Social Progress Index

The Social Progress Index (SPI) measures the extent to which countries provide for the social and environmental needs of their citizens. Fifty-four indicators in the areas of basic human needs, foundations of well-being, and opportunity to progress show the relative performance of nations. The index is published by the nonprofit Social Progress Imperative, and is based on the writings of Amartya Sen, Douglass North, and Joseph Stiglitz.^[1] The SPI measures the well-being of a society by observing social and environmental outcomes directly rather than the economic factors. The social and environmental factors include wellness (including health, shelter and sanitation), equality, inclusion, sustainability and personal freedom and safety.^[2]^{[full citation needed]}

Introduction and methodology

The index combines three dimensions:

Basic human needs
Foundations of well-being
Opportunity

Each dimension includes four components, which are each composed of between three and five specific outcome indicators. The included indicators are selected because they are measured appropriately, with a consistent methodology, by the same organization across all (or essentially all) of the countries in the sample. Together, this framework aims to capture a broad range of interrelated factors revealed by the scholarly literature and practitioner experience as underpinning social progress.

Two key features of the Social Progress Index are:^[3]

the exclusion of economic variables
the use of outcome measures rather than inputs

Social Progress Imperative evaluated hundreds of possible indicators while developing the Social Progress Index, including engaging researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to determine what indicators best differentiated the performance of nations. The index uses outcome measures when there are sufficient data available or the closest possible proxies.^[4]

Social Progress Index Rankings

Data are for the year 2022.^[5]

