Socialism and Liberty Party

Political party in Brazil
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The Socialism and Liberty Party (Portuguese: Partido Socialismo e Liberdade IPA: [paʁˈtʃidu sosjɐˈlizmwi libeʁˈdadʒi], PSOL IPA: [peˈsɔw]) is a left-wing political party in Brazil. The party describes itself as socialist and democratic.

The party leader is Juliano Medeiros and the federal deputies Ivan Valente, Talíria Petrone, Sâmia Bomfim, Fernanda Melchionna, Glauber Braga, Luiza Erundina, Erika Hilton, Chico Alencar, Célia Xakriabá, Guilherme Boulos, Pastor Henrique Vieira, Tarcísio Motta and Luciene Cavalcante,[5] besides the mayor of Belém Edmilson Rodrigues and the minister of the Native People Sônia Guajajara, with a number of well-known Brazilian left-wing leaders and intellectuals, such as Milton Temer [arz; pt], Hamilton Assis, Michael Löwy, Luciana Genro, Vladimir Safatle [eo; pt], Renato Roseno [pt], Carlos Nelson Coutinho [pt], Ricardo Antunes [pt], Francisco de Oliveira [fr; pt], João Machado, Pedro Ruas [pt] and others.

PSOL was formed after Heloísa Helena, Luciana Genro, Babá and João Fontes were expelled from the Workers' Party after voting against the pension reform proposed by Lula. They opposed the decisions of Lula's government, considering them to be too liberal, and the Workers' Party alliances with polemic right-wing politicians, such as the former presidents José Sarney and Fernando Collor.

After collecting more than 438,000 signatures, PSOL became Brazil's 29th officially recognized political party, the first to do so by this method.[citation needed]

Ideology and support

The ideology of the party varies between the left and the far left. The programmatic elements found in the party are related to socialism, anti-capitalism, and anti-imperialism. There are Marxist, Trotskyist, eco-socialist, and labor unionism tendencies within the party. Among other things, the party program includes the reduction of working hours, agrarian and urban reform, increased spending on health, education and infrastructure, and a break with the International Monetary Fund.[6] It also seeks to decriminalize abortion.[7] Because it is a party formed by trends that possess the political spectrum of the left in common, they represent distinct divisions in question of origin, geographical location and composition of its leaderships. The formation of tendencies provided for in the party statute can be freely organized without direct interference from the party leadership, allowing autonomy of intra-party groups, provided they follow the political prerogatives of the party's statute and program.[6]

Internal tendencies

Abbreviation Name in Portuguese Name in English Ideology International affiliation
APS-NE Ação Popular Socialista - Nova Era Socialist People's Action - New Era Democratic socialism
Rebelião Ecossocialista Ecosocialist Rebellion Trotskyism
Mandelism
Eco-socialism[5]
Fourth International (reunited)
Centelhas Sparks Trotskyism
Mandelism
Eco-socialism
Fourth International (reunited)
Fortalecer o PSOL Strengthen PSOL Trotskyism,[8]
Left-wing populism
Insurgência Insurgency Trotskyism
Mandelism
Eco-socialism[9]
Fourth International (reunited)
LSR Liberdade, Socialismo e Revolução Freedom, Socialism and Revolution Trotskyism International Socialist Alternative
MES Movimento Esquerda Socialista Socialist Left Movement Trotskyism
Morenism
Fourth International (reunited)
PS Primavera Socialista Socialist Spring Democratic socialism
Resistência Resistance Trotskyism
Revolução Solidária Solidarity Revolution Left-wing populism[10]
SBVT Subverta Subvert Trotskyism
Mandelism
Eco-socialism
Buen vivir[11]
Fourth International (reunited)

PSOL also allows certain unregistered political parties to launch candidates through its TSE registry number. These organizations, however, cannot participate in the party's congresses. This is some organization that used PSOL electoral legend in some moment:

Abbreviation Name in Portuguese Name in English Ideology
BP Brigadas Populares People's Brigades Marxism–Leninism, Left-wing nationalism, Socialism of the 21st Century, Bolivarianism
MRT Movimento Revolucionário de Trabalhadores Workers' Revolutionary Movement Trotskyism
PCR Partido Comunista Revolucionário Revolutionary Communist Party Marxism–Leninism, Stalinism, Guevarism, Hoxhaism, Anti-revisionism
PCLCP Polo Comunista Luiz Carlos Prestes Luiz Carlos Prestes Communist Pole Marxism–Leninism, Left-wing nationalism
RAiZ Raiz - Movimento Cidadanista Roots - Citizens' Movement Eco-socialism, Teko Porã, Ubuntu
RC Refundação Comunista Communist Refoundation Revolutionary socialism

Members of the National Congress

As of October 2023.

