Ulmus glabra 'Cornuta'

Elm cultivar

Ulmus glabra 'Cornuta'

Species	Ulmus glabra
Cultivar	'Cornuta'
Origin	Europe

The Wych Elm cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Cornuta', in cultivation before 1845^[1] – Fontaine (1968) gives its provenance as France, 1835^[2] – is a little-known tree, finally identified as a cultivar of U. glabra by Boom^[3] in Nederlandse Dendrologie 1: 157, 1959.^[4]

The cultivar 'Triserrata', usually considered a synonym of 'Cornuta',^[4] was first described by Kirchner^[5] in Petzold^[6] and Kirchner (1864) as U. triserrata Hort..^[7] It was distributed by the Späth nursery, Berlin, in the late 1890s and early 1900s as U. montana triserrata Kirch..^[8]

Description

'Cornuta' is distinguished only by the one or two cusp-like lobes either side of the apex of the leaf on strong-growing shoots, similar to Ulmus laciniata. Short-shoot leaves lack the cusps.^[9]^[1] Fontaine (1968) reported that 'Cornuta' had a more reddish-brown autumn colouring than other elms.^[2]

U. triserrata Hort. (syn. U. intermedia Hort.) was described in Petzold and Kirchner as "very similar to U. montana, but the leaves appear to be firmer, a little shorter, and widened towards the tip. The tip is very sharp-pointed, likewise the two large teeth, one on each side, in consequence of which the leaf appears tricuspidate. A form similar in appearance but less pronounced occurs in U. montana." Späth catalogues describe the leaf of U. montana triserrata as "usually three-pointed", but herbarium leaf-specimens in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh from Späth's specimens show a non-cuspidate leaf with a triserrate (triple-toothed) margin.^[10]

Pests and diseases

A cultivar of the Wych Elm, 'Cornuta' is susceptible to Dutch Elm disease.

Cultivation

Fontaine (1968) reported that a form of 'Cornuta' was cultivated along the Reguliersgracht, Amsterdam, "with reasonable success as a street tree".^[2] 'Cornuta' is now very rare in cultivation. Although introduced to North America, there is no record of its introduction to Australasia. One tree, possibly 'Cornuta', was planted in 1897 as U. montana laciniata syn. U. montana triserrata at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada.^[11] Three specimens supplied by Späth to the RBGE in 1902 as U. montana triserrata may survive in Edinburgh, as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. the Wentworth Elm);^[12] the current list of Living Accessions held in the Garden per se does not list the plant.^[13] A specimen obtained from Späth as Ulmus triserrata and planted in 1916 stood in the Ryston Hall arboretum, Norfolk,^[14] in the early 20th century.^[15]

Avenue of grafted 'Cornuta', Milletstraat, Amsterdam
A pruned 'Cornuta' in the same avenue, showing graft.

Notable trees

A very large tree survives at Meise, in Belgium; measured in 2002, it had attained a height of 35 m, and a d.b.h. of at 1.2 m. Several examples survive along Milletstraat in Amsterdam.^[16]^[17] Three heavily pruned trees, closely planted and now fused together as one stand behind the Centraal Museum in Utrecht, Netherlands.^[18]^[19]

Accessions

North America

Dominion Arboretum, Canada. Details not known.

Europe

Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG elm collection, as U. glabra var. cornuta. [2], 1 tree, at Sussex University.
Centrum voor Botanische Verrijking vzw, Kampenhout, Belgium.^[20]
Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. no. 18114,5,6,7.
National Botanic Garden [3]., Belgium. Details not known.
Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Ampfield, Hampshire, UK. Acc. no: 1982.0003.
Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection. 2 planted in De Kwakel, Kortenhoef (grafted on U. 'Lobel') 2009 + 2010.

Synonymy

Horned Elm: origin obscure
Ulmus campestris cornuta: David, Revue horticole II. 4: 102, 1845.
Ulmus corylacea var. grandidentata: Dumortier, Florula Belgica, 25, 1827.
Ulmus glabra var. grandidentata (Moss))^[1]
Ulmus intermedia Hort.: Kirchner[4], in Petzold[5] & Kirchner, Arboretum Muscaviense, 565, 1864, as name in synonymy.
Ulmus Montana (: glabra) var. corylifolia: Zapalowicz[6], Conspectus Florae Galiciae Criticus 2: 98, 1908.
Ulmus Montana (: glabra) f. lobata: Waisbecker [7], Oesterreichische botanische Zeitschrift 49: 67, 1899.
Ulmus Montana (: glabra) var. superba: Lavallée [8] Arboretum Segrezianum 237, 1877.
Ulmus scabra tricuspis ^[2]
Ulmus triserrata Hort. ex Dippel

