Infraorder of beetles
Staphyliniformia
Temporal range: Rhaetian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N |
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| Devil's coach horse beetle, Ocypus olens |
Scientific classification  |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Infraorder: | Staphyliniformia
Lameere, 1900 |
| Superfamilies |
| See text. |
Staphyliniformia is a large infraorder of beetles. It contains over 70,000 described species from all regions of the world. Most species occur in moist habitats - various kinds of rotting plant debris, fungi, dung, carrion, many live in fresh water.
Characteristics
Most Staphyliniforms are small to average sized beetles. The diverse group has few clear apomorphies. They have primitively 11-segmented antennae, a constricted neck well behind the eyes. The pronotum has a well defined, large lateral edge. Larval legs are 5-segmented, the 10th abdominal segment is often with more-or-less fine or strong spines or hooks. Urogomphi (paired "horns" at posterior tip of abdomen of larvae and pupae) with basal articulation.[1]
Systematics and evolution
Staphyliniformia belongs to the suborder Polyphaga and is usually given an infraorder or series rank. It contains three superfamilies:
Some recent studies also include the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (infraorder Scarabaeiformia), forming together the so-called Hydrophiloid lineage.[2][3] A sister group relationship of Hydrophiloidea and Histeroidea is strongly supported.[4]
The unambiguous fossil record dates back to Triassic, and an early Mesozoic origin of the group is probable.[5]
See also
References
- ^ M.Hansen. Phylogeny and classification of the staphyliniform beetle families (Coleoptera). Biologiske Skrifter 48, Copenhagen, 1997
- ^ M.S.Caterino et al., On the constitution and phylogeny of Staphyliniformia (Insecta: Coleoptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Vol.34, 3, 2005
- ^ J.Kukalova-Peck, J.F.Lawrence, (1993) Evolution of the hind wings in Coleoptera. Canadian Entomologist, 135, 181–258.
- ^ R.G.Beutel, R.A.B.Leschen, Phylogenetic analysis of Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera) based on characters of larvae and adults. Systematic Entomology (2005), 30, 510–548
- ^ Grimaldi, D. and Engel, M.S. (2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press
Data related to Staphyliniformia at Wikispecies
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- Crowsoniellidae (Crowsoniella relicta)
- Cupedidae (reticulated beetles)
- Jurodidae (Sikhotealinia zhiltzovae)
- Micromalthidae (telephone-pole beetle)
- Ommatidae
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| Extant families | - Amphizoidae (trout-stream beetles)
- Aspidytidae
- Carabidae (ground beetles)
- Cicindelidae (tiger beetles)
- Dytiscidae (predaceous diving beetles)
- Gyrinidae (whirligig beetles)
- Haliplidae (crawling water beetles)
- Hygrobiidae
- Meruidae (Meru phyllisae)
- Noteridae (burrowing water beetles)
- Trachypachidae (false ground beetles)
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| Bostrichiformia | | Bostrichoidea | - Bostrichidae (auger beetles)
- Dermestidae (skin beetles)
- Endecatomidae
- Jacobsoniidae (Jacobson's beetles)
- Nosodendridae (wounded-tree beetles)
- Ptiniidae (furniture beetles, death watch beetles, spider beetles)
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| Derodontoidea | - Derodontidae (tooth-necked fungus beetles)
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| Cucujiformia | | Chrysomeloidea | |
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| Cleroidea | |
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| Coccinelloidea | |
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| Cucujoidea | |
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Curculionoidea
(weevils) | - Anthribidae (fungus weevils)
- Attelabidae (leaf-rolling weevils)
- Belidae (primitive weevils)
- Brentidae (straight snout weevils, New York weevil)
- Caridae
- Curculionidae (true weevils, bark beetles, ambrosia beetles)
- Nemonychidae (pine flower weevils)
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| Lymexyloidea | - Lymexylidae (ship-timber beetles)
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| Tenebrionoidea | - Aderidae (ant-like leaf beetles)
- Anthicidae (ant-like flower beetles)
- Archeocrypticidae (cryptic fungus beetles)
- Boridae (conifer bark beetles)
- Chalcodryidae
- Ciidae (minute tree-fungus beetles)
- Melandryidae (false darkling beetles)
- Meloidae (blister beetles)
- Mordellidae (tumbling flower beetles)
- Mycetophagidae (hairy fungus beetles)
- Mycteridae (palm and flower beetles)
- Oedemeridae (false blister beetle)
- Perimylopidae, or Promecheilidae
- Prostomidae (jugular-horned beetles)
- Pterogeniidae
- Pyrochroidae (fire-coloured beetles)
- Pythidae (dead log bark beetles)
- Ripiphoridae (wedge-shaped beetles)
- Salpingidae (narrow-waisted bark beetles)
- Scraptiidae (false flower beetles)
- Stenotrachelidae (false longhorn beetles)
- Synchroidae (synchroa bark beetles)
- Tenebrionidae (darkling beetles)
- Tetratomidae (polypore fungus beetles)
- Trictenotomidae
- Ulodidae
- Zopheridae (ironclad beetles, cylindrical bark beetles)
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| Elateriformia | | Buprestoidea | - Buprestidae (jewel beetles, or metallic wood-boring beetles)
- Schizopodidae
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| Byrrhoidea | - Byrrhidae (pill beetles)
- Callirhipidae (cedar beetles)
- Chelonariidae (turtle beetles)
- Cneoglossidae
- Dryopidae (long-toed water beetles)
- Elmidae (riffle beetles)
- Eulichadidae (forest stream beetles)
- Heteroceridae (variegated mud-loving beetles)
- Limnichidae (minute mud beetles)
- Lutrochidae (travertine beetles)
- Psephenidae (water-penny beetles)
- Ptilodactylidae
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| Dascilloidea | - Dascillidae (soft bodied plant beetles)
- Rhipiceridae (cicada beetle, cicada parasite beetles)
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| Elateroidea | - Artematopodidae (soft-bodied plant beetles)
- Brachypsectridae (Texas beetles)
- Cantharidae (soldier beetles)
- Cerophytidae (rare click beetles)
- Elateridae (click beetles)
- Eucnemidae (false click beetles)
- Jurasaidae
- Lampyridae (fireflies)
- Lycidae (net-winged beetles)
- Omethidae (false fireflies, long-lipped beetles)
- Phengodidae (glowworm beetles)
- Rhagophthalmidae
- Sinopyrophoridae
- Throscidae (false metallic wood-boring beetles)
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| Rhinorhipoidea | - Rhinorhipidae (Rhinorhipus tamborinensis)
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| Scirtoidea | |
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| Scarabaeiformia | | Scarabaeoidea | - Belohinidae (Belohina inexpectata)
- Bolboceratidae
- Diphyllostomatidae (false stag beetles)
- Geotrupidae (dor beetles)
- Glaphyridae (bumble bee scarab beetles)
- Glaresidae (enigmatic scarab beetles)
- Hybosoridae (scavenger scarab beetles)
- Lucanidae (stag beetles)
- Ochodaeidae (sand-loving scarab beetles)
- Passalidae (betsy beetles)
- Pleocomidae (rain beetles)
- Scarabaeidae (scarabs)
- Trogidae (hide beetles)
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| Staphyliniformia | |
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Taxon identifiers |
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| Staphyliniformia | |
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