Federal Deputies

Name State
Fernanda Melchionna Rio Grande do Sul
Célia Xakriabá Minas Gerais
Tarcísio Motta Rio de Janeiro
Chico Alencar Rio de Janeiro
Henrique Vieira Rio de Janeiro
Talíria Petrone Rio de Janeiro
Glauber Braga Rio de Janeiro
Ivan Valente São Paulo
Luiza Erundina São Paulo
Sâmia Bomfim São Paulo
Erika Hilton São Paulo
Luciene Cavalcante São Paulo
Guilherme Boulos São Paulo

State Deputies

Name State
Carlos Giannazi São Paulo
Bancada Feminista São Paulo
Ediane Maria São Paulo
Mônica do Movimento Pretas São Paulo
Guilherme Cortez São Paulo
Renata Souza Rio de Janeiro
Flávio Serafini Rio de Janeiro
Dani Monteiro Rio de Janeiro
Professor Josemar Rio de Janeiro
Yuri Moura Rio de Janeiro
Luciana Genro Rio Grande do Sul
Matheus Gomes Rio Grande do Sul
Fábio Félix Federal District
Max Maciel Federal District
Camila Valadão Espírito Santo
Linda Brasil Sergipe
Renato Roseno Ceará
Hilton Coelho Bahia
Dani Portela Pernambuco
Lívia Duarte Pará
Bella Gonçalves Minas Gerais
Marquito Santa Catarina

Mayors

Name Municipality
Edmilson Rodrigues Belém do Pará

Clécio Luís, Mayor of Macapá, left the party to join Sustainability Network.

Elections

2006

PSOL launched Heloísa Helena to run for president in 2006 elections. The vice-presidential candidate was intellectual César Benjamin [es; pt]. The party ran in a left-wing ticket along with two other parties: Trotskyist United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU) and Marxist–Leninist Brazilian Communist Party (PCB).

The alliance was extended to gubernatorial elections. In Minas Gerais, for instance, Vanessa Portugal, from the PSTU, ran for governor with PSOL's support, although not with PCB's. Prominent PSOL gubernatorial candidates were Plínio de Arruda Sampaio in São Paulo, Milton Temer [pt] in Rio de Janeiro and Roberto Robaina González in Rio Grande do Sul. However, they were all defeated.

Heloísa Helena finished the presidential race in the third place, receiving 6.5 million votes throughout the country (6.85% of the valid votes). Three federal deputies, Luciana Genro, Chico Alencar and Ivan Valente, managed to get re-elected.

2010

In the 2010 candidate for presidential election Plínio de Arruda Sampaio received 888.000 votes (0.87%). Plinio presented an agrarian reform project in 1964 when he was federal deputy, but the 1964 Military Coup ended the project and Plinio lost his mandate. Although he received very few votes Plinio became famous after the elections because he was qualified as an anti-candidate.

PSOL elected three deputies again, Chico Alencar, Ivan Valente and Jean Wyllys.

Toninho do PSOL from Federal District got the best gubernatorial result. He finished in third place with 14.25%.

2012

In 2012 PSOL got its best results so far. Clecio Luis and Gelsimar Gonzaga were elected mayors in Macapá, Amapá's state capital, and Itaocara.

In the northern second largest city Belém and in Rio de Janeiro, PSOL finished second and elected four city councillors – the second largest group in those councils. In Belem Edmilson Rodrigues got 43.39% and in Rio de Janeiro Marcelo Freixo got 28.15%, almost 1 million votes.

Other places like São Paulo, Fortaleza, Campinas, Belo Horizonte, Curitiba, Salvador, Natal, Florianópolis, Niterói, São Gonçalo and Pelotas, PSOL got respectable results in 2012, 49 city councillors from PSOL were elected.

2014

PSOL initially nominated Randolfe Rodrigues, the Senator for Amapá, as their candidate for President in 2014, with former federal deputy and party co-founder Luciana Genro as his running mate.[12] Federal deputy Chico Alencar of Rio de Janeiro and attorney Renato Roseno [pt] also ran for the party's nomination. However, he was replaced at the top of the ticket by Genro, a member of the Left Socialist Movement faction. She got 1,612,186 votes finishing in 4th place.

Genro's campaign received the support of important Brazilian intellectuals and celebrities. These included like Chico de Oliveira, Rogério Arantes, Vladimir Safatle, Michel Löwy, Gregorio Duvivier, Valesca Popozuda, Zélia Duncan, Karina Buhr, Clara Averbuck, Marina Lima, Juca Kfouri, Preta Gil, Laerte Coutinho, Marcelo Yuka and the international popstar Jessica Sutta. Her candidacy was well-regarded in the LGBT community.

