Ulmus minor 'Bea Schwarz'
Ulmus minor 'Bea Schwarz' | |
---|---|
'Bea Schwarz', Amsterdam. | |
Cultivar | 'Bea Schwarz' |
Origin | Netherlands |
The elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Bea Schwarz' was cloned (as No. 62) at Wageningen in the Netherlands, by the elm disease committee, from a selection of Ulmus minor found in France in 1939. However, specimens of the tree grown in the UK and the United States are falsely treated as Ulmus × hollandica (after Fontaine [1]).
Description
The leaves are ovoid to oval (6 to 10 cm), emerging more or less purple-red; the underside is pillose.[1][2] The tree is considered of poor growth and shape if grafted on U. × hollandica rootstock.[3] Nowadays it is sparsely grown on its own rootstock.
Pests and diseases
Not resistant to the second, more virulent, strain of Dutch elm disease, (O. novo-ulmi), but more resistant to Coral Spot fungus Nectria cinnabarina than its forebear 'Christine Buisman'.
Cultivation
Commercial production was discontinued in the Netherlands soon after its release in 1948.[4][5][6] Nevertheless, its moderate resistance to Dutch elm disease saw it, or its selfed progeny, successfully used in later Dutch hybridizations, notably 'Nanguen' = Lutèce. 'Bea Schwarz' was later propagated and marketed in the UK by the Hillier & Sons nursery, Winchester, Hampshire from 1967 to 1977, when production ceased with the advent of the more virulent form of Dutch elm disease.[7][8]
- 'Bea Schwarz' on the left with later replacements on the right. Noordzijde, Sloterplas, Amsterdam, 2012.[9]
Notable trees
The largest known examples in the UK grow along Crespin Way, Hollingdean, Brighton; planted in 1964, they measured 19 m high by 50 cm d.b.h. in 2009.[10]
Hybrid cultivars
- 'Nanguen' = Lutèce, 'Clusius', 'Lobel', (all from crossings with clone '336', 'Bea Schwarz' selfed), Ulmus 'Amsterdam' (possibly from an open pollination of 'Bea Schwarz' and sometimes called Ulmus minor 'Amsterdam' in the Netherlands).[11]
Etymology
The tree is named for Bea Schwarz, the Dutch phytopathologist who identified the Asian fungus known as Dutch elm disease in the 1920s.
Accessions
North America
- Arnold Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 151–61, 276–62
- Holden Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 57–1243
- Longwood Gardens, US. Acc. no. 1967–0876
Europe
- Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection.[12]
- Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 1275
- Netherlands Plant Collection Ulmus, Wijdemeren, North Holland, Netherlands, planted on its own rootstock 2019, Location Dennenlaan, Loosdrecht[13]
Nurseries
Europe
- Noordplant [2], Glimmen, Netherlands.
References
- ^ a b F. J., Fontaine (1968). "Ulmus". Dendroflora. 5: 37–55. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
- ^ "Herbarium specimen - L.1586828". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled Ulmus 'Bea Schwarz', Baarn, 1948; "Herbarium specimen - L%20%200940206". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled Ulmus 'Bea Schwarz', Baarn, 1949; "Herbarium specimen DOV0038308". Delaware State University, Claude E. Phillips Herbarium. Sheet labelled U. × hollandica 'Bea Schwarz'; leaves specimen; "Herbarium specimen DOV0038308". Delaware State University, Claude E. Phillips Herbarium. Sheet labelled U. × hollandica 'Bea Schwarz'; flowers specimen
- ^ Photograph of free-standing 'Bea Schwarz' elm, [1].
- ^ Heybroek, Hans M. (1983). Burdekin, D.A. (ed.). "Resistant elms for Europe" (PDF). Forestry Commission Bulletin (Research on Dutch Elm Disease in Europe) (60). London: HMSO: 108–113.
- ^ Heybroek, H.M. (1993). "The Dutch Elm Breeding Program". In Sticklen, Mariam B.; Sherald, James L. (eds.). Dutch Elm Disease Research. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag. pp. 16–25. ISBN 978-1-4615-6874-2. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ Went, J. C. (1954). Tijschr. Plantenziekten 60: 109-127, 1954.
- ^ Hillier & Sons (1977). Catalogue of Trees & Shrubs. Hillier, Ampfield, UK.
- ^ Hillier & Sons Sales inventory 1962 to 1977 (unpublished).
- ^ "Noordzijde near sloterplas". Retrieved 21 February 2019.
- ^ Johnson, O. (2011). Champion trees of Britain & Ireland, p.167. Kew Publishing, Kew London. ISBN 978-1-84246-452-6
- ^ Tijdgat, M. (2020): Ulmus – Gebruikswaarde- en sortimentsonderzoek in de praktijk. Dendroflora Nr. 56-2020, p.73 Koninklijke Vereniging voor Boskoopse Culturen & Nederlandse Dendrologische Vereniging
- ^ "List of plants in the {elm} collection". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- ^ Netherlands Plant Collection: Iepen, Ulmus
- v
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- U. alata (Winged elm)
- U. americana (American elm)
- U. americana var. floridana (Florida elm)
- U. bergmanniana (Bergmann's elm)
- U. bergmanniana var. bergmanniana
- U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla
- U. castaneifolia (Chestnut-leafed or multinerved elm)
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- U. changii var. changii
- U. changii var. kunmingensis (Kunming elm)
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- U. chumlia
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- U. davidiana var. davidiana
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- U. glaucescens (Gansu elm)
- U. glaucescens var. glaucescens
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- U. ismaelis
- U. laciniata (Manchurian cut-leaf or lobed elm)
- U. laciniata var. nikkoensis (Nikko elm)
- U. laevis (European white elm)
- U. laevis var. celtidea
- U. laevis var. parvifolia
- U. laevis var. simplicidens
- U. lamellosa (Hebei elm)
- U. lanceifolia (Vietnam elm)
- U. macrocarpa (Large-fruited elm)
- U. macrocarpa var. glabra
- U. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa
- U. mexicana (Mexican elm)
- U. microcarpa (Tibetan elm)
- U. minor (Field elm)
- U. minor subsp. minor
- U. minor var. italica
- U. parvifolia (Chinese or lacebark elm)
- U. parvifolia var. coreana (Korean elm)
- U. prunifolia (Cherry-leafed elm)
- U. pseudopropinqua (Harbin spring elm)
- U. pumila (Siberian elm)
- U. rubra (Slippery elm)
- U. serotina (September elm)
- U. szechuanica (Szechuan (Sichuan) or red-fruited elm)
- U. thomasii (Rock or cork elm)
- U. uyematsui (Alishan elm)
- U. villosa (Cherry-bark or marn elm)
- U. wallichiana (Himalayan or kashmir elm)
- U. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana
- U. wallichiana subsp. xanthoderma
- U. wallichiana var. tomentosa
- U. boissieri
- U. minor subsp. canescens (Grey, grey-leafed or hoary elm)
- U. elliptica
- U. davidiana var. japonica × U. minor
- U. × arbuscula
- U. × arkansana
- U. × brandisiana
- U. × diversifolia
- U. × hollandica (Dutch elm)
- U. × hollandica var. insularum
- U. × intermedia
- U. × mesocarpa
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