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Krüssman, Gerd, Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees & Shrubs (1984 vol. 3)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d F. J., Fontaine (1968). "Ulmus". Dendroflora. 5: 37–55. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
^ kiki.huh.harvard.edu
^ ^a ^b Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
^ kiki.huh.harvard.edu
^ kiki.huh.harvard.edu
^ Petzold; Kirchner (1864). Arboretum Muscaviense. p. 567.
^ Katalog (PDF). Vol. 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
^ Bean, W. J. (1981). Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition. Murray, London. [1]
^ "Herbarium specimen - E00824876". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Sheet labelled U. montana triserrata; "Herbarium specimen - E00824877". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Sheet labelled U. montana triserrata
^ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). pp. 74–75.
^ Accessions book. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 1902. pp. 45, 47.
^ "List of Living Accessions: Ulmus". Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
^ rystonhall.co.uk/
^ Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogue. c. 1920. pp. 13–14.
^ "Ulmus" (PDF). Tuin & Landscape: 35. 2011.
^ "Milletstraat, Amsterdam". Google Street View.
^ "Monumentale boom > Duiveltjesiep utrecht". Bomenbieb.
^ "Tolsteegsingel, Utrecht". Google Street View.
^ Centrum voor Botanische Verrijking vzw: Voorraadlijst, accessdate: November 2, 2016

Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars

Species, varieties and subspecies

U. alata (Winged elm)
U. americana (American elm)
U. americana var. floridana (Florida elm)
U. bergmanniana (Bergmann's elm)
U. bergmanniana var. bergmanniana
U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla
U. castaneifolia (Chestnut-leafed or multinerved elm)
U. changii (Hangzhou elm)
U. changii var. changii
U. changii var. kunmingensis (Kunming elm)
U. chenmoui (Chenmou or Langya Mountain elm)
U. chumlia
U. crassifolia (Cedar or Texas cedar elm)
U. davidiana (David or Father David elm)
U. davidiana var. davidiana
U. davidiana var. japonica (Japanese elm)
U. elongata (Long raceme elm)
U. gaussenii (Anhui or hairy elm)
U. glabra (Wych or scots elm)
U. glaucescens (Gansu elm)
U. glaucescens var. glaucescens
U. glaucescens var. lasiocarpa (hairy-fruited glaucescent elm)
U. harbinensis (Harbin elm)
U. ismaelis
U. laciniata (Manchurian cut-leaf or lobed elm)
U. laciniata var. nikkoensis (Nikko elm)
U. laevis (European white elm)
U. laevis var. celtidea
U. laevis var. parvifolia
U. laevis var. simplicidens
U. lamellosa (Hebei elm)
U. lanceifolia (Vietnam elm)
U. macrocarpa (Large-fruited elm)
U. macrocarpa var. glabra
U. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa
U. mexicana (Mexican elm)
U. microcarpa (Tibetan elm)
U. minor (Field elm)
U. minor subsp. minor
U. minor var. italica
U. parvifolia (Chinese or lacebark elm)
U. parvifolia var. coreana (Korean elm)
U. prunifolia (Cherry-leafed elm)
U. pseudopropinqua (Harbin spring elm)
U. pumila (Siberian elm)
U. rubra (Slippery elm)
U. serotina (September elm)
U. szechuanica (Szechuan (Sichuan) or red-fruited elm)
U. thomasii (Rock or cork elm)
U. uyematsui (Alishan elm)
U. villosa (Cherry-bark or marn elm)
U. wallichiana (Himalayan or kashmir elm)
U. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana
U. wallichiana subsp. xanthoderma
U. wallichiana var. tomentosa

Disputed species, varieties and subspecies

U. boissieri
U. minor subsp. canescens (Grey, grey-leafed or hoary elm)
U. elliptica

Hybrids

U. davidiana var. japonica × U. minor
U. × arbuscula
U. × arkansana
U. × brandisiana
U. × diversifolia
U. × hollandica (Dutch elm)
U. × hollandica var. insularum
U. × intermedia
U. × mesocarpa