PSOL elected 5 federal deputies and 12 state deputies. Marcelo Freixo (RJ) received the highest vote for a state deputy in Brazil with 350,408 votes. Carlos Giannazi was the leftist most voted in São Paulo with 164,929 votes.

Gubernatorial candidates Tarcísio Motta (RJ) with 8.92% (14.62% in city of Rio Janeiro) and Robério Paulino (RN) with 8.74% (22.45% in capital Natal) got excellent results. Senate candidate Heloísa Helena (AL) got 31.86%, but she lost the election to former Brazilian president Fernando Collor de Mello, who was impeached.

2018

In 2018, PSOL chose prolific labor leader Guilherme Boulos as their nominee for the presidency. Boulos's close affiliation with former President Lula led to concern that his nomination would erode PSOL's distinct identity.[13] It was alleged that party leadership pushed Boulos at the expense of other pre-candidates for the party's nomination, including economist (and son of 2010 presidential nominee Plínio de Arruda Sampaio) Plínio de Arruda Sampaio Jr., activist and educator Hamilton Assis, and academic Nildo Ouriques. Indigenous leader Sônia Guajajara, who initially sought the party's nomination, was chosen to serve as his vice presidential running mate.

2022

On 30 April, PSOL made official its support for the pre-candidacy of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) for the presidency. The party approved its support during electoral conference.[14] On the 7 May, PT made official the pre-candidacy of ex-president Lula and ex-governor of São Paulo Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) to run for president.[15] In June, a group of PSOL affiliates created a dissident movement of the party in protest against the support to the pre-candidacy of former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) and former governor Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) for the presidency.[16]

Electoral results

Presidential

Election year Candidate 1st round 2nd round
# of overall votes % of overall vote # of overall votes % of overall vote
2006 Heloísa Helena 6,575,393 6.9 (#3)
2010 Plínio de Arruda Sampaio 886,816 0.9 (#4)
2014 Luciana Genro 1,612,186 1.6 (#4)
2018 Guilherme Boulos 617,122 0.6 (#10)
2022 No candidate, endorsed Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Legislative elections

Election Chamber of Deputies Federal Senate Role in government
Votes % Seats +/– Votes % Seats +/–
2006 1,149,619 1.23%
3 / 513
New 351,527 0.42%
1 / 81
New Opposition
2010 1,142,737 1.18%
3 / 513
Steady 0 3,041,854 1.78%
2 / 81
Increase 1 Opposition
2014 1,745,470 1.79%
5 / 513
Increase 2 1,045,275 1.17%
1 / 81
Decrease 1 Independent (2014-2016)
Opposition (2016-2018)
2018 2,783,669 2.83%
10 / 513
Increase 5 5,273,853 3.08%
0 / 81
Decrease 1 Opposition
2022[a] 3,852,246 3.52%
12 / 513
Increase 2 675,244 0.68%
0 / 81
Steady 0 Coalition
  1. ^ Ran in federation with the Sustainability Network.

References

  1. ^ "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
  2. ^ "PSOL, UM PARTIDO NECESSARIO PARA CONQUISTAS DEMOCRATIZANTES". 19 September 2020.
  3. ^ Senra, Ricardo; Guimarães, Thiago (31 October 2016). "Como as eleições municipais desidrataram os partidos de esquerda". BBC Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  4. ^ Gonçalves da Silva, Júlio César. "Partido dos professores: elite partidária e evolução política do Partido Socialismo e Liberdade (PSOL)". Electoral Justice of Brazil (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  5. ^ a b "PSOL elege a maior bancada de deputados federais da história do partido". Rede NINJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  6. ^ a b "PSOL - Relação da Origem no desenvolvimento de sua Organização, Participação Eleitoral e Atuação Parlamentar" (PDF).
  7. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ "Formação" [Training]. Fortalecer o PSOL (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  9. ^ "Quem Somos". Insurgência (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  10. ^ "O que defendemos". Revolução Solidária (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  11. ^ "O que nos une?". Subverta (in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 March 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  12. ^ G1, Do; Brasília, em (1 December 2013). "PSOL escolhe Randolfe Rodrigues para disputar Presidência em 2014". Política (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 26 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ de 2018, Rogério DaflonRogério Daflon9 de Março; 22h36. "A guerra pelo PSOL: uma reunião com o petista Tarso Genro desencadeou o inferno". The Intercept Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ "PSOL oficializa apoio à pré-candidatura de Lula à Presidência". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  15. ^ "PT oficializa pré-candidatura de Lula à Presidência e lança Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) como candidato a vice". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  16. ^ "Contra aliança com Lula e Alckmin, grupo de filiados deixa o PSOL". www.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2 June 2022.
Preceded by Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties
50 – SOLP (PSOL)
Succeeded by
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