Saint Lawrence rift system

Seismically active zone paralleling the Saint Lawrence River

The Saint Lawrence rift system is a seismically active zone paralleling the Saint Lawrence River. The rift system trends northeast and southwest and forms a half-graben that links the Ottawa-Bonnechere and the Saguenay grabens. The rift system extends more than 1,000 km (620 mi) along the Saint Lawrence valley from the Ottawa – Montreal area. Within the system, fault reactivation is believed to occur along late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic normal faults related to the opening of the Iapetus Ocean.^[1]

Two significant historically active seismic zones occur along this system associated with northwest trending intersecting graben structures. The Charlevoix region has been the location of at least five magnitude six or larger earthquakes over the last 350 years, including the 1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake. At the Lower St Lawrence zone the largest recorded earthquakes are about magnitude five. Seismic studies indicate a crustal convergence across the Saint Lawrence valley of about 0.5 mm (0.020 in) per year.^[2]

The earthquakes of the Charlevoix Seismic Zone are thought to be related to the re-activation of ancient fault structures by the Charlevoix impact event.^[3]

Post-glacial rebound is also a cause of earthquakes in the St. Lawrence lowlands.^[4]

References

^ Tremblay, Alain; Lemieux, Yvon (2001). "Supracrustal faults of the St. Lawrence rift system between Cap-Tourmente and Baie-Saint-Paul, Quebec" (PDF). Current Research 2001. Natural Resources Canada. ISBN 978-0-662-29890-8. M44-2001/D15E-IN.
^ Mazzotti, S.; Henton, J.; Adams, J. (Spring 2004). "Crustal strain rates and seismic hazard from seismicity and GPS measurements along the St Lawrence Valley, Quebec". AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts. 2004: S14A–02. Bibcode:2004AGUSM.S14A..02M. Abstract #S14A-02.
^ Anglin, F.; Buchbinder, G. (October 1981). "Microseismicity in the mid-St. Lawrence Valley Charlevoix zone, Québec". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 71 (5): 1553–60. Bibcode:1981BuSSA..71.1553A. doi:10.1785/BSSA0710051553.
^ "Earthquakes in southeastern Canada" (PDF). Earthquakes Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 17 April 2020.

Major seismically active faults of North America

North America
(crosses national borders)

Aleutian Trench (US–RU)
Basin and Range Province (US–MX)
Canadian Arctic Rift System (CA–GL)
Cascadia subduction zone (US–CA)
Clarendon-Linden fault system (US–CA)
Denali Fault (US–CA)
Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province (CA–US)
Puget Sound faults (US–CA)
Rio Grande rift (US–MX)
San Andreas Fault (US–MX)
Southern Great Lakes Seismic Zone (US–CA)
Tintina Fault (US–CA)

Canada

United States

Washington and Oregon	Brothers Fault Zone Olympic–Wallowa Lineament Puget Sound (Seattle Fault, Tacoma Fault) Walker Lane
California	Calaveras Fault Garlock Fault Hayward Fault Zone Mendocino Fracture Zone Newport–Inglewood Fault Puente Hills Fault Rose Canyon Fault San Jacinto Fault Zone (Elsinore Fault Zone)
Great Basin	Independence Valley fault system Moab Fault Teton Fault Wasatch Fault
Great Plains	Central Oklahoma Fault Zone Humboldt Fault Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system Meers Fault Nemaha Fault Zone Wilzetta Fault
Midwest	Marianna Fault New Madrid Seismic Zone Sandwich Fault Zone Wabash Valley Seismic Zone
Appalachian Mountains and Atlantic Coast	Aiken–Augusta Fault Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone Middleton Place–Summerville Seismic Zone (Woodstock Fault) Northern Appalachians Seismic Zone Ramapo Fault Virginia Seismic Zone