Seniority in the United States House of Representatives

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This is a complete list of current members of the United States House of Representatives based on seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office. Representatives whose terms begin the same day are ranked alphabetically by last name.

Seniority calculation

Seniority is calculated by:

  1. Number of total terms served (subtracting one term from the number of non-consecutive terms)
  2. Number of consecutive terms served
  3. Alphabetically by last name[1]

An additional clause applies for representatives that have a prior tenure of less than two terms. In this case, they will have preference over all other members who are freshmen by tenure. [citation needed]

An example of this ranking system is Rep. Pete Sessions had previously served eleven terms, from 1997 to 2019 (after his defeat in the 2018 midterms), when he was once again elected in 2020. Instead of holding seniority with others whose terms began January 3, 2021, he was credited with ten terms, and holds seniority above all representatives whose terms began on or after January 3, 2001.

Benefits of seniority

Committee leadership in the House is often associated with seniority, especially in the Democratic Caucus. The Republican leadership, in comparison with the Democratic Party, prioritizes voting records and campaign fundraising over seniority for committee leadership.[2] Party leadership in the House is not strictly associated with seniority.

The more senior a representative is, the more likely the representative is to receive desirable committee assignments or leadership posts. Seniority also affects access to more desirable office space in the House Office Buildings:[3] after an office is vacated, members next in seniority can choose whether to move into it. Only after allocations for existing members are complete can incoming members be assigned offices via the congressional office lottery.[4]

