Ulmus pumila 'Pendula'

Elm cultivar

Ulmus pumila 'Pendula'
U. pumila 'Pendula', Fengtai, 1908
Species	Ulmus pumila
Cultivar	'Pendula'
Origin	China

The Siberian Elm cultivar Ulmus pumila 'Pendula' is from northern China, where it is known as Lung chao yü shu (: Dragon's-claw elm).^[1] It was classified by Frank Meyer in Fengtai in 1908,^[2] and introduced to the United States by him from the Peking Botanical Garden^[1] as Weeping Chinese Elm.^[3] The USDA plant inventory record (1916) noted that it was a "rare variety even in China".^[3] It was confirmed as an U. pumila cultivar by Krüssmann (1962).^[4]

Late 19th-century herbarium leaf-specimens suggest that the epithet 'Pendula' has been attached to more than one form of Siberian elm.^[5]

The name 'Weeping Chinese Elm' is now sometimes used for Ulmus parvifolia 'Sempervirens', a cultivar of the true Chinese Elm.

Description

Green described 'Pumila' as having pendulous branches bearing small leaves with equal teeth.^[6]^[7] Frank Meyer's clone from China is a straggling, asymmetrical tree with twisting, often level boughs and occasional tangled branch-ends, and with long pendulous pinnate branchlets, like stouter versions of 'Pinnato-ramosa'.^[3] The latter appear in Meyer's 1913 photograph of a specimen in the Peking Botanic Garden.^[8]^[9] The tree is smaller than 'Pinnato-ramosa' and does not grow to large dimensions.^[1]

U. pumila 'Pendula', Royal Crescent, Edinburgh (2016)
Same tree
Upper trunk
Bark and foliage
Pressed leaves of U. pumila 'Pendula', August

Pests and diseases

See under Ulmus pumila.

Cultivation

Meyer's elm is still cultivated in China, where its asymmetrical, contorted habit is clear even in young specimens.^[10]^[2]^[11] It is more rarely cultivated in Europe and North America; it is said to have been "widely distributed" in the northwestern States.^[3] The USDA noted (1916) that it "shows up particularly well when planted on embankments alongside water expanses".^[1] The tree probably survives in the Longenecker Horticultural Gardens, University of Wisconsin;^[12] however, all the specimens grown at the Morton Arboretum, Illinois, obtained in the 1950s had either died or been felled by 2008 because of their poor condition.

Standards supplied in the West today as U. pumila 'Pendula' appear to be a more symmetrical and neatly shaped clone than Meyer's.^[13]

Ulmus pumila 'Pendula' in Urumqi Botanical Garden, Xinjiang, China

Notable trees

Old examples of 'Pendula', resembling Meyer's 1908 photograph of a mature specimen in Fengtai,^[2] survive in Edinburgh (2018). The largest (height 12 m, girth over 2 m), presumably the UK champion, was planted on the Granton Road railway station embankment, and now overlooks Ferry Road Path, between 7 and 9 Rosebank Rd.^[14] Two others stand at the intersection of Royal Crescent and Dundonald St and at 47 York Rd (formerly Trinity railway station). There are trees of the same type opposite the Rosebank Rd elm on the other side of Ferry Road Path. The USDA (1916) recommended the cultivar for planting on bank tops, where its silhouette could best be appreciated.^[3] Most of the Edinburgh specimens have been planted in such locations. A probable example grows at the Friston Forest car park in East Sussex, England; cloned in 2011, a specimen is now under analysis at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. ^{[citation needed]}

Meyer's elm, U. pumila 'Pendula', Ferry Road Path (Rosebank Road), Edinburgh, after loss of long lateral branch
Tangled branch-ends of same
Pendulous shoots of same
Bark of same
Same, summer, after loss of long lateral branch (2017)

Accessions

Europe

Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 1143.

Synonymy

Ulmus campestris (: minor) pendula.^[15]
Ulmus sibirica Hort..^[16]
Ulmus pumila Linn. cv. 'Pendula' Kirchner.

