Type 2 Ho-I

Infantry support tank

Maximum speed 44 km/h (27 mph)

The Type 2 Gun tank Ho-I (二式砲戦車ホイ, Ni-shiki hōsensha Ho-I) was a derivative of the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tanks of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Similar in concept to the early variants of the German Panzer IV, it was designed as a self-propelled howitzer to provide the close-in fire support for standard Japanese medium tanks with additional firepower against enemy anti-tank fortifications.^[2]

History and development

Design work on the Type 2 Ho-I began in 1937, after experience in Manchukuo taught Japanese war planners that an armored vehicle with a larger weapon would be useful against fortified enemy positions such as pillboxes, against which the standard low-velocity 57mm and high-velocity 47mm tank guns were ineffective. Since this vehicle was to be able to keep up with the rest of an armored formation, the Japanese began work on mounting a Type 41 75 mm Mountain Gun onto the chassis of the Chi-Ha medium tank. The adapted mountain gun, known as the Type 99 75 mm tank gun, was completed in 1940. The gun could fire an assortment of ammunition, including a 6.6kg (14.5lb) armor-piercing shell and had a muzzle velocity of 445mps. By 1942 the Type 99 75 mm gun was fitted into a Type 97-Kai Shinhoto Chi-Ha turret, which resulted in the designated Type 2 Ho-I gun tank.^[1]^[2] The Type 2 Ho-I gun tank was intended to be part of a fire support company in each of the tank regiments.^[1]

Design

The 1941 prototype model, known as the Experimental Type 1 Ho-I, used the Type 97 Chi-Ha chassis.^[3] The production model utilized the chassis of the Type 1 Chi-He medium tank, which was itself a modified Type 97 Chi-Ha hull.^[4]

The main armament of the Type 2 Ho-I was a Type 99 75 mm tank gun, and secondary armament was a single 7.7 mm Type 97 Light Machine Gun in the hull.^[3] The short barreled 75 mm Type 99 Gun was mounted in a gun turret of the type used for the Type 97 Shinhoto Chi-Ha tank with modifications to accommodate the gun used and the addition of a large rear hatch.^[1]^[5]

Service history

As with other tanks and self-propelled guns, production was hampered by material shortages, and by the bombing of Japan in World War II. All 31 Type 2 Ho-I tanks produced were conversions from existing Type 1 Chi-He medium tanks.^[6] There is no record of a Type 2 Ho-I being used in combat prior to the end of the war.^[2]^[3]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Zaloga 2007, p. 21.
^ ^a ^b ^c History of War: Type 2 Ho-I Gun Tank
^ ^a ^b ^c Taki’s Imperial Japanese Army: Type 2 "Ho-I"
^ Zaloga 2007, pp. 20, 21.
^ Tomczyk 2007, pp. 21, 22.
^ Zaloga 2007, pp. 20–22.

References

Tomczyk, Andrzej (2007) [2002]. Japanese Armor Vol. 2. AJ Press. ISBN 978-8372371119.
Zaloga, Steven J. (2007). Japanese Tanks 1939–45. Osprey. ISBN 978-1-8460-3091-8.