	Country	Social Progress Score	Basic Human Needs	Foundations of Wellbeing	Opportunity	Nutrition and Basic Medical Care	Water and Sanitation	Shelter	Personal Safety	Access to Basic Knowledge	Access to Information and Communications	Health and Wellness	Environmental Quality	Personal Rights	Personal Freedom and Choice	Inclusiveness	Access to Advanced Education
1	Norway	90.74	91.26	90.86	90.11	93.89	98.80	91.59	80.76	98.69	96.12	88.73	79.91	95.63	88.95	92.04	83.81
2	Denmark	90.54	91.81	90.32	89.48	95.33	97.36	94.32	80.22	97.47	97.69	84.65	81.45	98.10	88.86	88.44	82.53
3	Finland	90.46	91.36	90.31	89.71	93.22	98.45	95.79	77.98	96.31	95.72	84.08	85.14	96.97	89.26	89.29	83.33
4	Switzerland	90.26	91.35	91.26	88.16	93.85	98.12	92.12	81.31	98.65	94.99	90.84	80.56	94.65	90.14	86.58	81.26
5	Iceland	89.54	91.18	90.44	87	93.26	98.97	91.59	80.88	99.47	92.68	88.28	81.31	95.10	88.13	87.46	77.32
6	Sweden	89.42	90.35	88.90	88.99	93.86	98.53	91.07	77.96	94.48	93.17	85.44	82.52	95.70	89.19	90.70	80.37
7	Netherlands	88.97	89.49	88.80	88.63	93.57	96.56	88.12	79.73	94.84	95.70	85.97	78.67	95.57	88.39	88.44	82.11
8	Germany	88.72	90.01	87.10	89.05	93.66	95.93	91.06	79.40	97.69	89.21	83.07	78.44	97.75	89.97	84.57	83.92
9	Japan	88.19	91.72	89.93	82.91	92.99	95.61	96.32	81.96	97.62	95.13	88.04	78.93	96.36	84.93	72.48	77.86
10	Canada	88.17	88.60	88.88	87.02	94.02	96.19	88.86	75.32	97.88	91.21	84.74	81.69	95.21	84.34	84.56	83.97
11	Austria	88.05	90.49	88.53	85.14	95.19	95.58	91.38	79.81	97.66	94.57	85.52	76.35	92.88	85.99	81.99	79.72
12	Australia	87.83	89.10	87.72	86.67	93.23	97.24	89.07	76.86	94.04	94.66	85.21	76.97	92.56	84.70	82.14	87.29
13	Ireland	87.69	88.99	86.68	87.41	94.75	92.96	88.33	79.89	94.93	93.24	79.98	78.55	96.70	85.45	91.11	76.36
14	Luxembourg	87.48	89.40	88.80	84.24	94.33	94.98	90.01	78.27	98.97	90.93	86.60	78.69	96.74	87.98	88.84	63.41
15	New Zealand	87.26	86.68	88.45	86.64	93.74	94.39	86.44	72.15	98.31	96.25	83.31	75.95	96.45	85.89	84.30	79.93
16	Belgium	87.22	89.45	85.58	86.64	95.16	93.29	93.17	76.17	95.09	87.45	86.07	73.72	95.41	87.07	83.95	80.14
17	Korea, Republic of	86.47	90.44	87.03	81.96	95.70	93.85	92.12	80.07	91.99	98.54	85.28	72.33	93.98	80.72	68.37	84.76
18	Estonia	86.16	89.80	87.23	81.45	92.93	95.23	94.32	76.73	98.36	96.40	74.02	80.13	95.65	85.36	69.64	75.13
19	United Kingdom	86.13	88.77	87.48	82.15	93.01	94.14	89.59	78.32	92.72	96.57	80.81	79.81	91.28	84.70	72.59	80.05
20	France	86.07	88.30	86.79	83.13	92.82	92.90	90.22	77.26	93	92.38	83.95	77.81	93.52	85.09	76.14	77.79
21	Spain	85.35	89.52	84.71	81.81	96.20	92.22	88.21	81.43	88.56	91.56	83.02	75.70	93.24	80.87	75.91	77.21
22	Italy	85.23	89.37	83.61	82.70	96.19	92.61	91.59	77.08	91.41	85.15	83.03	74.83	96.17	75.13	83.90	75.61
23	Czechia	85.19	89.29	83.76	82.53	92.68	96.30	91.98	76.18	98.22	84.99	79.15	72.69	93.81	81.67	78.61	76.05
24	Portugal	84.75	89.34	82.62	82.28	96.09	95.32	88.43	77.55	87.74	87.98	80.14	74.60	94.56	81.98	82.69	69.89
25	United States	84.65	87.63	84.58	81.74	93.22	94.28	91.17	71.85	92.72	95.88	74.21	75.50	88.06	83.23	68.68	86.98
26	Malta	84.52	89.37	84.64	79.54	95.30	92.72	89.59	79.87	94.65	89.92	86.34	67.64	91.57	78.54	86.48	61.57
