Spirochaetaceae

Family of bacteria

Spirochaetaceae

A microscopic photograph of fluorescent-stained Spirochaeta americana
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Spirochaetota
Class:	Spirochaetia
Order:	Spirochaetales
Family:	Spirochaetaceae Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980)
Genera
Alkalispirochaeta "Candidatus Allospironema" Bullifex "Canaleparolina" Clevelandina Diplocalyx "Entomospira" Hollandina Marispirochaeta "Mobilifilum" Oceanispirochaeta Pillotina Salinispira Sediminispirochaeta Spirochaeta Thiospirochaeta
Synonyms
"Microspirochaetaceae" Gieszezykiewiez 1939 "Pillotinaceae" Margulis and Hinkle 1992 "Spirochaetidae" Enderlein 1917

The Spirochaetaceae are a family of spirochete bacteria. Some species within this family are known to causes syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and other illnesses.^[1]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) ^[2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[3]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023^[4]^[5]^[6]

120 single copy marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214^[7]^[8]^[9]

	Rectinemataceae

	Treponemataceae

Spirochaeta thermophila

Sediminispirochaeta Shivani et al. 2016

Marispirochaeta Shivani et al. 2017

Sphaerochaetaceae

Pleomorphochaeta Arroua et al. 2016

	Bullifex Wylensek et al. 2021

	Sphaerochaeta Ritalahti et al. 2012

Spirochaetaceae

	Spirochaeta lutea

	Salinispira Ben Hania et al. 2015

Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1835 non Turczaninow 1851

	Spirochaeta halophila

	Alkalispirochaeta Sravanthi et al. 2016

Spirochaetaceae 2

Spirochaeta species-group 2

Oceanispirochaeta Subhash & Lee 2017b

	Spirochaeta cellobiosiphila

	Thiospirochaeta Dubinina et al. 2020

	Spirochaeta aurantia

	Borreliaceae

"Borreliales"	Borreliaceae

"Entomospirales"	"Entomospiraceae"

DSM‑17781

DSM‑17781	Spirochaeta cellobiosiphila

Spirochaetales_E

DSM‑19205

Thiospirochaeta

Spirochaetaceae_B

	Spirochaeta species-group 2

	Oceanispirochaeta

"Sphaerochaetales"

Sphaerochaetaceae

Parasphaerochaeta Bidzhieva et al. 2020

Sphaerochaeta

	Bullifex

	"Ca. Ornithospirochaeta" Gilroy et al. 2021

"Marispirochaetales"

"Marispirochaetaceae"	Marispirochaeta

"Sediminispirochaetales"

"Sediminispirochaetaceae"	Sediminispirochaeta

Spirochaetales_A

Spirochaetaceae_A	Spirochaeta thermophila

"Salinispirales"

"Salinispiraceae"

	Spirochaeta lutea

	Salinispira

DSM‑8902	Spirochaeta africana

"Alkalispirochaetaceae"	Alkalispirochaeta

"Treponematales"

"Rectinemataceae"

	Breznakiellaceae

	Treponemataceae

References

^ Karami, Ali; Sarshar, Meysam; Ranjbar, Reza; Zanjani, Rahim Sorouri (19 October 2014). "The Phylum Spirochaetaceae". The Prokaryotes. pp. 915–929. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_156. ISBN 978-3-642-38953-5.
^ J.P. Euzéby. "Spirochaetaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-07-20.
^ Sayers; et al. "Spirochaetaceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

Prokaryotes: Bacteria classification

Domain

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukaryota

(major groups

Excavata

Diaphoretickes

Hacrobia

Rhizaria

Alveolata

Stramenopiles

Plants

Amorphea

Amoebozoa

Opisthokonta

Animals

Fungi)