Nurseries

Europe

Plantenmarkt Boskoop, 3755 MX Eemnes, Netherlands

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "April–June 1915". Inventory of seeds and plants imported. USDA. March 1918. p. 41.
^ ^a ^b ^c "A Weeping form of the Chinese elm". Inventory of seeds and plants imported. USDA. March 1918. p. Plate 2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Variety Conservation Group, 'Missing or confused cultivars'
^ Krüssmann, J. G., Handbuch der Laubgehölze 2: 540. 1962.
^ "Herbarium specimen - E00824819". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
^ "Herbarium specimen - L.1582544". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. pumila L. 'Pendula' (specimen in Zuiderpark, The Hague, 1940); "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846111". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Formerly labelled U. pumila 'Pendula' (Wageningen Arboretum, 1962); "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846110". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Formerly labelled U. pumila 'Pendula' (Wageningen Arboretum, 1962)
^ "Peking - Botanic garden Ulmus pumila var. pendula (1913)". images.hollis.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
^ "Peking - Botanic garden Ulmus pumila var. pendula (1915)". images.hollis.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
^ Ulmus pumila 'Pendula' in China, zhiwutong.com Other Ulmus pumila 'Pendula' in China, zhiwutong.com
^ "中国自然标本馆". Cfh.ac.cn. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
^ "'Pendula' in Longenecker Horticultural Gardens". Hort.net. Retrieved 2013-08-30.
^ 'Weeping Siberian Elm', plants.gardensupplyco.com
^ Google Maps: Rosebank Rd elm, May 2014, before loss of lateral branch - Google Maps, accessdate: August 30, 2016
^ David, Armand (1845). "Revue horticole". 2 (4): 101. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Lavallée, Alphonse (1877). Arboretum Segrezianum. p. 237.

External links

Photographs labelled U. pumila 'Pendula' on Plant Photo Bank of China, ppbc.iplant
Photographs labelled U. pumila 'Tenue', a narrow-leaved pendulous U. pumila cultivar in China, on Plant Photo Bank of China, ppbc.iplant

Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars

Species, varieties and subspecies

U. alata (Winged elm)
U. americana (American elm)
U. americana var. floridana (Florida elm)
U. bergmanniana (Bergmann's elm)
U. bergmanniana var. bergmanniana
U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla
U. castaneifolia (Chestnut-leafed or multinerved elm)
U. changii (Hangzhou elm)
U. changii var. changii
U. changii var. kunmingensis (Kunming elm)
U. chenmoui (Chenmou or Langya Mountain elm)
U. chumlia
U. crassifolia (Cedar or Texas cedar elm)
U. davidiana (David or Father David elm)
U. davidiana var. davidiana
U. davidiana var. japonica (Japanese elm)
U. elongata (Long raceme elm)
U. gaussenii (Anhui or hairy elm)
U. glabra (Wych or scots elm)
U. glaucescens (Gansu elm)
U. glaucescens var. glaucescens
U. glaucescens var. lasiocarpa (hairy-fruited glaucescent elm)
U. harbinensis (Harbin elm)
U. ismaelis
U. laciniata (Manchurian cut-leaf or lobed elm)
U. laciniata var. nikkoensis (Nikko elm)
U. laevis (European white elm)
U. laevis var. celtidea
U. laevis var. parvifolia
U. laevis var. simplicidens
U. lamellosa (Hebei elm)
U. lanceifolia (Vietnam elm)
U. macrocarpa (Large-fruited elm)
U. macrocarpa var. glabra
U. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa
U. mexicana (Mexican elm)
U. microcarpa (Tibetan elm)
U. minor (Field elm)
U. minor subsp. minor
U. minor var. italica
U. parvifolia (Chinese or lacebark elm)
U. parvifolia var. coreana (Korean elm)
U. prunifolia (Cherry-leafed elm)
U. pseudopropinqua (Harbin spring elm)
U. pumila (Siberian elm)
U. rubra (Slippery elm)
U. serotina (September elm)
U. szechuanica (Szechuan (Sichuan) or red-fruited elm)
U. thomasii (Rock or cork elm)
U. uyematsui (Alishan elm)
U. villosa (Cherry-bark or marn elm)
U. wallichiana (Himalayan or kashmir elm)
U. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana
U. wallichiana subsp. xanthoderma
U. wallichiana var. tomentosa

Disputed species, varieties and subspecies

U. boissieri
U. minor subsp. canescens (Grey, grey-leafed or hoary elm)
U. elliptica

Hybrids

U. davidiana var. japonica × U. minor
U. × arbuscula
U. × arkansana
U. × brandisiana
U. × diversifolia
U. × hollandica (Dutch elm)
U. × hollandica var. insularum
U. × intermedia
U. × mesocarpa

