Ulmus × hollandica 'Klemmer'

Elm cultivar

Ulmus × hollandica 'Klemmer'
'Klemmer' foliage, Kew, before 1976
Hybrid parentage	U. glabra × U. minor
Cultivar	'Klemmer'
Origin	Belgium

Ulmus × hollandica 'Klemmer', or Flanders Elm, is probably one of a number of hybrids arising from the crossing of Wych Elm (Ulmus glabra) with a variety of Field Elm (Ulmus minor), making it a variety of Ulmus × hollandica. Originating in the Bruges area, it was described by Gillekens in 1891 as l'orme champêtre des Flandres in a paper which noted its local name, klemmer, and its rapid growth in an 1878–91 trial.^[1] Kew,^[2] Henry (1913),^[3] and Krüssmann (1976)^[4] listed it as an Ulmus × hollandica cultivar, though Henry noted its "similarity in some respects" to field elm Ulmus minor, while Green went as far as to regard it as "possibly U. carpinifolia" (:minor).^[5]

Etymology

The name 'Klemmer' derives from the Flemish for 'climber', a reference to the tree's rapid growth and lofty height.^[6] Klemmeri, used by the Späth nursery among others, is a misnomer, incorrectly implying a proper noun Klemmer.

Not to be confused with 'Klehmii', a cultivar of Ulmus americana named for Charles Klehm, an Illinois nurseryman.

Description

'Klemmer' is a tall, fast growing tree, with a straight cylindrical stem and ascending branches, initially forming a narrow, conical or pyramidal head which later broadens, and producing numerous root-suckers and some epicormic shoots.^[7] The bark, smooth in young trees, is later fissured. The leaves are ovate, up to 7.5 cm (3 in) long (Krüssmann says up to 10 cm) and up to 5.0 cm (2 in) broad, shortly acuminate at the apex, the upper surface dark green, scabrous and glabrescent, the margins slightly crispate.^[8]^[9]^[2] The seed is situated close to the notch of the samara.^[10] The timber is reddish in hue, strong but liable to warping. Feneau noted (1902) that young trees were susceptible to frost damage.^[11]

Pests and diseases

'Klemmer' has no significant resistance to Dutch elm disease.

Cultivation

Common in western Flanders by the 1880s, before the first Dutch elm disease epidemic, 'Klemmer' was widely supplied and planted in avenues across Belgium and northern France, where it was much esteemed for its timber and rapid growth. Nanot (1885) and Aigret (1905) reported it as planted in the environs of Paris.^[12]^[13] The Späth nursery of Berlin supplied an U. campestris Clemmeri to the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada, in 1893;^[14] by his 1903 catalogue Späth had renamed the cultivar U. Klemmeri, suggesting doubts about its botanical status.^[15] The tree was introduced to the USA c.1871, appearing in the catalogues of the Mount Hope Nursery (also known as Ellwanger and Barry) of Rochester, New York.^[16]^[17]

Notable trees

One of two specimens obtained in 1908 from the Barbier Nursery, France, by the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew survives at Wakehurst Place,^[6] maintained as a hedging plant, too low to attract the attention of Scolytus beetles.^[18] In the US, three 'Klemmer' elms survive (2018) at the Morton Arboretum, Illinois.^[19]^[9]

In 1997, a large European White Elm Ulmus laevis growing in the Ladywell Fields public park in Lewisham, London,^[20] was misidentified as a 'Klemmer' elm; an information board erected in front of the tree by Lewisham Council, still (2018) bears the erroneous name, and depicts another tree (one of the Morton 'Klemmer'^[9]).^[21]

Synonymy

l'orme champêtre klemmer: Gillekens, Éléments d'arboriculture forestière 41, 1891
'Klemmer Rouge': Feneau, Bulletin de la Société centrale forestière de Belgique, 9: 162, 1902.
Ulmus campestris (: minor) var. Clemmeri: Lavallée Arboretum Segrezianum. 235, 1877.
Ulmus klemeri: Späth nursery, Berlin, 1900.

