Timeline of Qom

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Qom, Iran.

Prior to 20th century

Part of a series on the

History of Iran

Prehistoric period

BCE / BC

Baradostian culture	c. 36,000–18,000
Zarzian culture	c. 20,000–10,000
Shulaveri–Shomu culture	c. 6000–5000
Zayandeh River Culture	c. 6th millennium
Dalma culture	c. 5th millennium

Ancient period

Kura–Araxes culture	3400–2000
Proto-Elamite	3200–2700
Jiroft culture	c. 3100–2200
Lullubi Kingdom/Zamua	c. 3100-675
Elam	2700–539
Marhaši	c. 2550-2020
Oxus Civilization	c. 2400–1700
Akkadian Empire	2400–2150
Kassites	c. 1500–1155
Avestan period	c. 1500–500
Neo-Assyrian Empire	911–609
Urartu	860–590
Mannaea	850–616
Zikirti	750-521
Saparda	720-670

Imperial period

Median Empire	678–550 BC
Scythian Kingdom	652–625 BC
Anshanite Kingdom	635 BC–550 BC
Neo-Babylonian Empire	626 BC–539 BC
Sogdia	c. 6th century BC–11th century AD
Achaemenid Empire	550 BC–330 BC
Kingdom of Armenia	331 BC–428 AD
Atropatene	c. 323 BC–226 AD
Kingdom of Cappadocia	320s BC–17 AD
Seleucid Empire	312 BC–63 BC
Kingdom of Pontus	281 BC–62 BC
Fratarakas	3rd-century BC–132 BC
Parthian Empire	247 BC–224 AD
Elymais	147 BC–224 AD
Characene	141 BC–222 AD
Kings of Persis	132 BC–224 AD
Indo-Parthian Kingdom	19 AD–224/5
Paratarajas	125–300
Sasanian Empire	224–651
Zarmihrids	6th century–785
Qarinvandids	550s–11th century

Medieval period

CE / AD

Rashidun Caliphate	632-661
Umayyad Caliphate	661–750
Abbasid Caliphate	750–1258
Dabuyids	642–760
Bavandids	651–1349
Masmughans of Damavand	651–760
Baduspanids	665–1598
Justanids	791 – 11th century
Alid dynasties	864 – 14th century
Tahirid dynasty	821–873
Samanid Empire	819–999
Saffarid dynasty	861–1003
Ghurid dynasty	pre-879 – 1215
Sajid dynasty	889–929
Sallarid dynasty	919–1062
Ziyarid dynasty	930–1090
Ilyasids	932–968
Buyid dynasty	934–1062
Rawadid dynasty	955–1070
Hasanwayhids	959–1095
Ghaznavid dynasty	977–1186
Annazids	990/1–1117
Kakuyids	1008–1141
Nasrid dynasty	1029–1236
Shabankara	1030–1355
Seljuk Empire	1037–1194
Khwarazmian dynasty	1077–1231
Eldiguzids	1135–1225
Atabegs of Yazd	1141–1319
Salghurids	1148–1282
Hazaraspids	1155–1424
Pishkinid dynasty	1155–1231
Khorshidi dynasty	1184-1597
Qutlugh-Khanids	1223-1306
Mihrabanids	1236–1537
Kurt dynasty	1244–1396
Ilkhanate Empire	1256–1335
Chobanid dynasty	1335–1357
Muzaffarid dynasty	1335–1393
Jalayirid Sultanate	1337–1376
Sarbadars	1337–1376
Injuids	1335–1357
Afrasiyab dynasty	1349–1504
Mar'ashis	1359–1596
Timurid Empire	1370–1507
Kar-Kiya dynasty	1370s–1592
Qara Qoyunlu	1406–1468
Aq Qoyunlu	1468–1508

Early modern period

Safavid Iran	1501–1736
(Hotak dynasty)	1722–1729
Afsharid Iran	1736–1796
Zand dynasty	1751–1794

Modern period

Qajar Iran	1789–1925
Pahlavi Iran	1925–1979

Contemporary period

Iranian Revolution	1979
Interim Government	1979
Islamic Republic	1979–present

Timeline

Iran portal

685 - Arab Shia refugees settle in Qom.^[1]
804/805 - Qom gains "administrative independence from Isfahan."^[2]
816 - Death of Fātimah bint Mūsā (sister of 8th Imam of Twelver Shia faith); shrine develops thereafter.^[1]
825 - Qom "attacked."^[1]
988 - Hasan ibn Muhammad Qumi writes Tarikh-i Qum (city history).^[3]
1050s - Hassan-i Sabbah born in Qom (approximate date).^[4]
1224 - City besieged by Mongol forces.^[2]
1393 - Timur in power.^[5]
1442 - City becomes seat of government of Timurid monarch Sultan Muhammad bin Baysonqor.^[2]
1447/1448 - City sacked by Qara Qoyunlu forces.^[5]
1469 - Ağ Qoyunlu in power.^[5]
1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Qom as a holy city (approximate date).^[6]
1722 - Qom sacked by Afghans.^[1]
1883 - "New court" built at the Fatima shrine.^[2]

