Union of Right Forces

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Political party in Russia

Blue, red, whiteSlogan"Our Cause is Just/Right"
(Russian: "Наше дело правое!")
"Liberty, Property, Legality"
(Russian: "Свобода, Собственность, Законность")Anthem"Patrioticheskaya Pesnya"Seats in the 3rd State Duma

29 / 450

Seats in the 4th State Duma

3 / 450

Party flag

Websitewww.sps.ru

Politics of Russia
Political parties
Elections

The Union of Right Forces (SPS; Russian: Союз правых сил; СПС; Soyuz pravykh sil, SPS), was a Russian liberal-conservative^[1] political public organization and former party, initially founded as an electoral bloc in 1999 and associated with free market reforms, privatization, and the legacy of the "young reformers" of the 1990s: Anatoly Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, Sergey Kiriyenko and Yegor Gaidar. The party officially self-dissolved in 2008. Nikita Belykh was the party's last leader from 2005 to 2008.

In 2011, the SPS was refounded by some of its former members as the Union of Right Forces Movement. In 2012, it was registered as a political public organization, a type of NGO. In Russia, participation in elections requires being accepted into the list of political parties controlled by the Ministry of Justice.

Both the former SPS and the refounded SPS were accepted as an associate member of the International Democrat Union.

Political party (1999–2008)

The SPS was established in 1999, following a merger of several smaller liberal parties, including Democratic Choice of Russia and Democratic Russia. In the 1999 parliamentary elections the SPS won 8.6% of the vote and 32 seats in the Russian State Duma (lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia).^{[citation needed]}

In the 2000 presidential election, the SPS supported Vladimir Putin's candidacy, though many of the party leaders supported Grigory Yavlinsky. The SPS parliamentarians overwhelmingly voted against reintroducing the Soviet-era national anthem in 2000.^{[citation needed]}

The SPS was led by former Deputy Prime Minister Boris Nemtsov from 2000 to 2003. During this time SPS strongly opposed what it saw to be the authoritarian policies of President Vladimir Putin, and argued that political and media freedoms in Russia had been curtailed.^{[citation needed]}

In the 2003 parliamentary elections, the SPS, according to official results, received 4% of the vote and failed to cross the 5% threshold necessary for parliamentary representation. In single-mandate constituencies, SPS candidates Pavel Krasheninnikov, Arsen Fadzaev, and Alexey Likhachyov were elected to the State Duma of the fourth convocation (all three moved to the United Russia faction).^[3]^[4] State Duma deputy Anton Bakov joined the SPS. A number of SPS candidates came second in single-mandate electoral districts the party had previously held, such as Irina Khakamada in St. Petersburg, Vladimir V. Kara-Murza in Moscow, or Boris Nadezhdin in the Moscow region. Despite allegations of fraud, Boris Nemtsov accepted responsibility for the election defeat and resigned as SPS leader in January 2004. On 28 May 2005 Nikita Belykh was elected as the new leader of the party.^{[citation needed]}

Plans to merge with Yabloko were shelved in late 2006.^{[citation needed]}

The party won 0.96% of votes in the 2007 elections, not breaking the 7% barrier, and thus received no seats in the Duma.

In 2008, Nikita Belyh left his chair to Leonid Gozman. On 1 October 2008, the federal political council of the party voted to dissolve the party and merge it with Civilian Power and Democratic Party of Russia, forming a new liberal-democratic party called Right Cause,^[5] which succeeded the SPS as a member of the International Democrat Union.

