USKOK
Body of the Croatian criminal justice system
- Tamara Laptoš
USKOK (Croatian: Ured za suzbijanje korupcije i organiziranog kriminaliteta, English: Croatian State Prosecutor's Office for the Suppression of Organized Crime and Corruption or Bureau for Combating Corruption and Organized Crime) is a body of the Croatian criminal justice system. USKOK is attached to the State's Attorney Office and specializes in investigations related to corruption and organized crime.
USKOK was formed in December 2001 and its headquarters are located in Zagreb.[1] The bureau's name is a bacronym from "uskok", a term used for a type of Croatian militia men, who had fought against the Ottoman Empire between the early 16th and 17th century.
In December 2008 the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Act were revised to strengthen USKOK. The revisions increased the tools available to authorities to fight corruption, specifically the possibility for seizing and forfeiting assets.[2] The revisions subsequently led both to a rise in the number of high level corruption prosecutions and the speed at which they are processed and completed.[2]
Since 2009, USKOK has a counterpart in the Criminal Police Directorate (governing the Croatian Police) which has an (intentionally) very similar name - the National Police USKOK (Croatian: Policijski nacionalni USKOK), as well as in the judiciary - the Court Departments for Criminal Cases in the Jurisdiction of USKOK (Croatian: Sudski odjeli za postupanje u predmetima kaznenih djela iz nadležnosti USKOK-a).[3] Described as "one of the world's most formidable anti-corruption outfits", the agency has prosecuted 2,000 individuals and achieved a 95% conviction rate (2012), including former Prime Minister Ivo Sanader.[4]
In its 2014 EU Anti-Corruption report, the European Commission commended USKOK's ability to "carry out impartial investigations into allegations of corruption irrespective of the political affiliation or connections of those involved".[5] But in a subsequent report in 2017, the EC noted enduring problems concerning inter-institutional coordination, and called the overall effectiveness of the institutional framework into question.[6]
References
- ^ About USKOK (in Croatian)
- ^ a b Pike, John. "Corruption in Croatia". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
- ^ "Antikorupcija: Izgradnja institucija zaduženih za suzbijanje korupcije" Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Kuris, Gabriel (7 August 2015). "The Little Anti-Corruption Agency That Could". Foreign Policy.
- Kuris, Gabriel (April 2013). "Cleaning House: Croatia Mops Up High-Level Corruption, 2005-2012". princeton.edu.
- ^ "ANNEX CROATIA to the EU Anti-Corruption Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-12-17.
- ^ "Corruption in the European Union" (PDF).
External links
- Official website (in Croatian)
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