20th century

1920 - Population: 30,000-40,000 (approximate estimate).^[7]
1922 - Qom Seminary (hawza) established.
1923 - Printing press in operation.^[8]
1950 - Population: 83,235 (estimate).^[9]
1960 - Population: 105,272 (estimate).^[10]
1963
- Mar'ashi Najafi library established.^{[citation needed]}
- Religious leader Khomeini arrested and exiled.^[2]
1966 - Population: 134,292.^[2]
1974 - Mohemmat Sazi Football Club formed.
1975 - "Riots involving 'Muslim Marxists.'"^[2]
1976 - Population: 246,831.^[9]
1978 - 7–9 January: Iranian Revolution against Pahlavis begins in Qom.^[2]
1982 - Population: 424,000 (estimate).^[11]
1996
- Center for the Revival of Islamic Heritage established.^[8]
- Population: 777,677.^[12]
1999 - February: Local election held.^[13]

21st century

2008 - Yadegar-e Emam Stadium opens.
2009
- December: Funeral of religious leader Hussein-Ali Montazeri.
- Qom Monorail construction begins.
2011 - Population: 1,074,036.^[14]
2013 - 14 June: Local election held.
2014 - City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 1.
2020 - 19 February: The first two cases of COVID-19 were detected in Iran.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Stanley 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Calmard 1980.
^ Drechsler 2005.
^ Daftary, Farhad (2011). The Ismā'īlīs: their history and doctrines (2 ed.). Cambridge New York, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 311. ISBN 9780521850841.
^ ^a ^b ^c Drechsler 2009.
^ Massumeh Farhad. "Qum". Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 13 February 2017
^ "Persia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust. Kom
^ ^a ^b J.T.P. de Bruijn, ed. (2008). General Introduction to Persian Literature. History of Persian Literature. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-650-5.
^ ^a ^b Barthold 1984.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161. Ghom
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Countries of the World: Iran". Statesman's Yearbook 2003. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-98096-5.
^ "Iran". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.

This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

George Nathaniel Curzon (1892). "(Kum)". Persia and the Persian Question. Vol. 2. London. pp. 6–12. hdl:2027/hvd.32044022702278.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Albert Houtum-Schindler (1897). "Province of Kom". Eastern Persian Irak. London: J. Murray and Royal Geographical Society. pp. 56+. hdl:2027/mdp.39015000658461.
"Kum" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 945.
C. A. Storey (1936). "History of Persia: Qum". Persian Literature: a Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Vol. 1. London: Luzac & Company. OCLC 1312518.
Laurence Lockhart (1960). Persian Cities. London. pp. 127–131. OCLC 1370385.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Jean Calmard (1980). "Kum". In C. Edmund Bosworth; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). Brill. pp. 369–372. via Google Books
W. Barthold (1984). "Isfahan, Kashan, and Qum". Historical Geography of Iran. Translated by Svat Soucek. Princeton University Press. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-1-4008-5322-9.
Ernst Hunziker (April 1994). "Qom: Holy City of the Mullahs". Swiss Review of World Affairs. Neue Zürcher Zeitung. ISSN 0039-7490.
Noelle Watson, ed. (1996), "Qom", International Dictionary of Historic Places, Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 600+, ISBN 9781884964039
Andreas Drechsler (2005). "Tāriḵ-e Qom". Encyclopædia Iranica. (About city history written in 10th century)
Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Qom", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO, pp. 301+, ISBN 9781576079195
Andreas Drechsler (2009). "Qom: History to the Safavid Period". Encyclopædia Iranica. (Includes bibliography)
Graeme Wood (2010), "Among the Mullahs", The Atlantic, US
Aḥmad Monzawī; ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī (2012). "Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Qom". Encyclopædia Iranica.

in other languages

António Baião (1923). Itinerarios da India a Portugal por terra (in Portuguese). Coimbra – via Digital Library of India.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Includes information about Qom)
Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad Qummī (1934). Jalāl al-Dīn Ṭihrānī (ed.). Tarikh-i Qumm (in Persian). Tehran. OCLC 54247737.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Written in 10th century in Arabic)
Fredy Bemont (1969). Les Villes de l'Iran (in French). Paris. pp. 179–182. OCLC 489929494.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Hossein Modarressi Tabataba'i (1971), Qom dar qarn-e nohom-e hejri, 801-900 (in Persian), Qom, OCLC 21745342{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Marcel Bazin (1973). "Qom, ville de pèlerinage et centre régional". Revue Géographique de l'Est (in French). 13 (1–2). ISSN 0035-3213 – via Persée.
M. Tabataba’i. Turbat-i Pākān [Monuments and buildings of Qom], 2 vols (Qom, 1976)
Andreas Drechsler (1999), Geschichte der Stadt Qom im Mittelalter (650-1350): politische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte, Islamkundliche Untersuchungen (in German), Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, ISBN 3879972761 – via Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt [de] Menadoc [de]
Djamileh Zia (2011). "Qom, la plus ancienne ville chiite de l'Iran". La Revue de Téhéran (in French) (72).

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Qom.

Houchang E. Chehabi (ed.). "Cities: Qom". Bibliographia Iranica. US: Iranian Studies Group at MIT. (Bibliography)
Items related to Qom, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
"(Qom)". Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran. Harvard University. Primary-source materials related to the social and cultural history of women's worlds in Qajar Iran
"(Qom)", Asnad.org: Digital Persian Archive, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Image Database of Persian Historical Documents from Iran and Central Asia up to the 20th Century
Items related to Qom, various dates (via Europeana)
Items related to Qom, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)