Vacancies

Current seniority list

Rank Member Party District Seniority date Previous service[a]
Committee and leadership positions
1 Hal Rogers R Kentucky 5 January 3, 1981 Dean of the House
2 Chris Smith R New Jersey 4  
3 Steny Hoyer D Maryland 5 May 19, 1981
4 Marcy Kaptur D Ohio 9 January 3, 1983
5 Nancy Pelosi D California 11 June 2, 1987 Speaker Emerita of the House
6 Frank Pallone D New Jersey 6 November 8, 1988 Ranking Member: Energy and Commerce
7 Richard Neal D Massachusetts 1 January 3, 1989 Ranking Member: Ways and Means
8 Rosa DeLauro D Connecticut 3 January 3, 1991 Ranking Member: Appropriations
9 Maxine Waters D California 43 Ranking Member: Financial Services
10 Jerry Nadler D New York 12 November 3, 1992 Ranking Member: Judiciary
11 Sanford Bishop D Georgia 2 January 3, 1993  
12 Ken Calvert R California 41
13 Jim Clyburn D South Carolina 6 Assistant Democratic Leader
14 Anna Eshoo D California 16  
15 Bobby Scott D Virginia 3 Ranking Member: Education and the Workforce
16 Nydia Velázquez D New York 7 Ranking Member: Small Business
17 Bennie Thompson D Mississippi 2 April 13, 1993 Ranking Member: Homeland Security
18 Frank Lucas R Oklahoma 3 May 10, 1994 Chair: Science, Space and Technology
19 Lloyd Doggett D Texas 37 January 3, 1995  
20 Sheila Jackson Lee D Texas 18
21 Zoe Lofgren D California 18 Ranking Member: Science, Space and Technology
22 Earl Blumenauer D Oregon 3 May 21, 1996  
23 Robert Aderholt R Alabama 4 January 3, 1997
24 Danny K. Davis D Illinois 7
25 Diana DeGette D Colorado 1
26 Kay Granger R Texas 12 Chair: Appropriations until April 10, 2024
27 Jim McGovern D Massachusetts 2 Ranking Member: Rules
28 Bill Pascrell D New Jersey 9  
29 Brad Sherman D California 32
30 Adam Smith D Washington 9 Ranking Member: Armed Services
31 Gregory Meeks D New York 5 February 3, 1998 Ranking Member: Foreign Affairs
32 Barbara Lee D California 12 April 7, 1998  
33 John B. Larson D Connecticut 1 January 3, 1999
34 Grace Napolitano D California 31
35 Jan Schakowsky D Illinois 9
36 Mike Simpson R Idaho 2
37 Mike Thompson D California 4
38 Pete Sessions R Texas 17 January 3, 2021 1997–2019
39 Sam Graves R Missouri 6 January 3, 2001 Chair: Transportation and Infrastructure
40 Rick Larsen D Washington 2 Ranking Member: Transportation and Infrastructure
41 Betty McCollum D Minnesota 4  
42 Adam Schiff D California 30
43 Stephen F. Lynch D Massachusetts 8 October 16, 2001
44 Joe Wilson R South Carolina 2 December 18, 2001
45 Michael C. Burgess R Texas 26 January 3, 2003 Chair: Rules from April 10, 2024
46 John Carter R Texas 31  
47 Tom Cole R Oklahoma 4 Chair: Rules until April 10, 2024
Chair: Appropriations from April 10, 2024
48 Mario Díaz-Balart R Florida 26  
49 Raúl Grijalva D Arizona 7 Ranking Member: Natural Resources
50 Mike Rogers R Alabama 3 Chair: Armed Services
51 Dutch Ruppersberger D Maryland 2  
52 Linda Sánchez D California 38
53 David Scott D Georgia 13 Ranking Member: Agriculture
54 Mike Turner R Ohio 10 Chair: Intelligence
55 Darrell Issa R California 48 January 3, 2021 2001–2019  
56 Emanuel Cleaver D Missouri 5 January 3, 2005
57 Jim Costa D California 21
58 Henry Cuellar D Texas 28
59 Virginia Foxx R North Carolina 5 Chair: Education and the Workforce
60 Al Green D Texas 9  
61 Michael McCaul R Texas 10 Chair: Foreign Affairs
62 Patrick McHenry R North Carolina 10 Chair: Financial Services
63 Cathy McMorris Rodgers R Washington 5 Chair: Energy and Commerce
64 Gwen Moore D Wisconsin 4  
65 Debbie Wasserman Schultz D Florida 25
66 Doris Matsui D California 7 March 8, 2005
67 Gus Bilirakis R Florida 12 January 3, 2007
68 Vern Buchanan R Florida 16
69 Kathy Castor D Florida 14
70 Yvette Clarke D New York 9
71 Steve Cohen D Tennessee 9
72 Joe Courtney D Connecticut 2
73 Hank Johnson D Georgia 4
74 Jim Jordan R Ohio 4 Chair: Judiciary
75 Doug Lamborn R Colorado 5  
76 John Sarbanes D Maryland 3
77 Adrian Smith R Nebraska 3
78 Bob Latta R Ohio 5 December 11, 2007
79 Rob Wittman R Virginia 1
80 André Carson D Indiana 7 March 11, 2008
81 Steve Scalise R Louisiana 1 May 3, 2008 Majority Leader
82 Gerry Connolly D Virginia 11 January 3, 2009  
83 Brett Guthrie R Kentucky 2
84 Jim Himes D Connecticut 4 Ranking Member: Intelligence
