Ulch language
Tungusic language of far eastern Russia
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| Ulch | |
|---|---|
| Нāнʼи хэсэни | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Khabarovskiy Kray |
| Ethnicity | 2,800 Ulch (2010 census)[1] |
Native speakers | 150 (2010 census)[1] |
Language family | Tungusic
|
Writing system | Cyrillic |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ulc |
| Glottolog | ulch1241 |
| ELP | Ulch |
 Ulch is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
The Ulch language, or Olcha, is a Tungusic language spoken by the Ulch people in the Russian Far East. The language is moribund, with only 150 speakers (2010 census).
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɪ ~ e | ə | ʊ ~ o |
| Open | a |
- Vowel length is also distributed.
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Alveolo- palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t | t͡ɕ | k | (q) |
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʑ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | x | (χ) | |
| voiced | β | (ɣ) | ||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Approximant | (w) | j | ||||
- [f] is a rare sound in native words.
- /β ɡ/ have allophones of [w ɣ].
- /k x/ can become uvularized as [q χ] before vowels /a o/.[2]
Alphabet
| А а | (а̄) | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Дʼ дʼ | Е е |
| (е̄) | Ё ё | (ё̄) | Ж ж | З з | И и | (ӣ) | Й й |
| К к | Л л | М м | Н н | Нʼ нʼ | Ӈ ӈ | О о | (о̄) |
| П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | (ӯ) | Ф ф | Х х |
| Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | ъ | Ы ы | ь | Э э |
| (э̄) | Ю ю | (ю̄) | Я я | (я̄) |
In brackets are letters that are used in writing, though not officially included in the alphabet.
References
- ^ a b Ulch at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Sunik, 1985
Bibliography
- Bitkeeva, A.N.; V.Y. Gusev; O.A. Povoroznyuk; D.A. Funk; N.V. Khokhlov; K.G. Shakhovtsov (2005). "Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia". UNESCO Moscow Office. Archived from the original on 28 July 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- Sunik, O. P. (1985). Ul'chskij jazyk: issledovanija i materialy. Leningrad: Nauka, Leningradskoe Otdelenie. 262pp.
External links
- ELAR archive of Endangered Tungusic languages of Khabarovskij Kraj (including Ulcha)
Ulch language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
Ulch language test of Wiktionary at Wikimedia Incubator
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