Species cultivars

American elm	American Liberty Ascendens Augustine Aurea Beaverlodge Beebe's Weeping Brandon Burgoyne JFS Prince II College Columnaris Creole Queen Deadfree Delaware Exhibition Fiorei Flick's Spreader Folia Aurea Variegata Great Plains Hines Incisa Independence Iowa State Jackson Jefferson Kimley Klehmii L'Assomption Lake City Lewis & Clark Littleford Maine Markham Miller Park Minneapolis Park Moline Morden New Harmony Nigricans Patmore Pendula Penn Treaty Princeton Pyramidata Queen City Sheyenne Skinner Upright St. Croix Star Valley Forge Variegata Vase Washington
Cedar elm	Brazos Rim
Chinese elm	A-1 A. Ross Central Park Blizzard BSNUPF Burgundy Burnley Select Catlin Chessins Churchyard Cork Bark D. B. Cole Drake Dynasty Ed Wood Elsmo Emer I Emer II Emerald Prairie Frosty Garden City Clone Geisha Glory Golden Rey Hallelujah Hokkaido Jade Empress King's Choice Littleleaf Lois Hole Matthew Milliken Nire-keyaki Ohio Orange Ribbon Pathfinder Pendens Prairie Shade Prince Richard Red Fall Sabamiki Sagei Seiju Select 380 Sempervirens Small Frye State Fair Stone's Dwarf Taiwan The Thinker Todd True Green UPMTF Ware's Yarralumla Yatsubusa Zettler Ulmus parvifolia f. lanceolata
European white elm	Aureovariegata Colorans Helena Ornata Pendula Punctata Urticifolia
Field elm	Ademuz Albo-Dentata Amplifolia Argenteo-Variegata Atinia Atinia Pyramidalis Atinia Variegata Bea Schwarz Biltii Christine Buisman Concavaefolia Coritana Cretensis Cucullata Cucullata Variegata Dehesa de Amaniel Dehesa de la Villa Dicksonii Dijkwel Erecta Folia Alba-Punctata Glandulosa Goodyeri Hoersholmiensis Holmstruph Hunnybunii Hunnybunii pseudo-Stricta Laciniata Lanuginosa Majadahonda Microphylla Pendula Microphylla Purpurea Microphylla Rubra Monumentalis Pendula Picturata Plotii Propendens Punctata Purpurascens Purpurea Retiro Reverti Rugosa Rueppellii Sarniensis Schuurhoek Silvery Gem Sowerbyi Stricta Suberosa Umbraculifera Gracilis Umbraculifera Viminalis Viminalis Aurea Viminalis Betulaefolia Viminalis Gracilis Viminalis Incisa Viminalis Marginata Viminalis Pendula Viminalis Pulverulenta Viminalis Stricta Virgata Webbiana
Japanese elm	Discovery Freedom Jacan JFS-Bieberich Mitsui Centennial Prospector Reperta Reseda Thomson Validation
Siberian elm	Ansaloni Aurea Aurescens Chinkota Dropmore Dwarf Weeper Green King Hansen Harbin Manchu Mauro Mr. Buzz Park Royal Pendula Pinnato-ramosa Poort Bulten Puszta Pyramidalis Fiorei Zhonghua Jinye
Winged elm	Lace Parasol
Wych elm	Albo-Variegata Australis Camperdownii Cebennensis Concavaefolia Cornuta Corylifolia Purpurea Corylifolia Dovaei Fastigiata Macrophylla Fastigiata Stricta Fastigiata Variegata Firma Flava Gigantea Gittisham Grandidentata Holgeri Horizontalis Insularis Latifolia Latifolia Aurea Latifolia Aureo-Variegata Latifolia Nigricans Luteo Variegata Lutescens Macrophylla Maculata Minor Nana Nigra Nitida Oblongata Pendula Macrophylla Pendula Variegata Pyrenaica Spectabilis Superba Tomentosa

Hybrid cultivars

Androssowii Amsterdam Arno Cathedral Clusius Columella Den Haag Dodoens Escaillard Fiorente Frontier Fuente Umbria Homestead Karagatch Lobel Morfeo Morton Morton Glossy Morton Plainsman Morton Red Tip Morton Stalwart Nanguen New Horizon Patriot Plantyn Plinio Rebella Rebona Recerta Regal Repura Revera San Zanobi Sapporo Autumn Gold Sapporo Gold 2 Stavast Toledo Urban Wanoux Wingham
Dutch elm	Alba Angustifolia Balder Belgica Blandford Canadian Giant Cicestria Cinerea Commelin Dampieri Dauvessei Daveyi Dumont Elegantissima Eleganto-Variegata Etrusca Fastigiata Fjerrestad Folia Rhomboidea Freja Fulva Gaujardii Groeneveld Haarlemensis Klemmer Loke Macrophylla Aurea Major Microphylla Modiolina Muscaviensis Odin Pioneer Pitteurs Serpentina Smithii Superba Tricolor Tyr Vegeta Viminalis Viscosa Wentworthii Pendula Wredei Ypreau
U. × intermedia	Coolshade Fremont Improved Coolshade Lincoln Rosehill Willis