Sula language
Sula | |
---|---|
Sanana | |
Native to | Indonesia, Maluku |
Region | Sula Islands |
Native speakers | (20,000 cited 1983)[1] |
Language family | Austronesian
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | szn |
Glottolog | sula1245 |
Sula is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Central Maluku branch. It is related to the Buru language.
It is definitely endangered, currently under pressure from the local variety of Malay.[2]
Sula has borrowed many lexical items from Ambonese Malay, as well as Ternate, a more dominant language of North Maluku.[2]: 141, 342–535 Dutch loans have entered the language too, perhaps through Malay and Ternate. Standard Indonesian has also been influential.[2]: 141
Mangole is sometimes listed as a distinct language.[2]: 50
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | ʔ |
voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | ||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
Fricative | f | s | (ʃ) | h | ||
Trill | r | |||||
Lateral | l | |||||
Approximant | w | j |
Voiced consonant sounds /b d ɡ/ may also be heard as devoiced [b̥ d̥ ɡ̊] in word-final position.
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
/e/ can also be heard as [ɛ] in lax form.[2]
References
- ^ Sula at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c d e Bloyd, Tobias S. (2020). Sula: Its language, land, and people. University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.
Further reading
- Bloyd, Tobias (2020). Sula: Its Language, Land, and People (PhD thesis). University of Hawai'i at Manoa. hdl:10125/69017.
- v
- t
- e
Bima | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sumba–Flores |
| ||||||||||||||||
Flores–Lembata |
| ||||||||||||||||
Selaru | |||||||||||||||||
Kei–Tanimbar ? | |||||||||||||||||
Aru | |||||||||||||||||
Timoric * |
| ||||||||||||||||
Kowiai ? | |||||||||||||||||
Central Maluku * |
|
- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
This Austronesian languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
- v
- t
- e