27	Slovenia	84.19	89.20	85.45	77.93	93.57	97.13	87.18	78.92	96.07	89.91	79.45	76.36	84.81	80.98	70.77	75.16
28	Singapore	83.76	92.91	85.68	72.68	95.78	98.97	93.69	83.20	91.26	88.26	90.30	72.91	65.07	87.58	66.99	71.08
29	Lithuania	83.71	88.56	81.58	80.98	92.74	94.38	92.15	74.97	96.55	87.21	66.12	76.43	91.93	79.37	75.37	77.25
30	Cyprus	83.18	87.50	84.99	77.04	94.06	89.38	89.38	77.20	94.88	94.60	80.52	69.95	91.61	77.76	63.77	75.01
31	Israel	83.17	88.34	84.20	76.99	97.64	92	88.75	74.96	91.87	87.82	83.28	73.82	92.47	75.99	63.65	75.84
32	Latvia	82.46	87.43	79.68	80.28	91.71	94.55	91.21	72.24	95.08	84.80	64.60	74.23	94.88	83.44	66.51	76.3
33	Greece	82.44	87.77	79.85	79.72	97.57	89.20	90.32	73.98	88.85	85.38	74.56	70.60	91.51	73.97	73.87	79.51
34	Croatia	82.32	89.48	82.18	75.28	93.06	94.52	92.83	77.52	96.25	88.86	71.97	71.66	89.60	75.70	64.53	71.29
35	Slovakia	81.29	87.72	80.08	76.08	91.80	94.04	91.15	73.90	92.67	88.13	69.47	70.04	93.07	78.31	63.51	69.44
36	Chile	80.78	83.62	79.53	79.20	93.32	86.51	86.33	68.32	88.99	90.63	68.18	70.33	92.59	77.19	70.81	76.21
37	Costa Rica	80.65	85.04	79.06	77.84	90.74	95.39	89.90	64.14	86.47	84.37	77.41	67.98	95.35	75.13	81.93	58.95
38	Uruguay	80.27	83.73	78.41	78.67	90.31	91.48	87.84	65.28	86.17	90.27	71.79	65.41	91.76	77.66	76.07	69.18
39	Poland	80.17	88.12	78.50	73.89	93.88	93.89	88.57	76.13	93.38	89.87	62.61	68.12	80.62	78.55	63.91	72.5
40	Barbados	79.60	84.17	78.81	75.84	87.70	89.42	90.62	68.94	96.79	82.86	69.64	65.94	92.39	76.87	72.06	62.03
41	Argentina	78.64	82.28	76.93	76.70	91.64	87.68	87.36	62.44	84.75	90.11	63.90	68.98	89.91	66	75.54	75.34
42	Hungary	78.21	88.12	75.94	70.59	93.44	93.51	89.30	76.23	91.28	79.36	62.84	70.26	82.69	78.26	57.71	63.69
43	Romania	76.89	86.70	74.78	69.20	93.62	87.77	90.71	74.71	85.92	87.67	58.78	66.76	85.22	71.27	54.69	65.62
44	Bulgaria	76.81	85.70	72.30	72.44	93.01	88.68	89.22	71.88	86.38	85.34	55.66	61.83	86.87	73.51	61.76	67.63
45	Serbia	75.80	85.83	74.08	67.48	93.74	87.96	87.92	73.71	92.41	81.01	61.82	61.08	79.81	67.36	54.31	68.46
46	Trinidad and Tobago	75.58	81.88	74.77	70.08	86.57	87.27	89.69	64	91.38	79.92	62.58	65.21	89	67.49	68.46	55.35
47	Mauritius	75.44	85.83	75.58	64.91	86.22	94.64	90.27	72.17	88.65	79.22	67.91	66.54	82.71	69.89	57.83	49.19
48	Armenia	74.78	86.97	72.18	65.19	93.79	88.67	90.88	74.52	90.33	84.92	59.18	54.28	83	63.68	53.25	60.81
49	Montenegro	74.64	86.37	71.85	65.69	96.52	90.91	85.25	72.78	93.77	77.21	62.01	54.42	83.36	63.06	51.83	64.52
50	Georgia	74.43	85.17	72.88	65.25	88.76	89.16	89.31	73.46	94.85	80.49	56.35	59.82	78.26	61.36	52.98	68.39
51	Moldova	74.19	83.13	71.98	67.46	90.02	81.34	91.57	69.59	94.82	80.73	57.12	55.27	88.51	62.80	57.97	60.57
52	Ukraine	74.17	80.47	73.23	68.82	89.30	82.65	89.81	60.12	92.64	84.84	50.99	64.46	75.75	70.56	57.06	71.9
53	Albania	74.12	84.56	76.43	61.36	92.15	81.03	89.84	75.22	92.63	79.95	68.50	64.64	82.80	52.59	53.29	56.74
54	Malaysia	74.08	85.20	77.44	59.58	87.53	93.53	91.98	67.78	89.85	86.61	70.14	63.15	64.47	70.79	44.98	58.11
55	Kuwait	74.06	87.36	77.30	57.51	95.14	93.75	89.59	70.94	83.71	92.78	81.22	51.51	64.58	66.60	38.33	60.55
