Simeulue language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
| Simeulue | |
|---|---|
| Long Bano | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Simeulue, Aceh, Sumatra |
| Ethnicity | Simeulue people |
Native speakers | (undated figure of 30,000)[1] |
Language family | Austronesian
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | smr |
| Glottolog | sime1241 |
The Simeulue language is spoken by the Simeulue people of Simeulue off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.[1][2]
Names
Simeulue is also called Mae o, which literally means 'Where are you going?'. Ethnologue also lists Long Bano, Simalur, Simeuloë, and Simulul as alternate names.
Varieties
Simeulue is spoken in five of eight subdistricts (kecamatan) of Simeulue Regency. It includes two dialects.[3]
- Defayan: spoken in the four eastern subdistricts of Teupah Selatan, Simeulue Timur, Teupah Barat, and Teluk Dalam
- Simolol (prestige dialect): spoken around Kampung Aie and Simeulue Tengah
- Leukon: spoken in two villages in Alafan, namely Langi and Lafakha.[4]
- Haloban: spoken in two villages in Banyak Islands, namely Haloban and Asantola.
Sikule, related to Nias, is spoken in Salang, Alafan and Simeulue Barat in northern Simeulue, while Jamu (also called Kamano), related to Minangkabau, is spoken in the capital city of Sinabang and has become the lingua franca of the island.
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | t d | c ɟ | k g | ʔ |
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Approximant | w | r, l | j |
- The phonemes /d c ɟ g j ɲ/ do not appear word-finally.
- /ɲ/ also does not appear word-initially.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid-high | e | ə | o |
| Mid-low | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | a |
Additionally, the following diphthongs have been observed: /au/, /ai/, /ɔi/.
See also
References
- ^ a b Simeulue at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
- ^ "Tsunami 1907: Early Interpretation and its Development" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26.
- ^ "Simeulue" (PDF), asiaharvest.org
- ^ Candrasari, Ratri. "Language Vitality of Leukon" (PDF). Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 13 (6): 234–243.
- ^ a b Faridan, Abdullah; Ajies, A. Murad Em; Usman, Umar; Nuriah, T. A. (1981). Struktur bahasa Simeulue (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Further reading
- Aziz, Zulfadli A.; Amery, Robert (2016). "A Survey on the Status of the Local Languages of Pulau Simeulue and Pulau Banyak and Their Use within the Community". Proceedings of EEIC. 1 (2): 487–490.
- Candrasari, Ratri (2017). "Bahasa Devayan di Pulau Simeulue: Kajian Vitalitas Bahasa". Repositori Universitas Sumatera Utara.
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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