Seiichi Miyake

Japanese inventor

Seiichi Miyake
Seiichi Miyake
Born	(1926-02-05)February 5, 1926 Kurashiki, Japan
Died	July 10, 1982(1982-07-10) (aged 56)^[1] Okayama, Japan
Nationality	Japanese
Other names	Buraindokurosu (ブラインドクロス, lit. "blind cross")
Known for	Tactile paving

Seiichi Miyake (Japanese: 三宅精一, Hepburn: Miyake Seiichi, 5 February 1926 – 10 July 1982) was a Japanese engineer and inventor best known for his work on tactile paving (or "Tenji bricks", "Tactile bricks/blocks") to aid the visually impaired at traffic crossings. Miyake's system of tactile paving was first introduced at a school for the blind in Okayama City in March 1967, and has since been adopted around the world.^[2]

Early life

Seiichi Miyake was born on 5 February 1926 in Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture.

Inventing tactile bricks

Example of tactile bricks with dots and bars in Japan

In 1965, Seiichi Miyake used his own money to create tactile bricks, which have patterns of raised shapes on their surfaces that can be detected by touch. He invented the blocks to help a friend who was starting to have visual impairment.^[3] These patterns indicate different safety or hazard conditions, such as raised dots or blisters for "caution", or long parallel strips for "safe to move ahead".^[4] They were also used to identify the boundary between footpath and the road.^[5] There are generally two predominant types, namely, the bricks with dots and bricks with bars. The former alerts the visually impaired of danger while the bars provide directional cues.^[6] However, "the paths have been constructed inconsistently," in different times and places.^[7]^[5]

Tactile pavement surfaces were first introduced for pedestrian crossing in streets in 1965 by the Japanese engineer Seiichi Miyake. A regular pattern of flattened domes, cones or blisters are introduced in the paving at the edge of the footpath and the road.^[5]

Two years later, on 18 March 1967, Okayama City (western Japan) was the first place to install this invention for visually impaired people.^[4] The bricks' bright color is visible to people with low vision and cognitive impairments.^[7]

Ten years later, thanks to its safety and navigation benefits, the use of tactile bricks became mandatory in the Japan National Railway.^[6] By 1985, it was mandated for broader use in Japan.^[7]

Honours

In 2010, the Okayama Prefectural Association for the Visually Impaired registered March 18 as the Day of the Tenji Block with the Japan Anniversary Association. A monument for the Tenji Block birthplace was unveiled at the Harojima intersection in Naka Ward with a theme song, "Shiawase no kiiroi michi" (Yellow road of happiness).^[8]^[9]

On 18 March 2019, Google Doodle honoured him by creating a short animation of a person with a probing cane being moved over tactile bricks.^[4]^[10]^[11]

References

^ Nihon jinbutsu refarensu jiten : igaku iryō fukushihen. Nichigai asoshiētsu., 日外アソシエーツ. Tōkyō: Nichigaiasoshiētsu. 2019. ISBN 9784816927683. OCLC 1090072194.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^ "Seiichi Miyake: Wie der Japaner Blinden das Leben erleichterte" [Seiichi Miyake: How a Japanese man made life easier for blind people]. Bild. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
^ Paez, Danny. "Seiichi Miyake: 5 Brilliantly Simple Uses for His "Tenji Blocks"". Inverse. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jackson, Ryan (17 March 2019). "Google Doodle pays tribute to Japanese inventor Seiichi Miyake". CNET.
^ ^a ^b ^c Pissaloux, Edwige and Velazquez, Ramiro (2017). Mobility of Visually Impaired People: Fundamentals and ICT Assistive Technologies, p.364. Springer. ISBN 9783319544465.
^ ^a ^b "Celebrating Seiichi Miyake". Google. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lupton, Ellen and Lipps, Andrea (2018). The Senses: Design Beyond Vision, p.136. Chronicle Books. ISBN 9781616897741.
^ "点字ブロック豆知識社会福祉法人岡山県視覚障害者協会". www.ossk-33.jp. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
^ 下川和歩 (2010-05-09), 「除幕式」幸せの黄色い道～顔晴れOKAYAMA～, retrieved 2019-03-19
^ "Google Doodle pays tribute to Japanese inventor Seiichi Miyake". The Independent. 2019-03-18. Retrieved 2019-03-20.
^ "Celebrating Seiichi Miyake". Google. Retrieved 18 March 2019.