56	Panama	74.02	82.87	73.11	66.09	85.11	86.34	92.28	67.75	80.76	75.42	67.28	68.99	88.97	63.36	54.67	57.35
57	Jamaica	73.48	81.22	71.38	67.85	88.56	81.79	85.69	68.83	87	71.71	61.96	64.86	88.26	69.27	62.29	51.56
58	Republic of North Macedonia	72.74	86.12	68.79	63.30	95.61	87.99	86.95	73.94	77.64	83.45	58.88	55.18	79.07	64.79	51.78	57.57
59	Russia	71.99	80.72	75.69	59.55	90.88	86.76	87.35	57.90	93.27	82.75	55.86	70.89	53.96	71	36.20	77.05
60	Ecuador	71.75	80.13	71.03	64.09	85.12	89.94	88.41	57.06	81.41	76.09	60.78	65.84	85.39	62.83	49.86	58.28
61	Belarus	71.49	84.60	74.80	55.06	94.73	89.14	91.35	63.19	96.21	77.97	59.41	65.61	30.20	75.92	50.60	63.51
62	Brazil	71.26	80.19	72.95	60.63	89.36	87.99	86.88	56.54	77.17	88.20	57.04	69.40	77.47	67.16	41.81	56.08
63	Bosnia and Herzegovina	71.23	85.23	69.04	59.44	94.13	91.10	80.65	75.04	85.45	77.96	60.51	52.23	73.66	60.22	48.80	55.06
64	Suriname	71.22	81.73	67.56	64.36	84.86	88.25	88.37	65.44	79.72	70.33	61.56	58.65	90.73	70.25	55.84	40.64
65	Kazakhstan	71.21	84.49	72.99	56.15	92.87	88.20	91.31	65.57	90.85	83.70	55.81	61.61	55.77	72	35.93	60.89
66	Mexico	70.84	80.62	70.08	61.83	88.52	89.36	86.06	58.53	79.95	83.87	57.79	58.71	75.71	65.47	48.70	57.43
67	Peru	70.70	79.16	71.47	61.48	85.49	83.47	84.46	63.21	77.96	80.53	62.58	64.79	82.86	58.58	43.11	61.37
68	United Arab Emirates	70.70	87.17	72.98	51.93	92.28	96.69	96.53	63.18	90.60	85.87	65.08	50.38	41.59	69.60	35.17	61.37
69	South Africa	69.95	71.29	69	69.56	75.85	75.88	83.06	50.37	78.29	83.42	55.64	58.66	89.88	70.68	61.61	56.09
70	Colombia	69.83	79.47	74.05	55.96	87.74	91.57	87.70	50.88	77.46	85.17	67.35	66.22	66.03	61.91	38.84	57.06
71	Thailand	69.80	81.63	75.50	52.28	87.85	88.55	93.15	56.96	78.24	81.63	74.02	68.10	45.15	62.07	47.97	53.93
72	Tunisia	69.77	80.34	66.43	62.54	93.37	77.54	85.02	65.43	73.22	82.15	60.88	49.48	77.19	69.21	48.56	55.2
73	Dominican Republic	69.76	79.84	68.15	61.31	86.60	87.28	87.72	57.75	74.31	80.72	57.28	60.28	85.73	57.41	49.17	52.92
74	Sri Lanka	69.22	78.82	75	53.86	86.48	86.75	77.10	64.94	88.17	69.90	72.74	69.18	68.98	63.68	34.73	48.03
75	Cabo Verde	69.01	78.21	63.81	65.01	85.33	82.56	83.58	61.37	67.06	71.08	62.37	54.71	90.06	70.30	59.45	40.22
76	Paraguay	68.96	81.34	68.69	56.85	86.75	92.34	82.64	63.61	68.54	82.13	55.77	68.33	80.96	62.93	36.44	47.06
77	Vietnam	68.18	81.92	69.36	53.26	86.65	87.33	87.80	65.91	84.46	72.57	62.83	57.57	43.93	66.10	56.77	46.23
78	Bhutan	68.05	80.22	66.33	57.59	77.81	90.26	88.49	64.31	64.85	72.69	69.74	58.04	73.90	66.68	57.48	32.3
79	Maldives	68.02	82.21	69.39	52.47	85.62	82.94	87.59	72.69	73.17	71.90	62.81	69.68	64.42	57.97	49.88	37.62
80	Oman	67.70	83.49	68.40	51.21	91.50	91.83	90.58	60.05	80.92	82.45	69.60	40.63	48.79	64.45	39.91	51.68
81	Philippines	67.46	77.29	67.52	57.58	81.49	87.40	78.19	62.09	81.19	76.42	51.55	60.92	70.94	62.80	42.51	54.06
82	Jordan	67.32	83.84	65.07	53.05	89.72	89.91	88.08	67.65	80.38	58.18	70.58	51.16	62.83	62.63	29.88	56.89
83	Kyrgyzstan	67.23	81.71	69.01	50.97	88.56	87.36	85.48	65.45	92.81	73.16	55.20	54.88	58.99	60.66	32.98	51.24
