Bavarian dialect of South Tyrol, Italy
| South Tyrolean dialect |
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| Tyrolese |
| Südtiroulerisch/Sîdtiroul(er)isch |
| Region | South Tyrol |
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Native speakers | (undated figure of 300,000[citation needed]) |
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Language family | |
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Writing system | German Alphabet |
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| Language codes |
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| ISO 639-2 | gem |
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| ISO 639-3 | bar |
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| Glottolog | tyro1234 Tyrol Bavarian |
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South Tyrolean German or Tyrolese (Südtiroulerisch or Sîdtiroul(er)isch; Standard German: Südtirolerisch or Südtirolisch) is a dialect spoken in the northern Italian province of South Tyrol. It is generally considered to be a sub-variety of Southern Bavarian,[1] and has many similarities with other South German languages, in particular with varieties of Austrian German. It may develop its own standard variety of German,[2] though currently is linguistically heteronomous to German German (see One Standard German Axiom for discussion).
The difference between other Bavarian and South Tyrolean is the influence of Italian and Ladin in its lexicon.
Characteristics
69.15% of the inhabitants of South Tyrol speak German as their mother tongue.[3] South Tyrolean tends to be used at home or in informal situations, while standard German in its Austrian variant prevails at school, work and for official purposes. As such, this medial diglossia, since the spoken language is mainly the dialect, whereas the written language is mainly the Austrian German variety of Standard German.[1]
The South Tyrolean dialect is related to Bairisch. It preserves its specific traits and is basically homogeneous with Northern Tyrolean variants. However it has absorbed some Italian or Italian-based terms, especially for administrative purposes (for example "driving license", "General Practitioner", etc.) and some types of food. These terms are seldom present in Standard German or Austrian German.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary[4] | South Tyrolean | Standard German | Italian | English |
| oftramol | manchmal | talvolta | sometimes |
| lousn | hören (lauschen) | udire | listen |
| magari | vielleicht, etwa | magari | maybe |
| Fraktion | Ortsteil | frazione | hamlet |
| Kondominium | Mehrfamilienhaus | condominio | condominium/condo (US) |
| hoi/hoila | hallo | ciao | hello |
| Rutschelen[5] | Locken | riccioli | curls |
| Unwolt[5] | Rechtsanwalt | avvocato | lawyer, attorney |
| Identitätskarte | Personalausweis | carta d'identità | ID card |
| Eiertreter[6] | Nervensäge | rompiscatole | nuisance |
References
- ^ a b Zambrelli, Martina (2004). "INTERFERENZE LESSICALI IN SITUAZIONI DI CONTATTO LINGUISTICO" (PDF).
- ^ Hofer (2020). Deutsch ist nicht gleich Deutsch (in German) (University of Vienna PhD thesis ed.). Wien.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Suche | Landesinstitut für Statistik (Astat) | Autonome Provinz Bozen - Südtirol" (PDF). www.provinz.bz.it. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
- ^ "Ecco lo slang di Bolzano, da "olfo" a "bätsch" - Cronaca - Alto Adige (Dead link)". 2011-12-15. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
- ^ a b "Dialetto altoatesino - Alto Adige, Provincia di Bolzano". Retrieved 2016-09-21.
- ^ Pillon, Kager Matthias, Gloria. "oschpele.ritten.org - Das Südtiroler Dialekt Wörterbuch". oschpele.ritten.org. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Historical linguistic minorities: Albanian, Catalan, Croatian, French, Franco-Provençal, Friulian, Germanic, Greek, Ladin, Occitan, Romani, Sardinian, Slovene, Wenzhounese |
|  Italy portal |
- ^ Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
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- Italics indicate extinct languages
- Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.
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