) Abdul Haq Akorwi (1912–1988) Abdul Jalil Badarpuri (1925–1989) Abdul Matin Fulbari (1915–1990) Minnatullah Rahmani (1913–1991) Taqi Amini (1926–1991) Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami (1900–1992) Muhammad Yunus (1906–1992) Masihullah Khan (1912–1992) Abul Hasan Jashori (1918–1993) Shams Naved Usmani (1931–1993) Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi (1918–1995) Mahmood Hasan Gangohi (1907–1996) Athar Mubarakpuri (1916–1996) Shamsuddin Qasemi (1935–1996) Manzoor Nomani (1905–1997) Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri (1914–1997) Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi (1935–1998) Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi (1913–1999) Ismail Katki (1914–2005) Nur Uddin Gohorpuri (1924–2005) Ashraf Ali Bishwanathi (1928–2005) Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani (1942–2006) Syed Fazlul Karim (1935–2006) Abdullah Abbas Nadwi (1925–2006) Sirajussajidin Katki (1939–2006) Abrarul Haq Haqqi (1920–2006) Ubaidul Haq (1928–2007) Anzar Shah Kashmiri (1927–2008) Obaidul Haque Wazirpuri (1934–2008)

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