Samuel Willard

The Reverend Samuel Willard
President of Harvard College
In office 1701–1707(acting)
Preceded by	Increase Mather
Succeeded by	John Leverett the Younger
Personal details
Born	(1640-01-31)January 31, 1640 Concord, Massachusetts Bay Colony
Died	September 12, 1707(1707-09-12) (aged 67) Cambridge, Province of Massachusetts Bay
Resting place	Granary Burying Ground
Spouse(s)	Abigail Sherman ​ (m. 1664)​ Eunice Tyng (m. 1679)
Occupation	Minister
Signature

Samuel Willard (January 31, 1640 – September 12, 1707) was a New England Puritan clergyman. He was born in Concord, Massachusetts, graduated from Harvard College in 1659, and was minister at Groton from 1663 to 1676, before being driven out by the Indians during King Philip's War.^[1] Willard was pastor of the Third Church, Boston, from 1678 until his death. He opposed the Salem witch trials and was acting president of Harvard University from 1701. He published many sermons; the folio volume, A Compleat Body of Divinity, was published posthumously in 1726.

Early life

Willard's parents were Major Simon Willard and Mary Sharpe, who had emigrated from England to New England in 1634, settling first in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1635, with Rev. Peter Bulkeley, they established the town of Concord, where Samuel was born the sixth child and second son. After the death of his mother, his father remarried twice, and Samuel was one of seventeen children born to the family.^[2] At the age of fifteen, Willard entered Harvard College in 1655, graduating in 1659, and was the only member of his class to receive an M.A.^[3]

Ministry in Groton

In 1663, Willard began preaching in Groton, then at the very frontier of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The town's first minister, John Miller, had become ill and, when he died, the congregation asked Willard to stay, and he was officially ordained by them in 1664.^[4]

On August 8, 1664, Willard married Abigail Sherman of Watertown. In 1670, he became a freeman, with full privileges of citizenship. In 1671, 16-year-old Elizabeth Knapp fell ill and appeared to be possessed. Willard wrote about the strange behavior. Groton was destroyed on March 10, 1676, during King Philip's War, and the 300 residents abandoned the town. Willard and his family removed to Charlestown, Massachusetts.^{[citation needed]}

Ministry in Boston

Willard preached at the Third Church in Boston during the illness of Rev. Thomas Thacher and gave an election-day sermon on June 5. The Third Church called Willard to be its teacher, an associate pastor, on April 10, 1678. When Thacher died on October 15, Willard became the only pastor. Members of the congregation included a variety of influential members of the colony: John Hull, Samuel Sewall, Edward Rawson, Thomas Brattle, Joshua Scottow, Hezekiah Usher and Capt. John Alden (the son of John and Priscilla Alden of Plymouth). His wife Abigail died some time in the first half of 1679; in July that year he married Eunice Tyng, a possible sister-in-law of Joseph Dudley.^[5]

While in Boston, he married Josiah Franklin and Abiah Folger, the parents of the American polymath and Founding Father, Benjamin Franklin.

Church of England

Sir Edmund Andros asked each of the Puritan churches in Boston if its meeting house could be used for services of the Church of England. When he was rebuffed, he demanded and was given keys to Samuel Willard's Third Church in 1687 in a clear power play. Services were held there under the auspices of Rev. Robert Ratcliff until 1688, when King's Chapel was built.^[6] These actions highlighted him as pro-Anglican in the eyes of local Puritans,^[7] who later accused him of involvement in a "horrid Popish plot".^[8]

Leading Harvard

Willard was the acting president of Harvard College, although having the nominal title of vice-president, from 1701 until his death in 1707.^[9]

Works

• Mercy Magnified on a Penitent Prodigal, or a brief discourse, wherein Christs Parable of the lost Son found, is opened and applied. Boston: Samuel Green, for Samuel Philips. 1684.
• Samuel Willard; Philip English; John Alden (1692). Some Miscellany Observations on Our Present Debates Respecting Witchcraft: In a Dialogue Between S. & B. Philadelphia: William Bradford.
• Some Miscellany Observations On our present Debates respecting Witchcrafts, in a Dialogue Between S. & B.
• "A Compleat Body of Divinity". Boston: B. Green. 1726. Internet Archive
• Some Brief Sacramental Meditations Preparatory for Communion at the Great Ordinance of the Supper (2nd ed.). Boston: Green, Bushell, and Allen. 1743.
• "A briefe account of a strange & unusuall Providence of God befallen to Elizabeth Knap of Groton" in Samuel A. Green, ed., Groton In The Witchcraft Times, Groton, MA: [s.n.] 1883

See also

• Descendants of Simon Willard (1605–1676)

Notes

References

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Willard, Samuel" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

Further reading

• Seymour Van Dyken, Samuel Willard, 1640-1707: Preacher of Orthodoxy in an Era of Change (1972); ISBN 0-8028-3408-6
• Ernest Benson Lowrie, The Shape of the Puritan Mind: The Thought of Samuel Willard (1974); ISBN 0-300-01714-6
• John Langdon Sibley (1881). Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1659-1677. Vol. II. Cambridge: Harvard University Bookstore. p. 13-36.
• His Daughter, ed. (1892). Life of Samuel Willard, of Deerfield, Mass. Boston: G.H. Ellis. (bio of great-great-grandson)

External links

• Profile, pragmatism.org; accessed September 7, 2015.
• A collection of Samuel Willard's sermons are in the Harvard Divinity School Library at Harvard Divinity School in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• "Willard, Simon, settler" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1889.
• "Samuel Willard". University of Michigan: Evans Early American Imprint Collection.