85 Blaine Luetkemeyer R Missouri 3  
86 Tom McClintock R California 5
87 Chellie Pingree D Maine 1
88 Bill Posey R Florida 8
89 Glenn Thompson R Pennsylvania 15 Chair: Agriculture
90 Paul Tonko D New York 20  
91 Mike Quigley D Illinois 5 April 7, 2009
92 Judy Chu D California 28 July 14, 2009
93 John Garamendi D California 8 November 3, 2009
94 Tim Walberg R Michigan 5 January 3, 2011 2007–2009
95 Bill Foster D Illinois 11 January 3, 2013 2008–2011
96 Kweisi Mfume D Maryland 7 April 28, 2020 1987–1996
97 Larry Bucshon R Indiana 8 January 3, 2011
98 Rick Crawford R Arkansas 1
99 Scott DesJarlais R Tennessee 4
100 Jeff Duncan R South Carolina 3
101 Chuck Fleischmann R Tennessee 3
102 Paul Gosar R Arizona 9
103 Morgan Griffith R Virginia 9
104 Andy Harris R Maryland 1
105 Bill Huizenga R Michigan 4
106 Bill Keating D Massachusetts 9
107 Mike Kelly R Pennsylvania 16
108 David Schweikert R Arizona 1
109 Austin Scott R Georgia 8
110 Terri Sewell D Alabama 7
111 Daniel Webster R Florida 11
112 Frederica Wilson D Florida 24
113 Steve Womack R Arkansas 3
114 Mark Amodei R Nevada 2 September 13, 2011
115 Suzanne Bonamici D Oregon 1 January 31, 2012
116 Suzan DelBene D Washington 1 November 6, 2012
117 Thomas Massie R Kentucky 4
118 Dina Titus D Nevada 1 January 3, 2013 2009–2011
119 Andy Barr R Kentucky 6
120 Joyce Beatty D Ohio 3
121 Ami Bera D California 6
122 Julia Brownley D California 26
123 Tony Cárdenas D California 29
124 Matt Cartwright D Pennsylvania 8
125 Joaquin Castro D Texas 20
126 Lois Frankel D Florida 22
127 Richard Hudson R North Carolina 9
128 Jared Huffman D California 2
129 Hakeem Jeffries D New York 8 Minority Leader
130 David Joyce R Ohio 14  
131 Dan Kildee D Michigan 8
132 Derek Kilmer D Washington 6
133 Annie Kuster D New Hampshire 2
134 Doug LaMalfa R California 1
135 Grace Meng D New York 6
136 Scott Perry R Pennsylvania 10
137 Scott Peters D California 50
138 Mark Pocan D Wisconsin 2
139 Raul Ruiz D California 25
140 Eric Swalwell D California 14
141 Mark Takano D California 39 Ranking Member: Veterans' Affairs
142 Juan Vargas D California 52  
143 Marc Veasey D Texas 33
144 Ann Wagner R Missouri 2
145 Randy Weber R Texas 14
146 Brad Wenstrup R Ohio 2
147 Roger Williams R Texas 25 Chair: Small Business
148 Robin Kelly D Illinois 2 April 9, 2013  
149 Jason Smith R Missouri 8 June 4, 2013 Chair: Ways and Means
150 Katherine Clark D Massachusetts 5 December 10, 2013 Minority Whip
151 Alma Adams D North Carolina 12 November 4, 2014  
152 Donald Norcross D New Jersey 1
153 Ed Case D Hawaii 1 January 3, 2019 2002–2007
154 Pete Aguilar D California 33 January 3, 2015 Democratic Caucus Chair
155 Rick W. Allen R Georgia 12  
156 Brian Babin R Texas 36
157 Don Beyer D Virginia 8
158 Mike Bost R Illinois 12 Chair: Veterans' Affairs
159 Brendan Boyle D Pennsylvania 2 Ranking Member: Budget
160 Buddy Carter R Georgia 1  
161 Mark DeSaulnier D California 10
162 Debbie Dingell D Michigan 6
163 Tom Emmer R Minnesota 6 Majority Whip
164 Ruben Gallego D Arizona 3  
165 Garret Graves R Louisiana 6
166 Glenn Grothman R Wisconsin 6
167 French Hill R Arkansas 2
168 Ted Lieu D California 36
169 Barry Loudermilk R Georgia 11
170 John Moolenaar R Michigan 2
171 Alex Mooney R West Virginia 2
172 Seth Moulton D Massachusetts 6
173 Dan Newhouse R Washington 4
174 Gary Palmer R Alabama 6
175 David Rouzer R North Carolina 7
176 Elise Stefanik R New York 21 Republican Conference Chairwoman
177 Norma Torres D California 35  
178 Bonnie Watson Coleman D New Jersey 12
179 Bruce Westerman R Arkansas 4 Chair: Natural Resources
180 Trent Kelly R Mississippi 1 June 2, 2015  
181 Darin LaHood R Illinois 16 September 10, 2015
182 Warren Davidson R Ohio 8 June 7, 2016
183 James Comer R Kentucky 1 November 8, 2016 Chair: Oversight and Accountability
184 Dwight Evans D Pennsylvania 3  
185 Brad Schneider D Illinois 10 January 3, 2017 2013–2015
186 David Valadao R California 22 January 3, 2021 2013–2019
187 Jodey Arrington R Texas 19 January 3, 2017 Chair: Budget
188 Don Bacon R Nebraska 2  
189 Jim Banks R Indiana 3
190 Nanette Barragán D California 44
191 Jack Bergman R Michigan 1
192 Andy Biggs R Arizona 5
