Under the Lilacs

1878 children's novel by Louisa May Alcott

Under the Lilacs
"Ben and Sancho", illustration from an 1888 edition of Under the Lilacs
Author	Louisa May Alcott
Country	United States
Language	English
Publisher	Roberts Brothers
Publication date	1878
Pages	305

Under the Lilacs is a children's novel by Louisa May Alcott, first published as a serialized story in St. Nicholas magazine in 1877-1878. It was first published in book form by Roberts Brothers in 1878. The plot follows twelve-year-old Ben Brown, a circus runaway who makes friends with the Moss family. He also becomes friends with Miss Celia and her brother Thornton, and Miss Celia eventually allows Ben to live at her house.

Alcott, who wrote the novel while caring for her sick mother, struggled to come up with ideas for the story. During its composition she maintained correspondence with Mary Mapes Dodge. The book has been republished many times with new illustrations, receiving both praise and criticism in its early years.

Plot

Bab and Betty, two little girls, are having a tea party with their dolls when an unknown dog appears and steals their cake. A few days later, the girls find the dog, Sancho, along with his owner Ben Brown in the coach-house. Ben is a run-away from the circus where he was a horse master. In sharing his story, Ben reveals that that he and his father worked at the circus until his father left in search of another job; after his father left, Ben was abused by his circus master, which led to him running away. Bab, Betty, and their widowed mother Mrs. Moss take Ben in and find him a job working on the Squire's farm. There, he works with horses and drive cows to pasture.

Miss Celia and her fourteen-year-old brother Thornton or "Thorny" move into the Laylocks, which is the house that Mrs. Moss takes care of. At first, Thorny is sick, too weak to walk, and irritable, but he eventually becomes friends with the children. Miss Celia also befriends the children, letting them play at her house. When Celia reveals to Ben that his father, Mr. Brown, is dead, she takes him into her home to raise him. Ben is then able to receive both an academic and a religious education.

On the Fourth of July, when Miss Celia and Thorny are gone, Ben and a few local boys sneak away to watch the circus. Bab and Sancho follow; Sancho gets lost and later is found by Betty with his tail cut off. Meanwhile, Miss Celia gets hurt on her horse and is discovered by Ben. Ben is accused of stealing from Miss Celia, but he is proven innocent when the missing money is discovered in a mouse nest. Ben's father is alive and returns to him, Miss Celia marries her lover, and Mr. Brown and Mrs. Moss get married a year later.

Background

Composition

In June 1877 Alcott sent a letter to Mary Mapes Dodge, the editor for St. Nicholas, informing her about the progress of Under the Lilacs. She wrote that the book was taking a long time because she was busy. She also expressed her hope that Mary Hallock Foote would illustrate the story in a satisfactory manner, saying that she did not like what her past illustrators drew.^[1] Foote's illustrations for Under the Lilacs depicted scenes with little action, resulting in Alcott's disappointment.^[2]

In the same letter Alcott told Dodge, "I am daily waiting with anxiety for an illumination of some sort, as my plot is very vague so far." ^[1] She also mentioned that she included a poem written by F. B. Sanborn's young son, Francis, and expressed the desire for an illustration of that scene.^[1] Later, in September, she told Dodge that, if necessary, she could "take out all about 'Tennyson Jr'". Dodge chose to keep the poem.^[3]

In September 1877 Alcott finished the book while caring for her sick mother, Abby May.^[4] Alcott felt unsatisfied with the chapters written at that time, writing that they "are a sight for gods and men."^[3] She hoped that her heartache over Abby's death was unnoticeable in Under the Lilacs.^[5]

Editions

Under the Lilacs first appeared as a serialized edition in St. Nicholas between December 1877 and October 1878.^[6] It was published in book form by Roberts Brothers in 1878 and again in 1901 by Little, Brown with one additional illustration.^[6] In 1904 a Russian version with no illustrations was published by A. S. Panafidinoĭ.^[7] The English version was reprinted by Little, Brown in 1905 with new illustrations by Alice Barber Stephens. In 1928 Marguerite Davis created illustrations for another reprinting.^[8]

Reception

Under the Lilacs received both positive and critical reviews in its early years of publication. Upon its serialized appearance in St. Nicholas, the magazine's editors wrote that "Alcott was created expressly to write stories for young people."^[9] Book Exchange Weekly wrote that the book was "the very best of Miss Alcott's books, better even than 'Little Women.'"^[9] In Rose-Belford's Canadian Monthly Review, George Stewart, Jr., wrote, "Every line sparkles with interest and reflected light."^[10]

Some readers were critical of Alcott's novel. They noted that "she permits girls to talk in something like slang, and with...inelegance that shocks the careful mamma."^[11] Another criticism was related to the characters' "slang, the untidy English, and even more strongly in the amateur lovemaking", stating that it was unnecessary for Miss Celia to daydream while reading a letter from her lover.^[12] W. W. Tulloch in The Academy called it "a stupid and vulgar story 'for young people'", and claimed that children would find little enjoyment in reading it.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Stern 1985, p. 370.
^ Joseph 2004, p. 68.
^ ^a ^b Shealy 2004, p. 177.
^ Reisen 2009, p. 262; Alcott 2010, pp. 298–299, 327
^ Alcott 2010, p. 326.
^ ^a ^b Ullom 1969, p. 46.
^ Ullom 1969, p. 49.
^ Ullom 1969, p. 48-49.
^ ^a ^b Clark 2004, p. 315.
^ Stewart 1878, p. 637.
^ Clark 2004, p. 316.
^ Anonymous 1905, p. 406.
^ Clark 2004, p. 322.

Works cited

Alcott, Louisa May (2010). Cheney, Ednah Dow (ed.). Louisa May Alcott: Her Life, Letters, and Journals. Carlisle, Massachussetts, USA: Applewood Books. ISBN 978-1-4290-4460-8.
Anonymous (1905). "Children's Books". The Nation. 81 (2107): 406 – via Google Books.
Clark, Beverly Lyon, ed. (2004). "Under the Lilacs (1878)". Louisa May Alcott: The Contemporary Reviews. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82780-9.
Joseph, Michael S. (2004). "Illustrating St. Nicholas and the Influence of Mary Mapes Dodge". In Gannon, Susan R.; Rahn, Suzanne; Thompson, Ruth Anne (eds.). St. Nicholas and Mary Mapes Dodge: The Legacy of a Children's Magazine Editor, 1873-1905. McFarland and Company, Inc. pp. 65–72. ISBN 978-0-7864-1758-2.
Reisen, Harriet (2009). Louisa May Alcott: The Woman Behind Little Women. New York, New York, USA: Henry Holt and Company, LLC. ISBN 978-0-8050-8299-9.
Shealy, Daniel (2004). "'Work Well Done':Louisa May Alcott and Mary Mapes Dodge". In Gannon, Susan R.; Rahn, Suzanne; Thompson, Ruth Anne (eds.). St. Nicholas and Mary Mapes Dodge: The Legacy of a Children's Magazine Editor, 1873-1905. McFarland and Company, Inc. pp. 171–178. ISBN 978-0-7864-1758-2.
Stern, Madeleine B. (1985). "Louisa Alcott's Self-Criticism". Studies in the American Renaissance: 333–382 – via JSTOR.
Stewart, George, ed. (1878). "Current Literature". Rose-Belford's Canadian Monthly Review. 1: 637 – via HathiTrust.
Ullom, Judith C., ed. (1969). Louisa May Alcott: An Annotated, Selected Bibliography. Washington, D. C., USA: Library of Congress. pp. 46–49.