Species cultivars

American elm	American Liberty Ascendens Augustine Aurea Beaverlodge Beebe's Weeping Brandon Burgoyne JFS Prince II College Columnaris Creole Queen Deadfree Delaware Exhibition Fiorei Flick's Spreader Folia Aurea Variegata Great Plains Hines Incisa Independence Iowa State Jackson Jefferson Kimley Klehmii L'Assomption Lake City Lewis & Clark Littleford Maine Markham Miller Park Minneapolis Park Moline Morden New Harmony Nigricans Patmore Pendula Penn Treaty Princeton Pyramidata Queen City Sheyenne Skinner Upright St. Croix Star Valley Forge Variegata Vase Washington
Cedar elm	Brazos Rim
Chinese elm	A-1 A. Ross Central Park Blizzard BSNUPF Burgundy Burnley Select Catlin Chessins Churchyard Cork Bark D. B. Cole Drake Dynasty Ed Wood Elsmo Emer I Emer II Emerald Prairie Frosty Garden City Clone Geisha Glory Golden Rey Hallelujah Hokkaido Jade Empress King's Choice Littleleaf Lois Hole Matthew Milliken Nire-keyaki Ohio Orange Ribbon Pathfinder Pendens Prairie Shade Prince Richard Red Fall Sabamiki Sagei Seiju Select 380 Sempervirens Small Frye State Fair Stone's Dwarf Taiwan The Thinker Todd True Green UPMTF Ware's Yarralumla Yatsubusa Zettler Ulmus parvifolia f. lanceolata
European white elm	Aureovariegata Colorans Helena Ornata Pendula Punctata Urticifolia
Field elm	Ademuz Albo-Dentata Amplifolia Argenteo-Variegata Atinia Atinia Pyramidalis Atinia Variegata Bea Schwarz Biltii Christine Buisman Concavaefolia Coritana Cretensis Cucullata Cucullata Variegata Dehesa de Amaniel Dehesa de la Villa Dicksonii Dijkwel Erecta Folia Alba-Punctata Glandulosa Goodyeri Hoersholmiensis Holmstruph Hunnybunii Hunnybunii pseudo-Stricta Laciniata Lanuginosa Majadahonda Microphylla Pendula Microphylla Purpurea Microphylla Rubra Monumentalis Pendula Picturata Plotii Propendens Punctata Purpurascens Purpurea Retiro Reverti Rugosa Rueppellii Sarniensis Schuurhoek Silvery Gem Sowerbyi Stricta Suberosa Umbraculifera Gracilis Umbraculifera Viminalis Viminalis Aurea Viminalis Betulaefolia Viminalis Gracilis Viminalis Incisa Viminalis Marginata Viminalis Pendula Viminalis Pulverulenta Viminalis Stricta Virgata Webbiana
Japanese elm	Discovery Freedom Jacan JFS-Bieberich Mitsui Centennial Prospector Reperta Reseda Thomson Validation
Siberian elm	Ansaloni Aurea Aurescens Chinkota Dropmore Dwarf Weeper Green King Hansen Harbin Manchu Mauro Mr. Buzz Park Royal Pendula Pinnato-ramosa Poort Bulten Puszta Pyramidalis Fiorei Zhonghua Jinye
Winged elm	Lace Parasol
Wych elm	Albo-Variegata Australis Camperdownii Cebennensis Concavaefolia Cornuta Corylifolia Purpurea Corylifolia Dovaei Fastigiata Macrophylla Fastigiata Stricta Fastigiata Variegata Firma Flava Gigantea Gittisham Grandidentata Holgeri Horizontalis Insularis Latifolia Latifolia Aurea Latifolia Aureo-Variegata Latifolia Nigricans Luteo Variegata Lutescens Macrophylla Maculata Minor Nana Nigra Nitida Oblongata Pendula Macrophylla Pendula Variegata Pyrenaica Spectabilis Superba Tomentosa

Hybrid cultivars

Androssowii Amsterdam Arno Cathedral Clusius Columella Den Haag Dodoens Escaillard Fiorente Frontier Fuente Umbria Homestead Karagatch Lobel Morfeo Morton Morton Glossy Morton Plainsman Morton Red Tip Morton Stalwart Nanguen New Horizon Patriot Plantyn Plinio Rebella Rebona Recerta Regal Repura Revera San Zanobi Sapporo Autumn Gold Sapporo Gold 2 Stavast Toledo Urban Wanoux Wingham
Dutch elm	Alba Angustifolia Balder Belgica Blandford Canadian Giant Cicestria Cinerea Commelin Dampieri Dauvessei Daveyi Dumont Elegantissima Eleganto-Variegata Etrusca Fastigiata Fjerrestad Folia Rhomboidea Freja Fulva Gaujardii Groeneveld Haarlemensis Klemmer Loke Macrophylla Aurea Major Microphylla Modiolina Muscaviensis Odin Pioneer Pitteurs Serpentina Smithii Superba Tricolor Tyr Vegeta Viminalis Viscosa Wentworthii Pendula Wredei Ypreau
U. × intermedia	Coolshade Fremont Improved Coolshade Lincoln Rosehill Willis