TranStar Airlines

Former Southwest Airlines rival, then subsidiary (1980-1987)
Muse Air
IATA ICAO Callsign
MC TST Muse Air
Founded1980
Commenced operationsJuly 15, 1981
(as Muse Air)
Ceased operationsAugust 9, 1987
(as TranStar)
HubsDallas, Houston
AllianceAirCal
Fleet size16
DestinationsTexas, California, Florida, Louisiana, Nevada, Oklahoma
HeadquartersHouston
Key peopleLamar Muse
Michael Muse
Herb Kelleher
Websitewww.museair.com
TranStar DC-9

Muse Air was a domestic U.S. airline founded in 1980, headquartered near Dallas Love Field in Dallas, Texas,[1] later moving to William P. Hobby Airport in Houston.[2] Southwest Airlines acquired Muse Air in 1985 and later renamed it TranStar Airlines, but it was unprofitable, and was shut down in 1987.

Muse Air

Company formation was announced October 27, 1980 in conjunction with an application to the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) as a Houston, Texas-based airline named Muse Air.[3] The driving force behind the airline was Michael Muse, former CFO of Southwest Airlines, the son of Lamar Muse, founding president and CEO (1971-1978) of Southwest Airlines. Lamar said of his son, “I told him that to begin with, he would have to do all the work and I would have to have all the fun,"[4] and said he was to step back once fundraising was complete.[5] Lamar's memoir says he helped his son start the airline in order to maintain a "tenuous" relationship with him.[6] However, the favorable reception by the CAB and investors was clearly due to the fact that Lamar was CEO and Chairman.[7] Further, initial advertising heavily emphasized Lamar. In April 1981, an initial public offering raised over $35mm, and an additional $75mm was raised in debt, making Muse Air the best capitalized airline startup to that point.[8]

Muse Air launched July 15, 1981 between Dallas Love Field (DAL) and Houston Hobby Airport (HOU) in 1981 with two McDonnell Douglas MD-80 aircraft, in head-to-head competition with Southwest's single busiest route. Muse offered a more upscale service (including assigned seating and other creature comforts) than Southwest, and was a nonsmoking airline. The August 1981 air traffic controller's strike, which suppressed the ability of airlines to fly at all for several years, almost immediately made things difficult for the company, though this constraint was relaxed somewhat on the collapse of Braniff in May 1982, allowing Muse Air to backfill for some of the lost capacity. As promised Lamar stepped back and let Michael take the lead, 33 years old when he officially became CEO.[9] Lamar retreated to his boat in British Columbia.[10]

Michael Muse did not have his father's experience, the deregulated era of the 1980s was much tougher than the regulated era in which Lamar had such great success at Southwest, but the most mystifying issue was why Michael insisted on competing with Southwest,[11] prompting observers to dub Muse Air "Revenge Air". Despite further capital raising,[12] by the end of 1984 the company was in trouble. Lamar Muse reached out to a friend, Harold Simmons, president of Amalgamated Sugar Company who offered funding on the condition that Lamar resume the position of CEO.[13] Lamar and Michael did not speak again for years.[14][15]

TranStar

Herb Kelleher, CEO of Southwest, offered to buy Muse Air, thereby relieving Lamar Muse of the need to stay CEO. The purchase price reflected a need to provide Harold Simmons with a healthy return on his investment.[16] The purchase was announced in March 1985, the deal closed June 25. Muse Air continued to operate as a subsidiary of Southwest, changing its name to TranStar Airlines in February 1986. Southwest continued to run TranStar as a somewhat more upmarket airline than Southwest based in Houston Hobby. This attracted the attention of Continental, which had a hub in the other Houston airport, Intercontinental, and was then run by Frank Lorenzo. Lorenzo was an old adversary, having run Texas International in the 1970s, when that airline came off much the worse as Southwest spread its service across Texas. Continental went after TranStar, which proceeded to make heavy losses. Kelleher recognized he'd miscalculated, shut TranStar on August 9, 1987[17] and sold many of the assets to Lorenzo.[18] At the time of his retirement as Southwest CEO, Kelleher saw his continued operation of Muse (in the form of TranStar) as his big mistake.[19]