Terrabacteria
BV1, BV3, BV5

others	Actinomycetota Acidimicrobiia Actinomycetia "Aquicultoria" Coriobacteriia "Geothermincolia" "Humimicrobiia" Rubrobacteria Thermoleophilia "Bipolaricaulota" "Bipolaricaulia" Chloroflexota "Caldilineia" Chloroflexia Dehalococcoidia Ktedonobacteria "Limnocylindria" Deinococcota "Deinococcia" "Dormiibacterota" "Dormibacteria" Armatimonadota "Abditibacteriia" Armatimonadia Chthonomonadia Fimbriimonadia "Heboniibacteriia" "Zipacnadia" "Eremiobacterota" "Eudoremicrobiia" "Xenobiia" "Eremiobacteria"
Cyanoprokaryota	Cyanobacteriota Cyanobacteria "Sericytochromatia" "Vampirovibrionophyceae" "Margulisiibacteriota" "Marinamargulisbacteria" "Riflemargulisbacteria" "Saganbacteria" "Termititenacia"
Firmicutes BV3 Low GC	Bacillota "Bacillia" Bacillota A "Clostridiia" "Thermoanaerobacteria" "Thermosediminibacteria" Bacillota D "Dethiobacteria" "Natranaerobiia" "Proteinivoracia" Bacillota E "Sulfobacillia" "Symbiobacteriia" "Thermaerobacteria" Bacillota G "Hydrogenisporia" Limnochordia "Desulfotomaculota" "Carboxydocellia" "Carboxydothermia" "Dehalobacteriia" "Desulfitobacteriia" "Desulfotomaculia" "Moorellia" "Peptococcia" "Syntrophomonadia" "Thermincolia" "Halanaerobiaeota" "Halanaerobiia" "Selenobacteria" "Selenomonadia"

CPR group

"Elulota"
- "Elulimicrobia"
"Patescibacteria"
- ABY1
- "Absconditabacteria"
- "Andersenbacteria"
- "Berkelbacteria"
- "Dojkabacteria"
- "Doudnabacteria"
- "Gracilibacteria"
- "Howlettbacteria"
- "Katanobacteria"
- "Kazanbacteria"
- "Microgenomatia"
- "Paceibacteria"
- "Saccharimonadia"
- "Torokbacteria"
- "Wirthbacteria"

Thermotogida

Synergistetes	Atribacterota Atribacteria Synergistota Synergistia
Thermocalda	Caldisericota Caldisericia Coprothermobacterota Coprothermobacteria Dictyoglomerota Dictyoglomeria "Lithacetigenota" "Lithacetigenia" "Thermodesulfobiota" "Thermodesulfobiia" Thermotogota "Thermotogia"

Fusobacterida

Fusobacteriota
- Fusobacteriia
"Macinerneyibacteriota"
- "Macinerneyibacteriia"
"Muiribacteriota"
- "Muiribacteriia"
"Rifleibacteriota"
- "Ozemibacteria"
"Walliibacteriota"

Hydrobacteria
BV2, BV4

Clade 1

"Aerophobota"
- "Aerophobia"
"Auribacterota"
- "Ancaeobacteria"
- "Auribacteria"
- "Erginobacteria"
- "Tritonobacteria"
"Desantisiibacteriota"
Elusimicrobiota
- Elusimicrobiia
- Endomicrobiia
"Firestoneibacteriota"
"Goldiibacteriota"
"Omnitrophota"
- "Omnitrophia"
- "Velamenicoccia"
"Ratteibacteriota"

Clade 2

"Abyssubacteria"
"Hinthialibacterota"
- "Hinthialibacteria"
"Hydrogenedentota"
- "Hydrogenedentia"
"Poribacteriota"
"Saltatorellota"
- "Saltatorellae"
"Sumerlaeota"
- "Sumerlaeia"

Spirochaeto
bacteriobiontes

"Babelota"
- "Babeliae"
"Lindowiibacteriota"
Spirochaetota
- "Brevinematia"
- "Brachyspirae"
- "Exilispiria"
- "Leptospiria"
- "Spirochaetia"

PVC group
(Planctobacteria)

Chlamydiota
- Chlamydiia
Planctomycetota
- "Brocadiia"
- Phycisphaeria
- Planctomycetia
- "Uabimicrobiia"
Verrucomicrobiota
- Kiritimatiellia
- Lentisphaeria
- Verrucomicrobiia

FCB group
(Sphingobacteria)

