Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt

Ancient Egyptian dynasty
Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
1077 BC–943 BC
Gold funerary mask of pharaoh Psusennes I
Gold funerary mask of pharaoh Psusennes I
CapitalTanis
Common languagesEgyptian language
Religion
Ancient Egyptian Religion
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
Historical eraIron Age
• Established
1077 BC
• Disestablished
943 BC
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt

The Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXI, alternatively 21st Dynasty or Dynasty 21) is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, lasting from 1077 BC to 943 BC.

History

After the reign of Ramesses III, a long, slow decline of royal power in Egypt followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty ruled from Tanis, but were mostly active only in Lower Egypt, which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest Manetho of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".[1]

Pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty

Dynasty XXI Kings of Egypt
Pharaoh Image Prenomen (Throne name) Horus-name Reign Burial Consort(s) Comments
Smendes / Nesbanebdjed I Hedjkheperre Setepenre Kanakhtmeryreseuser Amunkhepesheferseqamaat 1077 - 1051 BC unknown Tentamun Only controlled Lower Egypt during his reign. Founder of the 21st Dynasty.
Amenemnisu Neferkare Heqawaset (unknown) 1051 - 1047 BC unknown
Psusennes I / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I Akheperre Setepenamun Kanakhtemdedamun Userfausekhaemwaset 1047 - 1001 BC NRT III, Tanis Mutnedjemet
Wiay 		Precise length of reign unknown. Either 41 or 46 years.
Amenemope Usermaatre Setepenamun (unknown) 1001 - 992 BC Tanis
Osorkon the Elder Akheperre Setepenre (unknown) 992 - 986 BC unknown
Siamun Netjerkheperre Setepenamun Kanakhtmerymat Sameryenamunperemhauef 986 - 967 BC unknown
Psusennes II / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II Titkheperure Setepenre (unknown) 967 - 943 BC unknown

Timeline of the 21st Dynasty

Psusennes IISiamunOsorkon the ElderAmenemopePsusennes IAmenemnisuSmendes

Footnotes

Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt
All years are BC
Early
Pre-dynastic period
First Dynasty I c. 3150–2890
Second Dynasty II 2890–2686
Third Dynasty III 2686–2613
Fourth Dynasty IV 2613–2498
Fifth Dynasty V 2498–2345
Sixth Dynasty VI 2345–2181
Seventh Dynasty VII spurious
Eighth Dynasty VIII 2181–2160
Ninth Dynasty IX 2160–2130
Tenth Dynasty X 2130–2040
Early Eleventh Dynasty XI 2134–2061
Late Eleventh Dynasty XI 2061–1991
Twelfth Dynasty XII 1991–1803
Thirteenth Dynasty XIII 1803–1649
Fourteenth Dynasty XIV 1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos) XV 1674–1535
Sixteenth Dynasty XVI 1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty 1650–1600
Seventeenth Dynasty XVII 1580–1549
Eighteenth Dynasty XVIII 1549–1292
Nineteenth Dynasty XIX 1292–1189
Twentieth Dynasty XX 1189–1077
Twenty-first Dynasty XXI 1069–945
Twenty-second Dynasty XXII 945–720
Twenty-third Dynasty XXIII 837–728
Twenty-fourth Dynasty XXIV 732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian) XXV 732–653
Twenty-sixth Dynasty XXVI 672–525
Twenty-seventh Dynasty
(1st Persian Period)
 XXVII 525–404
Twenty-eighth Dynasty XXVIII 404–398
Twenty-ninth Dynasty XXIX 398–380
Thirtieth Dynasty XXX 380–343
Thirty-first Dynasty
(2nd Persian Period)
 XXXI 343–332
Thirty-fourth Dynasty
(Roman Pharaohs)
 XXXIV 30 BC – 313 AD
See also: List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
Periodization of ancient Egypt
  • v
  • t
  • e
  1. ^ Kenneth A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC), 3rd edition, 1986, Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd, p.531

Further reading

  • Jaroslav Černý, Studies in the Chronology of the Twenty-First Dynasty, JEA 32 (1946), 24-30

See also

External links

  • http://www.narmer.pl/dyn/21en.htm