Space domain awareness
Surveillance from and of the outer space environment
Space domain awareness is the study and monitoring of satellites orbiting the Earth. It involves the detection, tracking, cataloging and identification of artificial objects, i.e. active/inactive satellites, spent rocket bodies, or fragmentation debris.
Aims
Space domain awareness accomplishes the following:
- Predicting when and where a decaying space object will re-enter the Earth's atmosphere;
- Preventing a returning space object, which to radar looks like a missile, from triggering a false alarm in missile-attack warning sensors;[1]
- Charting the present position of space objects and plot their anticipated orbital paths;
- Detecting new man-made objects in space;
- Producing a running catalogue of man-made space objects;
- Determining which country owns a re-entering space object;[1]
- Informing countries whether or not objects may interfere with satellites and International Space Station orbits;
- Providing data for future anti-satellite weapons systems.
Systems
Systems include:
- The DEEP-Sight prototype, designed by Deepinder Uppal on behalf of the Defense Innovation Unit, this system is designed to provide space domain awareness across a broad-spectrum of SDA use cases to Space Force, the United States Navy and PSRA (Public Satellite Research and Analysis) teams. [2]
- The United States Space Surveillance Network which has detectors such as the Space Fence (replacing the now defunct Air Force Space Surveillance System) and Space Surveillance Telescope[1]
- The Russian Centre for Outer Space Monitoring with facilities such as Okno and Krona and Sazhen-S, used to analyse the orbital parameters of space craft.
- The French GRAVES (Grand Réseau Adapté à la Veille Spatiale) bi-static radar-based space surveillance system deploy by French Air Force
- The European Space Situational Awareness Programme with multiple assets in its Space Surveillance and Tracking Segment
- The Australian based Silentium Defence Oculus passive radar space observatory in Swan Reach, South Australia[3]
- The American National Reconnaissance Office's Skybarker satellites[4]
References
External links
- United States Space Surveillance
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space program
- Two Bombs, One Satellite doctrine (1966–1976)
- Shuguang program (1966–1972)
- Chinese ASAT program (1964–)
- Project 921 (1992–)
- Shenzhou program
- Tiangong program
- Space station
- Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (2003–)
- Mars and beyond
- European Launcher Development Organisation (1960–1975)
- Europa launcher programme (1962–1973)
- European Space Research Organisation (1964–1975)
- European Space Agency (1975–)
- EU/ESA Space Council
- European Cooperation for Space Standardization
- European Space Research and Technology Centre
- European Astronaut Centre
- ESA Centre for Earth Observation
- European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
- European Data Relay System
- Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (1983–2010)
- European Space Astronomy Centre (2005–)
- European Space Security and Education Centre
- European Space Operations Centre
- Guiana Space Centre
- Ariane launcher programme (1973–)
- Vega launcher programme (1998–)
- European Space Policy Institute
- Space Situational Awareness Programme
- Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
- ESA Television
- Mars and beyond
Horizon 2000 (1985–1995) |
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Horizon 2000 Plus (1995–2015) | |
Cosmic Vision (2015–2025) |
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- Western European Union Satellite Centre (1992–2002)
- EU Satellite Centre (2002–)
- EU/ESA Space Council
- EU Commission DG Defence Industry and Space
- European GNSS Supervisory Authority (2004–2010)
- European GNSS Agency (2010–2021)
- EU Agency for the Space Programme (2021–)
- Galileo programme
- Copernicus programme
- EGNOS programme
- EUSST programme
- Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
- European Union Aviation Safety Agency
- European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities
- European Defence Agency
- Europe by Satellite
initiatives and bodies
- AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe
- Eurocontrol
- Council of Europe
- Council of European Aerospace Societies
- European Broadcasting Union
- European Civil Aviation Conference
- European Committee for Standardization/European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
- European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
- European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
- European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
- European Patent Organisation
- European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
- European Southern Observatory
- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
space programme
- Creation of the British National Committee for Space Research (1958)
- Start of the Ariel programme (1962)
- Black Arrow launcher (1964–1971)
- Creation of the British National Space Centre (1985)
- Outer Space Act 1986
- Project Juno (1991)
- Space Innovation and Growth Team (2009–2010)
- Creation of the UK Space Agency (2010)
- Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015
- Space Industry Act 2018
- UK Global Navigation Satellite System (2018–2020)
- 2021 Integrated Review
Truman space policy | |
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Eisenhower space policy | |
Kennedy space policy | |
Johnson space policy | |
Nixon space policy | |
Ford space policy | |
Carter space policy | |
Reagan space policy | |
George H. W. Bush space policy | |
Clinton space policy | |
George W. Bush space policy | |
Obama space policy |
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Trump space policy | |
Soviet space program |
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Roscosmos |
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or inter-agency bodies
- African Space Agency
- Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
- Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
- Committee on Space Research
- International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
- Group on Earth Observations
- Global Standards Collaboration
- Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee
- International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'
- International Mobile Satellite Organization
- International Space Exploration Coordination Group
- International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board
- International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
- Intersputnik
- Orbital Debris Co-ordination Working Group
- Regional African Satellite Communication Organization
- Arab Satellite Communications Organization
- Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization
- Partial Test Ban Treaty (1963)
- Outer Space Treaty (1967)
- Rescue Agreement (1968)
- Space Liability Convention (1972)
- US-USSR Cooperation Agreement (1972)
- Satellite Convention (1974)
- Registration Convention (1975)
- Bogota Declaration (1976)
- Moon Treaty (1979)
- Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (1981)
- International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement (1988)
- International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement (1998)
- International Docking System Standard
- International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters' (1999)
- Cape Town Treaty, Space Assets protocol (2012)
- Artemis Accords (2020)
- Space jurisdiction
- Common heritage of mankind
- Extraterrestrial real estate
- Astronomical naming conventions
- ITU Radio Regulations
- CCSDS standards
- ODCWG standards
- CEOS standards
- COSPAR standards
- GSC standards
- GEO standards
- ISECG standards
- Various conventions, treaties, agreements, memorandums, charters or declarations establishing and governing intergovernmental organisations or inter-agency bodies dealing with space affairs
Space forces, units and formations | |
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Space warfare |
- Air & Space Forces Association
- Alliance for Space Development
- Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
- British Interplanetary Society
- Coalition for Deep Space Exploration
- International Academy of Astronautics
- International Astronautical Federation
- International Astronomical Union
- Lunar Explorers Society
- Space Exploration Alliance
- Space Fellowship
- Space Force Association
- Space Foundation
- The Planetary Society