Bacteroidota
- Bacteroidia
- Chlorobiia
- "Ignavibacteriia"
- "Kapabacteria"
- "Kryptoniia"
- Rhodothermia
Calditrichota
- Calditrichia
"Cloacimonadota"
- "Cloacimonadia"
"Coatesiibacteriota"
"Cosmopoliota"
- "Cosmopolitia"
"Delongiibacteriota"
"Edwardsiibacteriota"
"Eiseniibacteriota"
"Electryoneota"
- "Electryoneia"
- "Tariuqbacteria"
"Fermentibacterota"
- "Fermentibacteria"
Fibrobacterota
- Chitinivibrionia
- Fibrobacteria
- "Raymondbacteriia"
Gemmatimonadota
- Gemmatimonadia
- "Glassbacteria"
"Heilongiota"
- "Heilongiia"
"Hydrothermota"
- "Hydrothermia"
- "Stahlbacteria"
"Krumholzibacteriota"
- "Krumholzibacteriia"
"Latescibacterota"
- "Handelsmanbacteria"
- "Latescibacteria"
"Neomarinimicrobiota"
"Marinisomatota"
- "Marinisomatia"
"Tianyaibacteriota"
"Zixiibacteriota"

Proteobacteria
BV2

Aquificida	"Acidulodesulfobacteriota" "Acidulodesulfobacteriia" Aquificota Aquificia "Desulfurobacteriia" Campylobacterota "Campylobacteria" Desulfurellia "Calescibacteriota" "Calescibacteriia" Chrysiogenota Chrysiogenia "Dadaibacteriota" "Dadabacteria" Deferribacterota "Deferribacteria" Desulfobacterota G Syntrophorhabdia "Thermosulfidibacterota" "Thermosulfidibacteria"
Deltaproteobacteria	Bdellovibrionota Bacteriovoracia Bdellovibrionia Oligoflexia "Binatota" "Binatia" "Deferrimicrobiota" "Anaeroferrophilia" "Deferrimicrobiia" "Deferrisomatota" Deferrisomatia "Desulfuromonadota" Desulfuromonadia "Lernaellota" "Lernaellia" "Methylomirabilota" "Methylomirabilia" "Moduliflexota" "Moduliflexia" Myxococcota Myxococcia "Bradymonadia" Polyangiia Nitrospinota Nitrospinia Nitrospirota Nitrospiria "Thermodesulfovibrionia" SAR324 "Lambdaproteobacteria" "Schekmaniibacteriota" "Tectimicrobiota" "Entotheonellia" "Thermodesulfobacteriota"
others	Acidobacteriota "Acidobacteriia" "Aminicenantia" Blastocatellia "Fischerbacteria" "Guanabaribacteriia" "Holophagia" "Polarisedimenticolia" Thermoanaerobaculia Vicinamibacteria "Canglongiota" "Canglongiia" "Leptospirillaeota" "Leptospirillia" Pseudomonadota "Caulobacteria" "Mariprofundia" "Magnetococcia" "Pseudomonadia"

others

"Qinglongiota"
- "Qinglongiia"
"Salinosulfoleibacteria"
"Teskebacteria"

Source: Bergey's Manual (2001–2012)
Alternative views: Wikispecies

Bacterial diseases due to gram negative non-proteobacteria (BV4)

Spirochaetota

Spirochaetaceae

Treponema	Treponema pallidum Syphilis/bejel Yaws Treponema carateum (Pinta) Treponema denticola
Borrelia	Borrelia burgdorferi/Borrelia afzelii Lyme disease Erythema migrans Neuroborreliosis Borrelia recurrentis (Louse borne relapsing fever) Borrelia hermsii/Borrelia duttoni/Borrelia parkeri (Tick borne relapsing fever)

Leptospiraceae

Leptospira	Leptospira interrogans (Leptospirosis)

Chlamydiota

Chlamydia	Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis) Chlamydia pneumoniae Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia Lymphogranuloma venereum Trachoma

Bacteroidota

Fusobacteriota

Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-bite fever/Haverhill fever)

Taxon identifiers
Spirochaetaceae	Wikidata: Q845770 Wikispecies: Spirochaetaceae CoL: GJV EoL: 310 EPPO: 1SPICF GBIF: 9542 iNaturalist: 356654 IRMNG: 106241 ITIS: 502 LPSN: spirochaetaceae NCBI: 137 Open Tree of Life: 992113 WoRMS: 566341