Accessions

North America

Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 535–49^[22] 3 trees

Europe

Wakehurst Place Garden Wakehurst Place, UK. Acc. no. 1908–14108

References

^ Gillekens, Léopold Guillaume, Éléments d'arboriculture forestière (1891), p.40
^ ^a ^b Photograph of 'Klemmer' leaves in Kew in Gerald Wilkinson, Epitaph for the Elm, Hutchinson, London 1978 (ISBN 0099212803 / 0-09-921280-3)
^ Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. p. 1873.
^ Krüssmann, Johann Gerd, Handbuch der Laubgehölze (Vol. 3) (Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg, 1976); trans. Michael E. Epp, Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees and Shrubs (Vol. 3) (Batsford, Timber Press, Beaverton, Oregon, 1984-6), p.410
^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
^ ^a ^b Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. pp. footnote 1870, 1872.
^ Photo of Morton Arboretum 'Klemmer' (centre of picture)
^ "Herbarium specimen BR0000026204994V". Botanic Garden, Meise. Sheet labelled Klemmer rouge, Ypres area (C. Aigret; 1905); "Herbarium specimen - L.1587073". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Short-shoot leaves; sheet described as U. × hollandica Mill. 'Klemmeri' Rehder, Arnold Arboretum, 1930; "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1847085". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet described as U. × hollandica Mill. 'Klemmeri', Wageningen Arboretum, 1962; "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1847078". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Long shoot. Sheet described as U. × hollandica Mill. 'Klemmeri' (from Späth)
^ ^a ^b ^c cirrusimage.com Ulmus 'Klemmer' at Morton Arboretum
^ "Herbarium specimen - L.1587074". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Fruit; sheet described as U. × hollandica Mill. 'Klemmeri' Rehder, Arnold Arboretum, 1930
^ Feneau (1902). "Notes sur les diverses sortes d'ormes plantés dans l'arrondissement d'Ypres". Bulletin de la Société centrale forestière de Belgique. 6: 162–165. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
^ Nanot, Jules (1885). "Orme". Guide de l'ingénieur pour l'établissement et l'entretien des plantations d'alignement sur les voies publiques. Paris: Librairie centrale d'agriculture et de jardinage. pp. 32–38. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
^ "Famille XV – Ulmacées". Annales des travaux publics de Belgique. 62: 1226. 1905.
^ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). pp. 74–75.
^ Katalog (PDF). Vol. 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
^ 'Descriptive Catalogue of Ornamental Trees & Shrubs', no.2, Mount Hope Nursery, Rochester, 1871; p.6
^ "Holland Elm, Dutch Elm ( Ulmus hollandica )". Saylor Plants.
^ Webber, J. F. (2000). 'Insect Vector Behavior & The Evolution of Dutch Elm Disease'. in: Dunn, C. P. (ed.) The Elms - Breeding, Conservation & Disease Management. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-1-4615-4507-1
^ Photographs of Ulmus × hollandica 'Klemmer', Morton Arboretum, 'Ulmus Series', acorn.mortonarb.org
^ Johnson, O. (2011). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland, Kew Publishing, Kew, London. ISBN 9781842464526.
^ The Lewisham Elm: Article on www.treesforcities.org, www.waymarking.com [1], edithsstreets.blogspot [2]
^ "'Klemmer' at Morton Arboretum". Google Maps. May 2011. Retrieved 2017-06-12.

External links

Ulmus 'Klemmer', Michigan State University Plant Encyclopedia. [3] [4]

Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars

Species, varieties and subspecies

U. alata (Winged elm)
U. americana (American elm)
U. americana var. floridana (Florida elm)
U. bergmanniana (Bergmann's elm)
U. bergmanniana var. bergmanniana
U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla
U. castaneifolia (Chestnut-leafed or multinerved elm)
U. changii (Hangzhou elm)
U. changii var. changii
U. changii var. kunmingensis (Kunming elm)
U. chenmoui (Chenmou or Langya Mountain elm)
U. chumlia
U. crassifolia (Cedar or Texas cedar elm)
U. davidiana (David or Father David elm)
U. davidiana var. davidiana
U. davidiana var. japonica (Japanese elm)
U. elongata (Long raceme elm)
U. gaussenii (Anhui or hairy elm)
U. glabra (Wych or scots elm)
U. glaucescens (Gansu elm)
U. glaucescens var. glaucescens
U. glaucescens var. lasiocarpa (hairy-fruited glaucescent elm)
U. harbinensis (Harbin elm)
U. ismaelis
U. laciniata (Manchurian cut-leaf or lobed elm)
U. laciniata var. nikkoensis (Nikko elm)
U. laevis (European white elm)
U. laevis var. celtidea
U. laevis var. parvifolia
U. laevis var. simplicidens
U. lamellosa (Hebei elm)
U. lanceifolia (Vietnam elm)
U. macrocarpa (Large-fruited elm)
U. macrocarpa var. glabra
U. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa
U. mexicana (Mexican elm)
U. microcarpa (Tibetan elm)
U. minor (Field elm)
U. minor subsp. minor
U. minor var. italica
U. parvifolia (Chinese or lacebark elm)
U. parvifolia var. coreana (Korean elm)
U. prunifolia (Cherry-leafed elm)
U. pseudopropinqua (Harbin spring elm)
U. pumila (Siberian elm)
U. rubra (Slippery elm)
U. serotina (September elm)
U. szechuanica (Szechuan (Sichuan) or red-fruited elm)
U. thomasii (Rock or cork elm)
U. uyematsui (Alishan elm)
U. villosa (Cherry-bark or marn elm)
U. wallichiana (Himalayan or kashmir elm)
U. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana
U. wallichiana subsp. xanthoderma
U. wallichiana var. tomentosa

Disputed species, varieties and subspecies

U. boissieri
U. minor subsp. canescens (Grey, grey-leafed or hoary elm)
U. elliptica

Hybrids

U. davidiana var. japonica × U. minor
U. × arbuscula
U. × arkansana
U. × brandisiana
U. × diversifolia
U. × hollandica (Dutch elm)
U. × hollandica var. insularum
U. × intermedia
U. × mesocarpa