Political public organization (2011–present)

In 2011, a group of former members accused the Right Cause of being too close to the Russian government under Vladimir Putin and refounded the SPS, registering it as a political public organization. As a consequence, the International Democrat Union suspended the membership of the Right Cause and returned it to the new SPS.^{[citation needed]}

On 27 February 2014, the SPS formally condemned the 2014 Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[6]

Electoral results

Presidential

Election	Candidate	First round		Second round		Result
Election	Candidate	Votes	%	Votes	%	Result
2000	Endorsed Vladimir Putin	39,740,434	52.94	—		Won
2004	Irina Khakamada	2,671,313	3.84	—		Lost
2008	Boris Nemtsov	Withdrew from the elections, supported Kasyanov

State Duma

Election	Party leader	Performance					Rank	Government
Election	Party leader	Votes	%	± pp	Seats	+/–	Rank	Government
1999	Sergey Kiriyenko	5,677,247	8.52%	New	29 / 450	New	4th	Minority
2003	Boris Nemtsov	6,944,322	3.97%	4.45	3 / 450	26	6th	Minority
2007	Nikita Belykh	2,408,535	0.96%	3.01	0 / 450	3	8th	Minority

References

^ ^a ^b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2008). "Russia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 9 April 2009.
^ Kuzio, Taras (2007). Ukraine–Crimea–Russia: Triangle of Conflict. ibidem Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-3-89821-761-3. ISSN 1614-3515.
^ Североосетинский депутат представлял в Госдуме интересы двух Осетий // REGNUM News Agency, 16 December 2007
^ «Яблочники» и правые мало востребованы государством и бизнесом // Vedomosti, 28 June 2004
^ SPS Party Announced Dissolution Kommersant, 2 October 2008
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links

Union of Right Forces official site

Russian political movements and non-registered parties

Active

Non-registered parties	All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1992) Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2001) Democratic Choice Great Russia Party The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov Eurasia Party For the Family Pirate Party of Russia Popular Resistance Association Libertarian Party of Russia Revolutionary Workers' Party Russia of the Future Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Russian Maoist Party Russian National Unity Russian United Labour Front Left Socialist Action Socialist Alternative United Communist Party 5th of December Party
Political movements	All-Russia People's Front A Just World Autonomous Action Anti-Maidan Anti-War Committee of Russia Citizens of the USSR Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists Congress of Russian Communities Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists Decommunization Essence of Time Eurasia Movement Feminist Anti-War Resistance For a New Socialism Free Nations of Russia Forum Free Russia Forum Labour Russia Left Bloc Left Front Narodny Sobor National Patriotic Forces of Russia Organisation of Communist Internationalists People's Self-Defense Russian Action Committee Russian Socialist Movement SERB Society.Future Solidarnost Sorok Sorokov Stop the Wagons True Russia Union of Marxists United Civil Front Vanguard of Red Youth
Youth movements	Leninist Komsomol of Russia Eurasian Youth Union Vesna Mestnye Movement of the First ONF Youth Young Army Young Guard of United Russia Youth Yabloko

Inactive

Imperial period	Bread and Freedom Black Hundreds Decembrists Union of Salvation Union of Prosperity Southern Society & Northern Society Narodniks Land and Liberty People's Will Union of the Russian People
Soviet period	Bloc of Soviet Oppositions Komsomol Committee of Youth Organisations Young Pioneers Little Octobrists National Alliance of Russian Solidarists NCPSU Russian Fascist Party Russian People's Labour Party Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks) VSKhSON
Modern period	All-National Congress of the Chechen People Artpodgotovka Committee 2008 Conceptual Party "Unity" Democratic Union Ethnic National Union Federation of Socialist Youth Freedom Nation For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption Navalny Headquarters Marxist Tendency Movement Against Illegal Immigration Nashi (1990s) Nashi (2000s) National Bolshevik Front National Bolshevik Party National Russian Liberation Movement Nation and Freedom Committee National Democratic Alliance National Socialist Russian Workers' Party Oborona Open Russia Our Choice Oprichny Dvor Pamyat Society People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky People's Patriotic Union of Russia Pyotr Alexeyev' Resistance Movement Russians Russian All-National Union Russian National Unity (2000) Russian Opposition Coordination Council Russian People's Democratic Union Russian Social Democratic Union of Youth Slavic Union Socialist Resistance Socialist League Vpered Society of Blue Buckets StopXam The Other Russia TIGR Union of the Russian People Walking Together Young Russia