Muse Air alliance with AirCal

In 1984, Muse Air entered into an alliance with California-based AirCal (formerly known as Air California) with connections being listed in its April 29, 1984 system timetable via Los Angeles (LAX) to and from AirCal flights serving Oakland, California (OAK), Portland, Oregon (PDX), Reno, Nevada (RNO), Sacramento (SMF), San Francisco (SFO), and San Jose, California (SJC) and Seattle, Washington (SEA).[20] The January 1, 1984 AirCal system timetable listed connections via Los Angeles (LAX) and Ontario (ONT) to and from Muse Air flights serving Austin (AUS), Houston Hobby (HOU), Midland/Odessa (MAF) and New Orleans (MSY).[20]

No smoking policy

Muse Air prohibited smoking on their flights long before the U.S. government implemented federal restrictions concerning smoking on board scheduled commercial airline flights.[21] The intent was to not tarnish the airline's brand new MD-80 aircraft. For four years, Muse Air had prohibited smoking on its flights however in 1985 the smoking ban was rescinded.[22]

Muse Air destinations in 1982

According to the September 15, 1982 Muse Air route map, the airline was serving the following destinations by the fall of that year:[23]

Muse Air destinations in 1985

According to its July 20, 1985 route map, the following destinations were being served by Muse Air shortly after its acquisition by Southwest Airlines:[20]

Muse Air also previously served Lubbock, Texas (LBB) in 1983, Ontario, California (ONT) in 1984, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (OKC) in 1985 and San Diego, California (SAN) in 1987.[20][24]

TranStar destinations in 1987

According to its June 15, 1987 route map, the following destinations were being served by TranStar shortly before the airline was shut down:[20]

TranStar also previously served McAllen, Texas (MFE) and Midland/Odessa, Texas (MAF) during 1986.[20]

Fleet

According to the Muse Air historical website, the airline operated the following jet aircraft during its existence as Muse Air and TranStar:[25]

The Muse Air historical website also states the airline owned two de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter STOL capable turboprop aircraft at one point; however, it appears they were not operated in scheduled service.[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. April 2, 1983. 924. "Head Office: Executive Tower, Suite 700, 3300 W. Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA."
  2. ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. May 16, 1981. 1452. "Head Office: Dallas Love Field,"
  3. ^ Former Southwest Airlines executives M. Lamar Muse and Michael..., UPI, October 27, 1980
  4. ^ Is Big Daddy Really Back? D Magazine, November 1, 1981
  5. ^ Muse, Lamar (2002). Southwest Passage. Eakin Press. p. 221. ISBN 1571687394.
  6. ^ Muse 2002, p. 220.
  7. ^ "Muse Air, Fitness Investigation". Civil Aeronautics Board Reports. Economic Cases of the Civil Aeronautics Board. Vol. 87. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. October 1980 – January 1981. pp. 1049–1070. Retrieved February 24, 2024.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  8. ^ Muse 2002, p. 222.
  9. ^ Muse Air Texas State Historical Association Handbook entry: November 1, 1995 updated May 27, 2021
  10. ^ Muse 2002, p. 225.
  11. ^ Fasten Your Seat Belts, Texas Monthly, November 1982
  12. ^ Briefs, New York Times, May 26, 1983
  13. ^ Texan's Bid to Save Muse Air, New York Times, January 19, 1985
  14. ^ The Grounded CEO, D Magazine, May 1990
  15. ^ M. Lamar Muse, 86; airline industry maverick had a hand in rise of Southwest Airlines, The Los Angeles Times, February 9, 2007
  16. ^ Muse 2002, p. 229.
  17. ^ TranStar shuts down operations, Austin American-Statesman, August 10, 1987
  18. ^ Texas Air To Buy 15 TranStar Jets, Tyler Courier-Times, August 14, 1987
  19. ^ The Chairman Of the Board Looks Back As Herb Kelleher hands over the controls, he tells FORTUNE's Katrina Brooker what it took to make Southwest Airlines a great--if wacky--company. How did he do it? His way. CNN Money, May 28, 2001
  20. ^ a b c d e f "index". Departedflights.com. Retrieved 2015-08-14.
  21. ^ "No smoking policy". AOPA Pilot. July 2011.
  22. ^ Kramon, Glenn. "Northwest Airlines Bans Smoking on Most Flights." The New York Times. March 24, 1988. 1. Retrieved on February 8, 2012.
  23. ^ "Muse Air September 15, 1982". 12 August 2021.
  24. ^ "Mc071584".
  25. ^ a b "MuseAir.com". MuseAir.com. Retrieved 2015-08-14.

External links

  • Muse Air: A history of an airline
  • Muse Air from the Handbook of Texas Online
  • Fleet Information from Air Fleets.net
  • Timetable images
  • NY Times article on shutdown
  • Code and fleet information
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