Species cultivars

American elm	American Liberty Ascendens Augustine Aurea Beaverlodge Beebe's Weeping Brandon Burgoyne JFS Prince II College Columnaris Creole Queen Deadfree Delaware Exhibition Fiorei Flick's Spreader Folia Aurea Variegata Great Plains Hines Incisa Independence Iowa State Jackson Jefferson Kimley Klehmii L'Assomption Lake City Lewis & Clark Littleford Maine Markham Miller Park Minneapolis Park Moline Morden New Harmony Nigricans Patmore Pendula Penn Treaty Princeton Pyramidata Queen City Sheyenne Skinner Upright St. Croix Star Valley Forge Variegata Vase Washington
Cedar elm	Brazos Rim
Chinese elm	A-1 A. Ross Central Park Blizzard BSNUPF Burgundy Burnley Select Catlin Chessins Churchyard Cork Bark D. B. Cole Drake Dynasty Ed Wood Elsmo Emer I Emer II Emerald Prairie Frosty Garden City Clone Geisha Glory Golden Rey Hallelujah Hokkaido Jade Empress King's Choice Littleleaf Lois Hole Matthew Milliken Nire-keyaki Ohio Orange Ribbon Pathfinder Pendens Prairie Shade Prince Richard Red Fall Sabamiki Sagei Seiju Select 380 Sempervirens Small Frye State Fair Stone's Dwarf Taiwan The Thinker Todd True Green UPMTF Ware's Yarralumla Yatsubusa Zettler Ulmus parvifolia f. lanceolata
European white elm	Aureovariegata Colorans Helena Ornata Pendula Punctata Urticifolia
Field elm	Ademuz Albo-Dentata Amplifolia Argenteo-Variegata Atinia Atinia Pyramidalis Atinia Variegata Bea Schwarz Biltii Christine Buisman Concavaefolia Coritana Cretensis Cucullata Cucullata Variegata Dehesa de Amaniel Dehesa de la Villa Dicksonii Dijkwel Erecta Folia Alba-Punctata Glandulosa Goodyeri Hoersholmiensis Holmstruph Hunnybunii Hunnybunii pseudo-Stricta Laciniata Lanuginosa Majadahonda Microphylla Pendula Microphylla Purpurea Microphylla Rubra Monumentalis Pendula Picturata Plotii Propendens Punctata Purpurascens Purpurea Retiro Reverti Rugosa Rueppellii Sarniensis Schuurhoek Silvery Gem Sowerbyi Stricta Suberosa Umbraculifera Gracilis Umbraculifera Viminalis Viminalis Aurea Viminalis Betulaefolia Viminalis Gracilis Viminalis Incisa Viminalis Marginata Viminalis Pendula Viminalis Pulverulenta Viminalis Stricta Virgata Webbiana
Japanese elm	Discovery Freedom Jacan JFS-Bieberich Mitsui Centennial Prospector Reperta Reseda Thomson Validation
Siberian elm	Ansaloni Aurea Aurescens Chinkota Dropmore Dwarf Weeper Green King Hansen Harbin Manchu Mauro Mr. Buzz Park Royal Pendula Pinnato-ramosa Poort Bulten Puszta Pyramidalis Fiorei Zhonghua Jinye
Winged elm	Lace Parasol
Wych elm	Albo-Variegata Australis Camperdownii Cebennensis Concavaefolia Cornuta Corylifolia Purpurea Corylifolia Dovaei Fastigiata Macrophylla Fastigiata Stricta Fastigiata Variegata Firma Flava Gigantea Gittisham Grandidentata Holgeri Horizontalis Insularis Latifolia Latifolia Aurea Latifolia Aureo-Variegata Latifolia Nigricans Luteo Variegata Lutescens Macrophylla Maculata Minor Nana Nigra Nitida Oblongata Pendula Macrophylla Pendula Variegata Pyrenaica Spectabilis Superba Tomentosa

Hybrid cultivars

Androssowii Amsterdam Arno Cathedral Clusius Columella Den Haag Dodoens Escaillard Fiorente Frontier Fuente Umbria Homestead Karagatch Lobel Morfeo Morton Morton Glossy Morton Plainsman Morton Red Tip Morton Stalwart Nanguen New Horizon Patriot Plantyn Plinio Rebella Rebona Recerta Regal Repura Revera San Zanobi Sapporo Autumn Gold Sapporo Gold 2 Stavast Toledo Urban Wanoux Wingham
Dutch elm	Alba Angustifolia Balder Belgica Blandford Canadian Giant Cicestria Cinerea Commelin Dampieri Dauvessei Daveyi Dumont Elegantissima Eleganto-Variegata Etrusca Fastigiata Fjerrestad Folia Rhomboidea Freja Fulva Gaujardii Groeneveld Haarlemensis Klemmer Loke Macrophylla Aurea Major Microphylla Modiolina Muscaviensis Odin Pioneer Pitteurs Serpentina Smithii Superba Tricolor Tyr Vegeta Viminalis Viscosa Wentworthii Pendula Wredei Ypreau
U. × intermedia	Coolshade Fremont Improved Coolshade Lincoln Rosehill Willis