193 Lisa Blunt Rochester D Delaware at-large
194 Salud Carbajal D California 24
195 Lou Correa D California 46
196 Neal Dunn R Florida 2
197 Adriano Espaillat D New York 13
198 Drew Ferguson R Georgia 3
199 Brian Fitzpatrick R Pennsylvania 1
200 Matt Gaetz R Florida 1
201 Vicente Gonzalez D Texas 34
202 Josh Gottheimer D New Jersey 5
203 Clay Higgins R Louisiana 3
204 Pramila Jayapal D Washington 7
205 Mike Johnson R Louisiana 4 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
206 Ro Khanna D California 17  
207 Raja Krishnamoorthi D Illinois 8
208 David Kustoff R Tennessee 8
209 Brian Mast R Florida 21
210 Jimmy Panetta D California 19
211 Jamie Raskin D Maryland 8 Ranking Member: Oversight and Accountability
212 John Rutherford R Florida 5  
213 Lloyd Smucker R Pennsylvania 11
214 Darren Soto D Florida 9
215 Ron Estes R Kansas 4 April 11, 2017
216 Jimmy Gomez D California 34 June 6, 2017
217 Ralph Norman R South Carolina 5 June 20, 2017
218 John Curtis R Utah 3 November 7, 2017
219 Debbie Lesko R Arizona 8 April 24, 2018
220 Michael Cloud R Texas 27 June 30, 2018
221 Troy Balderson R Ohio 12 August 7, 2018
222 Kevin Hern R Oklahoma 1 November 6, 2018
223 Joseph Morelle D New York 25 Ranking Member: House Administration
224 Mary Gay Scanlon D Pennsylvania 5  
225 Susan Wild D Pennsylvania 7 Ranking Member: Ethics
226 Steven Horsford D Nevada 4 January 3, 2019 2013–2015  
227 Tom Suozzi D New York 3 February 28, 2024 2017–2023
228 Colin Allred D Texas 32 January 3, 2019
229 Kelly Armstrong R North Dakota at-large
230 Jim Baird R Indiana 4
231 Tim Burchett R Tennessee 2
232 Sean Casten D Illinois 6
233 Ben Cline R Virginia 6
234 Angie Craig D Minnesota 2
235 Dan Crenshaw R Texas 2
236 Jason Crow D Colorado 6
237 Sharice Davids D Kansas 3
238 Madeleine Dean D Pennsylvania 4
239 Veronica Escobar D Texas 16
240 Lizzie Fletcher D Texas 7
241 Russ Fulcher R Idaho 1
242 Chuy García D Illinois 4
243 Sylvia Garcia D Texas 29
244 Jared Golden D Maine 2
245 Lance Gooden R Texas 5
246 Mark Green R Tennessee 7 Chair: Homeland Security
247 Michael Guest R Mississippi 3 Chair: Ethics
248 Josh Harder D California 9  
249 Jahana Hayes D Connecticut 5
250 Chrissy Houlahan D Pennsylvania 6
251 Dusty Johnson R South Dakota at-large
252 John Joyce R Pennsylvania 13
253 Andy Kim D New Jersey 3
254 Susie Lee D Nevada 3
255 Mike Levin D California 49
256 Lucy McBath D Georgia 7
257 Dan Meuser R Pennsylvania 9
258 Carol Miller R West Virginia 1
259 Joe Neguse D Colorado 2
260 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D New York 14
261 Ilhan Omar D Minnesota 5
262 Chris Pappas D New Hampshire 1
263 Greg Pence R Indiana 6
264 Dean Phillips D Minnesota 3
265 Katie Porter D California 47
266 Ayanna Pressley D Massachusetts 7
267 Guy Reschenthaler R Pennsylvania 14
268 John Rose R Tennessee 6
269 Chip Roy R Texas 21
270 Kim Schrier D Washington 8
271 Mikie Sherrill D New Jersey 11
272 Elissa Slotkin D Michigan 7
273 Abigail Spanberger D Virginia 7
274 Greg Stanton D Arizona 4
275 Pete Stauber R Minnesota 8
276 Bryan Steil R Wisconsin 1 Chair: House Administration
277 Greg Steube R Florida 17  
278 Haley Stevens D Michigan 11
279 William Timmons R South Carolina 4
280 Rashida Tlaib D Michigan 12
281 Lori Trahan D Massachusetts 3
282 David Trone D Maryland 6
283 Lauren Underwood D Illinois 14
284 Jeff Van Drew R[b] New Jersey 2
285 Michael Waltz R Florida 6
286 Jennifer Wexton D Virginia 10
287 Dan Bishop R North Carolina 8 September 10, 2019
288 Greg Murphy R North Carolina 3
289 Mike Garcia R California 27 May 12, 2020
290 Tom Tiffany R Wisconsin 7
291 Claudia Tenney R New York 24 February 11, 2021 2017–2019
292 Jake Auchincloss D Massachusetts 4 January 3, 2021
293 Cliff Bentz R Oregon 2
294 Stephanie Bice R Oklahoma 5
295 Lauren Boebert R Colorado 3
296 Jamaal Bowman D New York 16
297 Cori Bush D Missouri 1
298 Kat Cammack R Florida 3
299 Jerry Carl R Alabama 1
300 Andrew Clyde R Georgia 9
301 Byron Donalds R Florida 19
302 Pat Fallon R Texas 4
303 Randy Feenstra R Iowa 4
304 Michelle Fischbach R Minnesota 7
305 Scott L. Fitzgerald R Wisconsin 5
306 Scott Franklin R Florida 18
307 Andrew Garbarino R New York 2
308 Carlos A. Giménez R Florida 28
