Taeniodonta

Taeniodonta Temporal range: 70.0–39.7 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Late Cretaceous - Middle Eocene[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Clade:	Eutheria
Infraclass:	Placentalia (?)
Order:	†Taeniodonta Cope, 1876[2]
Families
[see classification]
Synonyms
list of synonyms: Ganodonta (Wortman, 1896) Stylinodontia (Haeckel, 1895) Stylinodontidae (Marsh, 1875) Taeniodontidae (Szalay, 1977)

Taeniodonta ("banded teeth") is an extinct order of eutherian mammals, that lived in North America and Europe from the late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to middle Eocene.^[3][4][5]

Taeniodonts evolved quickly into highly specialized digging animals, and varied greatly in size, from rat-sized to species as large as a bear. Later species developed prominent front teeth and huge claws for digging and rooting. Some genera, like Stylinodon, had ever-growing teeth.^[6] The scarcity of taeniodont fossils can be explained by the fact that these animals probably lived in dry or arid climates unconductive to fossilization.

According to 2022 studies of Bertrand, O. C. and Sarah L. Shelley, taeniodonts are identified to be a basal placental mammal.^[7][8] Genera Ambilestes, Procerberus and Alveugena are the immediate outgroup to Taeniodonta.^[9]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Taxonomy

From Thomas E. Williamson and Stephen L. Brusatte (2013):^[10]

• Order: †Taeniodonta (Cope, 1876)
  • Genus: †Schowalteria (Fox & Naylor, 2003)
    • †Schowalteria clemensi (Fox & Naylor, 2003)
  • Family: †Conoryctidae (Wortman, 1896)
    • Subfamily: †Conoryctinae (Wortman, 1896)
      • Tribe: †Conoryctellini (Schoch, 1982)
        • Genus: †Conoryctella (Gazin, 1939)
          • †Conoryctella dragonensis (Gazin, 1939)
          • †Conoryctella pattersoni (Schoch & Lucas, 1981)
      • Tribe: †Conoryctini (Wortman, 1896)
        • Genus: †Conoryctes (Cope, 1881)
          • †Conoryctes comma (Cope, 1881)
        • Genus: †Huerfanodon (Schoch & Lucas, 1981)
          • †Huerfanodon heilprinianus (Schoch & Lucas, 1981)
          • †Huerfanodon polecatensis (Schoch & Lucas, 1981)
          • †Huerfanodon torrejonius (Schoch & Lucas, 1981)
    • Subfamily: †Eurodontinae (Estavis & Russel, 1992)
      • Genus: †Eurodon (Estavis & Russel, 1992)
        • †Eurodon silveirinhensis (Estavis & Russel, 1992)
  • Family: †Onychodectidae (Winge, 1917)
    • Genus: †Onychodectes (Cope, 1888)
      • †Onychodectes tisonensis (Cope, 1888)
        • †Onychodectes tisonensis rarus (Osborn & Earle, 1895)
        • †Onychodectes tisonensis tisonensis (Cope, 1888)
  • Family: †Stylinodontidae (Marsh, 1875)
    • Subfamily: †Stylinodontinae (Marsh, 1875)
      • Genus: †Robertschochia (Lucas & Williamson, 2011)
        • †Robertschochia sullivani (Lucas & Williamson, 1993)
      • Tribe: †Ectoganini (Cope, 1876)
        • Genus: †Ectoganus (Cope, 1874)
      • Tribe: †Psittacotheriini (Schoch, 1982)
        • Genus: †Psittacotherium (Cope, 1882)
      • Tribe: †Stylinodontini (Marsh, 1875)
        • Genus: †Stylinodon (Marsh, 1874)
    • Subfamily: †Wortmaniinae (Schoch, 1982)
      • Genus: †Wortmania (Hay, 1899)

Phylogeny

References

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Eutheria

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Subclass: Theria
Synapsida see Synapsida Cynodontia see Cynodontia Mammalia see Mammalia Eutheria see below↓ Eutheria

Eutheria	†Acristatherium? †Ambolestes? †Bobolestes? †Cokotherium? †Durlstodon †Durlstotherium †Endotherium †Eomaia? †Hovurlestes †Hyotheridium? †Indoclemensia †Juramaia? †Montanalestes? †Murtoilestes? †Prokennalestes? †Sinodelphys? †Adapisoriculidae Adapisoriculus Afrodon Bustylus Deccanolestes? Garatherium Namibiodon Remiculus? Sahnitherium? Wyonycteris? †Asioryctitheria Asioryctes Bulaklestes Daulestes Kennalestes Sasayamamylos Uchkudukodon Ukhaatherium †Cimolestidae Acmeodon Alveugena Ambilestes Avunculus Bagalestes Batodon? Betonnia Chacopterygus Cimolestes Didelphodus Gelastops Ilerdoryctes Maelestes? Paleotomus Procerberus Protentomodon Puercolestes Scollardius †Didymoconidae Archaeoryctes Ardynictis Didymoconus Hunanictis Kennatherium Zeuctherium †Horolodectidae Ferrequitherium Horolodectes †Leptictida Gypsonictops Pseudorhyncocyonidae Diaphyodectes Leptictidium Phakodon Pseudorhyncocyon Leptictidae Amphigyion Blacktops Gallolestes Ictopidium Labes Lainodon Leptictis Leptonysson Megaleptictis Myrmecoboides Ongghonia Palaeictops Praolestes Prodiacodon Protictops Wania †Palaeoryctidae Aaptoryctes Aboletylestes Eoryctes Lainoryctes Naranius Nuryctes Ottoryctes Palaeoryctes Pararyctes Pinoryctes Tsaganius †Pantolesta Paroxyclaenidae Dulcidon Euhookeria Fratrodon Kiinkerishella Kopidodon Merialus Paraspaniella Paroxyclaenus Pugiodens Sororodon Spaniella Vulpavoides Pantolestidae Amaramnis Aphronorus Bessoecetor Bisonalveus Bogdia Bouffinomus Buxolestes Chadronia Coriphagus Cryptopithecus Dyspterna Galethylax Gobipithecus Kochictis Oboia Pagonomus Palaeosinopa Pantolestes Pentacodon Thelysia Todralestes †Taeniodonta Alveugena Onychodectes Schowalteria Conoryctidae Conoryctella Conoryctes Huerfanodon Stylinodontidae Chungchienia Ectoganus Psittacotherium Stylinodon Wortmania †Tillodontia Adapidium Azygonyx Basalina Benaius Dysnoetodon Esthonyx Franchaius Higotherium Interogale Kuanchuanius Lofochaius Megalesthonyx Meiostylodon Plesiesthonyx Plethorodon Simplodon Tillodon Trogosus Yuesthonyx †Zalambdalestidae Alymlestes Anchilestes Barunlestes Beleutinus Kulbeckia Zalambdalestes Zhangolestes Zofialestes †Zhelestidae Alostera? Aspanlestes Avitotherium Azilestes? Borisodon Eoungulatum Eozhelestes Gallolestes Kharmerungulatum Khuduklestes? Lainodon Mistralestes? Oxlestes? Paranyctoides? Parazhelestes Sheikhdzheilia Sorlestes Valentinella? Zhalmousia Zhelestes †Pantodonta see Pantodonta Placentalia Afrotheria Boreoeutheria Xenarthra

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