84	Mongolia	67.21	73.02	63.92	64.71	84.29	70.59	73.17	64.02	91.22	75.50	41.44	47.51	87.20	65.13	51.62	54.88
85	Bolivia	67.15	77.50	64.84	59.11	79.77	87.38	83.92	58.95	74.77	74.39	48.82	61.37	74.03	61.19	54.87	46.33
86	Fiji	67.02	79.64	63.88	57.53	84.31	90.35	79.34	64.56	89.16	70.98	34.60	60.76	63.60	67.85	48.43	50.24
87	Indonesia	66.67	78.89	65.23	55.89	78.55	78.32	88.28	70.39	72.69	78.07	53.16	56.98	69.43	64.80	34.77	54.58
88	Turkey	66.59	82.66	67.68	49.43	95.67	84.15	84.66	66.15	73.65	80.43	68.97	47.65	38.18	60.61	30.63	68.32
89	Lebanon	66.48	80.98	62.52	55.94	93.48	80.25	86.33	63.85	80.20	63.30	58.15	48.41	70.96	58.67	31.32	62.79
90	Qatar	66.47	86.51	66.59	46.29	96.59	92.02	90.62	66.82	83.27	78.32	75.93	28.86	34.23	72.81	28.41	49.72
91	Uzbekistan	66.12	86.29	63.78	48.30	90.86	91.95	91.61	70.76	92.51	76.22	49.75	36.64	51.19	63.19	33.57	45.25
92	Bahrain	66.09	86.57	69.99	41.72	95.95	95.86	93.15	61.33	80.34	82.47	73.69	43.46	34.91	64.74	14.11	53.1
93	Botswana	65.89	65.52	66.14	66.01	66.71	74.44	72.90	48	83.46	69.49	56.27	55.34	84.55	69.02	64.80	45.67
94	China	65.74	83.74	66.24	47.25	93.96	87.33	87.13	66.55	81.14	78.92	65.25	39.63	29.70	65.65	32.67	60.99
95	Algeria	65.59	80.37	62.40	54.01	89.93	84.72	86.35	60.50	78.07	62.32	62.37	46.85	53.43	65.28	47.07	50.24
96	Guyana	65.54	78.58	60.66	57.37	83.32	87.18	83.84	59.99	79.52	64.03	49.79	49.30	82.99	57.48	49.54	39.46
97	West Bank and Gaza	65.19	78.13	65.58	51.85	91.28	74.68	87.07	59.52	84.15	68.43	61.42	48.32	60.79	55.09	35.46	56.05
98	Ghana	64.80	69.14	63.27	62	79.67	73.11	66.21	57.55	70.68	76.12	52.23	54.06	80.54	59.09	61.68	46.68
99	El Salvador	64.42	78.57	62.97	51.73	86.19	82.06	88.21	57.81	64.62	73.30	60.95	53.03	64.38	58.03	44.03	40.47
100	Morocco	64.04	81.05	59.90	51.17	89.62	81.64	89.62	63.33	62.59	77.76	49.71	49.52	62.59	59.47	34.30	48.31
101	Saudi Arabia	63.89	83.37	66.37	41.92	91.23	96.18	93.78	52.31	82.32	80.11	72.83	30.21	22.50	66.03	19.05	60.12
102	Iran	63.72	79.83	66.51	44.82	93.97	87.15	83.36	54.83	81.52	72.13	64.18	48.20	38.97	51.40	30.11	58.78
103	Azerbaijan	63.26	84.54	62.87	42.37	91.83	83.27	92.41	70.64	81.05	75.56	42.76	52.09	39.48	53.10	31.15	45.75
104	Sao Tome and Principe	62.49	72.75	56.56	58.14	80.71	89.29	61.33	59.68	69.55	48.60	51.47	56.63	88.19	59.87	53.35	31.16
105	Gabon	62.18	67.17	59.62	59.74	76.18	68.79	80.92	42.80	74.87	66.75	45.55	51.31	69.06	58.70	63.45	47.77
106	Namibia	62	62.33	62.29	61.38	71.99	69.16	60.65	47.53	74.06	67.91	48.26	58.92	83.91	68.90	50.33	42.39
107	Honduras	61.17	75.76	56.45	51.30	81.44	86.11	74.15	61.33	61.96	55.95	50.33	57.54	73.95	56.24	35.58	39.44
108	Nicaragua	60.23	74.79	66.33	39.57	79.25	82.63	78.06	59.20	75.01	61.47	65.26	63.57	36.91	56.47	34.18	30.73
109	Guatemala	60.21	72.35	61.69	46.60	75.74	75.92	78.92	58.81	67.06	69.10	55.13	55.46	67.84	55.01	26.58	36.98
110	India	60.19	73.80	52	54.77	72.22	80.47	81.43	61.08	58.32	70.42	51.39	27.86	69.13	56	44.97	49
111	Nepal	59.39	74.59	50.16	53.42	78.94	78.76	72.16	68.51	56.05	61.60	49.77	33.22	73.36	51.16	51.26	37.91
112	Timor-Leste	58.92	64.27	57.90	54.58	64.07	65.60	65.75	61.67	59.96	63.27	45.20	63.17	76.74	56.70	50.24	34.66