309 Tony Gonzales R Texas 23
310 Bob Good R Virginia 5
311 Marjorie Taylor Greene R Georgia 14
312 Diana Harshbarger R Tennessee 1
313 Ashley Hinson R Iowa 2
314 Ronny Jackson R Texas 13
315 Sara Jacobs D California 51
316 Young Kim R California 40
317 Jake LaTurner R Kansas 2
318 Teresa Leger Fernandez D New Mexico 3
319 Nancy Mace R South Carolina 1
320 Nicole Malliotakis R New York 11
321 Tracey Mann R Kansas 1
322 Kathy Manning D North Carolina 6
323 Lisa McClain R Michigan 9
324 Mary Miller R Illinois 15
325 Mariannette Miller-Meeks R Iowa 1
326 Barry Moore R Alabama 2
327 Blake Moore R Utah 1
328 Frank J. Mrvan D Indiana 1
329 Troy Nehls R Texas 22
330 Jay Obernolte R California 23
331 Burgess Owens R Utah 4
332 August Pfluger R Texas 11
333 Matt Rosendale R Montana 2
334 Deborah K. Ross D North Carolina 2
335 María Elvira Salazar R Florida 27
336 Victoria Spartz R Indiana 5
337 Michelle Steel R California 45
338 Marilyn Strickland D Washington 10
339 Ritchie Torres D New York 15
340 Beth Van Duyne R Texas 24
341 Nikema Williams D Georgia 5
342 Julia Letlow R Louisiana 5 March 20, 2021
343 Troy Carter D Louisiana 2 April 24, 2021
344 Melanie Stansbury D New Mexico 1 June 1, 2021
345 Jake Ellzey R Texas 6 July 27, 2021
346 Shontel Brown D Ohio 11 November 2, 2021
347 Mike Carey R Ohio 15
348 Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick D Florida 20 January 11, 2022
349 Mike Flood R Nebraska 1 June 28, 2022
350 Brad Finstad R Minnesota 1 August 9, 2022
351 Mary Peltola D Alaska at-large August 16, 2022
352 Pat Ryan D New York 18 August 23, 2022
353 Rudy Yakym R Indiana 2 November 8, 2022
354 Ryan Zinke R Montana 1 January 3, 2023 2015–2017
355 Mark Alford R Missouri 4
356 Becca Balint D Vermont at-large
357 Aaron Bean R Florida 4
358 Josh Brecheen R Oklahoma 2
359 Nikki Budzinski D Illinois 13
360 Eric Burlison R Missouri 7
361 Yadira Caraveo D Colorado 8
362 Greg Casar D Texas 35
363 Lori Chavez-DeRemer R Oregon 5
364 Juan Ciscomani R Arizona 6
365 Mike Collins R Georgia 10
366 Eli Crane R Arizona 2
367 Jasmine Crockett D Texas 30
368 Anthony D'Esposito R New York 4
369 Donald G. Davis D North Carolina 1
370 Monica De La Cruz R Texas 15
371 Chris Deluzio D Pennsylvania 17
372 John Duarte R California 13
373 Chuck Edwards R North Carolina 11
374 Mike Ezell R Mississippi 4
375 Valerie Foushee D North Carolina 4
376 Maxwell Frost D Florida 10
377 Russell Fry R South Carolina 7
378 Robert Garcia D California 42
379 Marie Gluesenkamp Pérez D Washington 3
380 Dan Goldman D New York 10
381 Harriet Hageman R Wyoming at-large
382 Erin Houchin R Indiana 9
383 Val Hoyle D Oregon 4
384 Wesley Hunt R Texas 38
385 Glenn Ivey D Maryland 4
386 Jeff Jackson D North Carolina 14
387 Jonathan Jackson D Illinois 1
388 John E. James R Michigan 10
389 Sydney Kamlager D California 37
390 Thomas Kean Jr. R New Jersey 7
391 Jen Kiggans R Virginia 2
392 Kevin Kiley R California 3
393 Nick LaLota R New York 1
394 Greg Landsman D Ohio 1
395 Nick Langworthy R New York 23
396 Mike Lawler R New York 17
397 Laurel Lee R Florida 15
398 Summer Lee D Pennsylvania 12
399 Anna Paulina Luna R Florida 13
400 Morgan Luttrell R Texas 8
401 Seth Magaziner D Rhode Island 2
402 Rich McCormick R Georgia 6
403 Morgan McGarvey D Kentucky 3
404 Rob Menendez D New Jersey 8
405 Max Miller R Ohio 7
406 Cory Mills R Florida 7
407 Marc Molinaro R New York 19
408 Nathaniel Moran R Texas 1
409 Jared Moskowitz D Florida 23
410 Kevin Mullin D California 15
411 Wiley Nickel D North Carolina 13
412 Zach Nunn R Iowa 3
413 Andy Ogles R Tennessee 5
414 Brittany Pettersen D Colorado 7
415 Delia Ramirez D Illinois 3
416 Andrea Salinas D Oregon 6
417 Hillary Scholten D Michigan 3
418 Keith Self R Texas 3
419 Eric Sorensen D Illinois 17
420 Dale Strong R Alabama 5
421 Emilia Sykes D Ohio 13
422 Shri Thanedar D Michigan 13
423 Jill Tokuda D Hawaii 2
424 Derrick Van Orden R Wisconsin 3
425 Gabe Vasquez D New Mexico 2
426 Brandon Williams R New York 22
427 Jennifer McClellan D Virginia 4 February 21, 2023
428 Gabe Amo D Rhode Island 1 November 7, 2023
429 Celeste Maloy R Utah 2 November 21, 2023
Rank Member Party District Seniority date Previous service[a]
Committee and leadership positions

