Rikbaktsa language
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (May 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
- View a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article.
- Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
- Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,522 articles in the main category, and specifying
|topic=will aid in categorization. - Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
- You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Língua rikbaktsa]]; see its history for attribution. - You may also add the template
{{Translated|pt|Língua rikbaktsa}}to the talk page. - For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
Macro-Ge language spoken in Brazil
| Rikbaktsá | |
|---|---|
| erigpaksá | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Mato Grosso |
| Ethnicity | 1,140 Rikbaktsa people (2006)[1] |
Native speakers | 40 (2010)[1] |
Language family | Macro-Gê
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | rkb |
| Glottolog | rikb1245 |
| ELP | Rikbaktsá |
 | |
The Rikbaktsa language, also spelled Aripaktsa, Erikbatsa or Erikpatsa and known ambiguously as Canoeiro, is a language spoken by the Rikbaktsa people of Mato Grosso, Brazil, that forms its own branch of the Macro-Gê languages.
As in other languages of the area, word endings indicate the gender of the speaker.[2] Rikbaktsa is a subject-object-verb language.[1]
Most Rikbaktsa can speak both Rikbaktsa and Portuguese. Younger individuals tend to speak Portuguese more frequently and fluently than their elders, but older individuals generally struggle with Portuguese and use it only with non-indigenous Brazilians.[2]
Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with the Cariban languages.[3]
Locations
The 22nd edition of Ethnologue reports that it is spoken around confluence of the Sangue River and Juruena River in:
- Japuira on the east bank of the Juruena River, between the Arinos River and Sangue River
- Posto Escondido on the west bank of the Juruena River (9 villages, 14 settlements)
Phonology
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Mid | ə | ||
| Open | a |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ĩ | ɨ̃ | ũ |
| Close-mid | ẽ | õ | |
| Mid | ə̃ | ||
| Open | ã |
- /i, u/ can be heard as [ɪ, ʊ] when in syllable-final position.
- /e, o/ can be heard as [ɛ, ɔ] when in unstressed syllables.
- /a/ is heard as [ʌ] in final unstressed syllables, as [æ] when following /tʃ/ heard as [tʃʲ], and as [ɑ] when occurring after the sequence /ku/.
| Labial | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | (ʔ) | |||
| voiced | b | d | ||||||
| Affricate | t͡ʃ | |||||||
| Fricative | ʃ | h | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||||
| Flap | ɾ | ɽ | ||||||
- A glottal stop [ʔ] can also be heard in initial and final position when before and after vowels.
- /d/ can be palatalized as [dʲ] when before /i/.
- /t͡ʃ/ can be palatalized as [t͡ʃʲ] when in front of /a/.
- /p, k/ can be heard as aspirated [pʰ, kʰ] when before an accented syllable.
- /k/ can be heard as voiced [ɡ] when before voiced consonants.
- /w/ can be heard as [β] when in stressed syllable before front vowels.
- Sounds /ɾ, w, h/ can be heard as nasal [ɾ̃, w̃, h̃] when in nasal vowel positions.[4]
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[5]
gloss Erikbaktsa one aistuːba ear ka-spi tooth írata hand ka-shuisha woman matutsi water pihʔik fire idoː stone harahairi maize uanátsi
References
Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Rikbaktsa word list
- ^ a b c Rikbaktsá at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Arruda, Rinaldo S.V. "Rikbaktsa: Language." In Encyclopedia of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil. Instituto Socioambiental (November 1998).
- ^ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
- ^ Silva, Leia de Jesus (2005). Aspectos da fonologia e a morfologia da língua Rikbaktsa. Universidade de Brasília.
- ^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- v
- t
- e
languages
| Arawakan | |
|---|---|
| Arawan | |
| Cariban | |
| Panoan | |
| Macro-Jê | |
| Nadahup | |
| Tupian | |
| Chapacuran | |
| Tukanoan | |
| Nambikwaran | |
| Others |