113	Egypt	58.73	80.64	51.11	44.45	90.84	86.25	87.25	58.20	76.56	66.66	40.89	20.35	43.67	61.18	20.37	52.58
114	Venezuela	58.62	71.77	57.96	46.12	80.31	76.44	84.19	46.12	73.68	47.29	49.07	61.82	41.26	59.58	43.53	40.14
115	Kenya	57.96	58.81	61.49	53.59	66.81	62.47	58.55	47.42	65.49	67.56	50.16	62.73	72.84	62.24	36.88	42.39
116	Senegal	57.70	65.39	52.80	54.91	74.56	66.48	58.74	61.78	38.69	67.79	48.28	56.45	80.74	52.06	53.59	33.24
117	Iraq	56.82	72.90	54.32	43.25	80.48	74.09	87.39	49.64	64.35	66.16	55.14	31.65	46.04	46.77	27.62	52.56
118	Turkmenistan	56.75	81.71	58.07	30.46	89.94	77.35	91.77	67.77	87.42	43.84	50.19	50.82	15.95	58.16	26.54	21.19
119	Bangladesh	56.06	72.64	55.09	40.45	74.57	85.56	73	57.44	65.54	61.93	52.99	39.90	51.64	51.27	21.32	37.56
120	Tajikistan	56.05	80.84	56.59	30.72	84.43	85.09	89.04	64.79	87.78	50.17	49.59	38.83	20.88	52.13	16.29	33.58
121	Cambodia	55.71	69.37	55.58	42.17	75.76	69.13	68.66	63.95	53.83	54.81	52.76	60.93	43.88	57.59	35.40	31.8
122	Benin	55.59	55.33	55.41	56.02	64.76	57.39	44.20	54.98	56.71	59.75	49.36	55.82	76.98	46.60	64.83	35.66
123	Tanzania	54.87	54.97	58.49	51.14	66.65	57.39	45.60	50.23	61.08	57.55	53.31	62.03	65.57	54.69	50.48	33.84
124	Gambia, The	54.68	62.07	49.97	52.01	65.05	71.92	49.30	61.99	54.96	51.47	42.24	51.20	78.81	48.36	48.07	32.8
125	Malawi	54.29	55.69	52.80	54.36	68.56	64.66	36.02	53.52	62.28	40.88	44.75	63.30	83.46	59.09	41.12	33.79
126	Libya	54.28	75.68	46.18	40.98	89.22	87.77	75.54	50.18	60.96	25.67	50.72	47.37	39.46	45.59	29.51	49.35
127	Côte d'Ivoire	54.01	60.54	53.29	48.20	66.16	64.64	57.05	54.32	51.50	61.25	41.97	58.44	68.68	47.09	46.63	30.39
128	Nigeria	52.97	56.96	52.69	49.28	62.48	55.59	52.54	57.23	53.26	64.90	46.92	45.65	71.02	45.82	34.78	45.51
129	Lesotho	52.90	49.54	51.57	57.60	51.38	49.55	53.85	43.38	72.91	54.51	35.45	43.42	80.97	54.69	63.23	31.52
130	Solomon Islands	52.40	57.63	45.75	53.82	74.82	64.72	36.40	54.58	62.13	44.44	26.26	50.18	82.58	61.72	35.90	35.09
131	Rwanda	52.18	55.49	57.88	43.17	69.61	61.56	49.14	41.66	62.71	52.89	59.34	56.57	46.26	66.23	33.95	26.23
132	Zimbabwe	52.17	55.10	58.61	42.79	63.23	61.80	52.41	42.97	79.56	56.85	37.64	60.38	56.20	55.29	27.24	32.45
133	Comoros	52.11	60.94	52.17	43.23	69.53	62.44	59.97	51.80	58.11	42.54	44.11	63.94	55.10	46.12	44.23	27.49
134	Zambia	52.07	52.22	55.69	48.30	63.39	53.08	49.63	42.76	64.42	55.01	42.36	60.95	62.61	55.51	40.73	34.36
135	Syria	51.98	75.23	50.38	30.33	85.19	77.59	80.90	57.24	58.28	55.19	47.82	40.25	21.07	46.11	12	42.16
136	Togo	51.58	53.28	54.24	47.20	65.38	43.19	47.46	57.11	65.75	54.34	42.06	54.82	57.68	56.85	43.67	30.61
137	Myanmar	51.46	70.94	52.97	30.47	77.14	81.35	64.19	61.07	63.39	50.07	46.30	52.14	24.56	53.65	21.73	21.93
138	Cameroon	51.40	56.19	51.63	46.37	70.32	52.98	58.05	43.41	69.54	56.88	43.03	37.07	60.26	51.33	41.03	32.87
139	Pakistan	51.32	65.84	45.02	43.09	65.49	74.09	67.72	56.06	48.15	56.62	40.37	34.94	55.05	47.86	26	43.44
140	Laos	51.17	66.32	50.71	36.48	75.87	67.49	66.20	55.73	62.58	33.83	47.13	59.30	24.29	56.50	41.78	23.35
141	Sierra Leone	50.48	44.83	52.49	54.11	52.60	45.90	33.87	46.94	54.13	53.80	42.75	59.30	79.87	56.53	49.10	30.93