Delegates

Delegates are non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives.

Rank Delegate Party District Seniority date
(previous service, if any)
1 Eleanor Holmes Norton D District of Columbia at-large January 3, 1991
2 Gregorio Sablan D Northern Mariana Islands at-large January 3, 2009
3 Stacey Plaskett D United States Virgin Islands at-large January 3, 2015
4 Amata Coleman Radewagen R American Samoa at-large
5 Jenniffer González NPP/R Puerto Rico at-large January 3, 2017
6 James Moylan R Guam at-large January 3, 2023

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Members elected with substantial prior service receive credit for part of that service when calculating seniority.
  2. ^ A party change does not affect seniority.

References

  1. ^ "Terms of Service for Members of the House of Representatives". Historian of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  2. ^ "House Seniority and Committee Leadership". U.S. News & World Report. December 8, 2006.
  3. ^ Goodwin, George (1959). "The Seniority System in Congress". The American Political Science Review. pp. 412–436. doi:10.2307/1952154. Retrieved 15 August 2022 – via JSTOR.
  4. ^ Langhorne, Thomas B. (October 16, 2018). "Scramble for office space in Congress is about status". Evansville Courier & Press. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
  5. ^ Brooks, Emily (19 December 2023). "Kevin McCarthy submits official House resignation". The Hill. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  6. ^ Adragna, Anthony (2 January 2024). "Bill Johnson plans Jan. 21 House resignation to become Youngstown St. president". Politico. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  7. ^ Zremski, Jerry (January 27, 2024). "Brian Higgins to leave Congress on Friday". The Buffalo News. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  8. ^ Boyd, Shaun (22 March 2024). "Colorado's Ken Buck leaving Congress because he can't wait until November for his next political steps". CBS Colorado. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  9. ^ Kremer, Rich (19 April 2024). "Gallagher delays exit from Congress to support foreign aid package". Wisconsin Public Radio. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  10. ^ Fox, Joey; Wildstein, David (24 April 2024). "Donald Payne, six-term congressman from New Jersey, dies at 65". New Jersey Globe. Retrieved 24 April 2024.

External links

  • "Terms of Service for Members of the House of Representatives in the 116th Congress" (PDF). September 24, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2019 – via Clerk of the House of Representatives.
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