142	Burkina Faso	49.83	51.38	48.88	49.23	62.07	55.52	33.46	54.49	32.27	62.97	44.08	56.21	64.47	48.22	51.39	32.83
143	Djibouti	49.39	62.58	42.91	42.68	64.91	74.74	57.30	53.39	41.60	40.79	46.35	42.90	49.83	59.17	36.27	25.44
144	Uganda	49.34	53.93	54.63	39.47	74.97	59.18	45.12	36.44	68.78	48.42	45.13	56.17	47.99	48.37	27.78	33.73
145	Eswatini	49.19	57.79	54	35.76	69.39	52.86	69.48	39.45	66.03	54.41	40.59	54.98	27.96	57.29	29.18	28.62
146	Liberia	49.03	48.31	45.54	53.25	53.46	52.61	39.59	47.58	47.47	34.61	42	58.09	80.44	55.55	44.18	32.84
147	Mozambique	48.27	50.81	51.03	42.97	57.67	53.65	41.90	50.03	59.62	43.31	40.73	60.44	61.64	42.02	41.73	26.49
148	Papua New Guinea	48.12	52.14	42.62	49.61	60.11	52.68	44.10	51.67	53.38	36.43	19.21	61.47	74.93	51.11	40.06	32.34
149	Congo, Republic of	47.54	54.82	51.57	36.25	61.92	58.64	58.69	40.04	71.31	44.97	39.64	50.35	44.43	41.97	24.78	33.81
150	Ethiopia	47.43	51.66	46.17	44.46	66.68	41.35	47.53	51.08	46.35	32.72	47.78	57.83	61.06	54.18	29.39	33.2
151	Madagascar	47.07	45.67	49.47	46.06	56.28	32.45	41.50	52.46	66.81	39.89	34	57.19	68.51	51.27	34.13	30.32
152	Mali	46.93	52.29	44.81	43.68	65.10	53.67	42.25	48.14	25.30	58.06	39.61	56.29	65.28	39.45	44.08	25.89
153	Angola	46.87	54.18	47.02	39.41	67.83	44.25	56.10	48.54	53.47	42.42	38.23	53.95	56.19	50.78	25.71	24.96
154	Guinea-Bissau	46.65	46.45	44.56	48.94	64.97	34.49	36.56	49.77	42.50	48.84	33.43	53.46	72.68	54.56	39.39	29.12
155	Mauritania	46.60	58.59	46.53	34.68	66.33	54.50	59.24	54.28	44.48	54.08	45.11	42.46	48.99	45.30	19.59	24.84
156	Equatorial Guinea	46.58	65.11	42.80	31.84	69.99	72.87	66.57	51.02	53.32	25.67	47.22	45	37.34	36.73	21.47	31.81
157	Haiti	45.42	49.66	44.92	41.68	60.35	44.41	38.96	54.90	53.30	45.73	29.05	51.61	59.45	54.62	20.82	31.82
158	Sudan	45.41	62.42	42.06	31.75	75.05	57.69	63.84	53.09	45.77	47.05	41.78	33.66	31.43	39.77	21.49	34.33
159	Niger	43.14	47.21	37.47	44.74	58.23	46.23	33.32	51.08	24.95	39.39	42.91	42.61	69.99	34.76	49.68	24.51
160	Burundi	42.91	48.56	44.47	35.71	61.68	50.71	33.40	48.47	46.24	32.32	42.90	56.41	34.68	51.41	35.26	21.49
161	Congo, Democratic Republic of	42.70	44.69	47.61	35.81	54.50	44.28	37.15	42.85	62	33.92	38.58	55.94	45.06	42.72	27.36	28.11
162	Guinea	42.41	49.13	45.56	32.54	57.80	55.80	38.50	44.43	34.77	57.99	33.10	56.38	40.89	39.84	26.82	22.59
163	Yemen	39.08	56.96	36.37	23.91	60.05	54.21	69.41	44.19	43.54	34.23	34.37	33.32	24.50	37.27	5.90	27.98
164	Afghanistan	37.34	53.69	32.60	25.73	60.78	61.74	59.76	32.47	35.43	40.39	23.19	31.39	26.11	30.81	18.13	27.85
165	Somalia	35.85	43.34	37.44	26.77	47.10	47.15	34.36	44.74	27.88	36.57	28.52	56.78	30.45	31.49	17.75	27.39
166	Eritrea	34.85	48.16	34.16	22.25	59.34	40.23	49.27	43.80	37.19	16.90	34.94	47.60	13.07	33.82	23.01	19.08
167	Chad	34.69	37.70	36.68	29.70	49.03	25.17	29.35	47.25	25.64	35.75	37.20	48.12	47.09	28.68	21.36	21.66
168	Central African Republic	32.39	28.96	33.29	34.91	36.38	21.97	21.13	36.37	38.48	27.79	18.21	48.68	56.58	29.20	30.39	23.47
169	South Sudan	30.65	38.70	30.05	23.19	58.87	32.67	27.61	35.67	27.24	8.16	29.89	54.90	32.36	28.64	14.13	17.64

Criticism

The index's measure of good governance has been criticized for using data biased against the Global South, and some critics have noted that much of the criteria are based on Western Values. There has also been debate on the relevance or accuracy of many of the measurements for gender equality.^[6] A 2016 survey of online users browsing the SPI website indicated that as one of the index's flaws, 34% of respondents found the data incomplete and/or inaccurate, primarily referencing environmental hazards, energy usage, specific health issues, employment availability and quality, income inequality, gender inequality, and corruption as areas not sufficiently taken into account.^[7]

From an econometric stand point, the Index appears to be similar to other efforts aimed at overcoming the limitation of traditional economic measures such as the gross domestic product (GDP). A notable criticism is that although the Social Progress Index can be seen as a superset of indicators used by earlier econometric models such as Gross National Well-being Index 2005, Bhutan Gross National Happiness Index of 2012, and World Happiness Report of 2012, unlike them, it ignores measures of subjective life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Other critics point out that "there remain certain dimensions that are currently not included in the SPI. These are the concentration of wealth in the top 1 percent of the population, efficiency of the judicial system, and quality of the transportation infrastructure."^[8]

Some critics argue for caution. Though words such as "inclusive capitalism" are now bandied around increasingly to signal a new age, free from ideological battlegrounds between public and private, much of what the organization's founders say about it confirms that the index is about more "business inclusive" than "inclusive capitalism".^[9]

References

^ "Beyond GDP". The Economist. April 18, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
^ "Home". socialprogressimperative.org. Social Progress Imperitive. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
^ "Data - Social Progress Index - Methodology". socialprogressimperative.org. Social Progress Imperative. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
^ Fehder, Daniel; Stern, Scott (2013). "The Social Progress Index Methodology" (PDF). Social Progress Index 2013. Social Progress Imperative. pp. 39–54. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 23, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
^ "Global Index: Results". Social Progress Imperative. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
^ Ruggeri, Amanda (January 12, 2018). "How can you measure what makes a country great?". BBC. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
^ Social Progress Imperative User Study (PDF) (Report). Weisblatt & Associés. March 2016. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
^ Balangue, David L. (November 29, 2014). "Social Progress Index". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
^ Ensor, Charlie (May 3, 2016). "A new index to measure social progress, but what is it really telling us?". Humanosphere. Retrieved September 5, 2021.