Vainu Bappu
Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu (10 August 1927 – 19 August 1982) was an Indian astronomer and president of the International Astronomical Union. Bappu helped to establish several astronomical institutions in India, including the Vainu Bappu Observatory which is named after him, and he also contributed to the establishment of the modern Indian Institute of Astrophysics. In 1957, he discovered the Wilson–Bappu effect jointly with American astronomer Olin Chaddock Wilson.
On 2 July 1949, when Bappu was taking pictures of the night sky, he spotted a bright moving object which he had rightfully understood to be a comet. When he turned to his professor, Bart Bok, and colleague Gordon Newkirk, they confirmed the discovery. They calculated the orbit of the comet which revealed that the comet would reappear only after 60,000 years.
The International Astronomical Union officially named the comet as the Bappu-Bok-Newkirk comet (C/1949N1). Bappu also received the Donohoe Comet Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
This is the only comet with an Indian name.
Early life
Vainu Bappu was born on 10 August 1927, in Chennai, as the only child of Manali Kukuzhi Bappu and Kallat Sunanna Bappu.[1] His family originally hails from Thalassery in Kerala. His father was an astronomer at the Nizamiah Observatory in Telangana.[1] He attended the Harvard Graduate School of Astronomy for his PhD after obtaining postgraduate degree from the Madras University.[1]
Discoveries
Bappu, along with two of his colleagues, discovered the 'Bappu-Bok-Newkirk' comet.[2] He was awarded the Donhoe Comet-Medal by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in 1949.[1]
In a paper published in 1957, American astronomer Olin Chaddock Wilson and Bappu had described what would later be known as the Wilson–Bappu effect.[3] The effect as described by L.V. Kuhi is: 'The width of the Ca II emission in normal, nonvariable, G, K, and M stars is correlated with the visual absolute magnitude in the sense that the brighter the star the wider the emission.'[3] The paper opened up the field of stellar chromospheres for research.[4]
Vainu Bappu Observatory
On his return to India, Bappu was appointed to head a team of astronomers to build an observatory at Nainital.[1] His efforts of building an indigenous large optical telescope and a research observatory led to the founding of the optical observatory of Kavalur and its large telescope.[2][4] The Vainu Bappu Observatory is one of the main observatories of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, also initiated in its modern avatar by Bappu in 1971.[4] Later, a number of discoveries were made from the Vainu Bappu Observatory.[5]
Career overview
Post | Institution |
---|---|
Honorary Foreign Fellow | Belgium Academy of Sciences[1] |
Honorary Member | American Astronomical Society[1] |
Vice-President | International Astronomical Union (1967–73)[1] |
President | International Astronomical Union (1979)[1] |
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bhattacharyya, J. C. (2002), "M K Vainu Bappu", Resonance, 7 (8), Springer India.
- ^ a b Indian Astronomy : From Jantar-Mantar to Kavalur, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
- ^ a b Kuhi, L. V., "The Wilson-Bappu Effect in T Tauri Stars", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 77 (457): 253.
- ^ a b c d M.K. Vaina Bappu, Indian Institute of Astrophysics.
- ^ At Kavalur the first observations with an indigenously built 38 cm telescope were made in late 1967. In Kavalur, the one-metre Zeiss telescope was installed in 1972, and the very next month, during an occultation event, scientists discovered a trace of atmosphere on Ganymede, the largest satellite of Jupiter. Five years later the same telescope discovered the rings of Uranus. -- Indian Astronomy : From Jantar-Mantar to Kavalur, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
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- K. S. Krishnan (1958)
- M. G. K. Menon (1960)
- G. N. Ramachandran (1961)
- Vikram Sarabhai (1962)
- Raja Ramanna (1963)
- A. R. Verma (1964)
- B. Ramachandra Rao (1965)
- Suresh Chand Jain (1966)
- S. Ramaseshan (1966)
- Devendra Lal (1967)
- A. P. Mitra (1968)
- Asoke Nath Mitra (1969)
- Vainu Bappu (1970)
- P. K. Iyengar (1971)
- S. Chandrasekhar (1972)
- S. K. Joshi (1972)
- Virendra Singh (1973)
- K. P. Sinha (1974)
- M. S. Sodha (1974)
- K. L. Chopra (1975)
- B. R. Nag (1975)
- C. K. Majumdar (1976)
- Ramanuja Vijayaraghavan (1976)
- Jayant Narlikar (1978)
- E. S. Raja Gopal (1978)
- Ajoy Ghatak (1979)
- S. S. Jha (1979)
- N. Mukunda (1980)
- N. S. Satya Murthy (1980)
- S. M. Roy (1981)
- Ramanujan Srinivasan (1981)
- Girish Saran Agarwal (1982)
- T. V. Ramakrishnan (1982)
- S. S. Kapoor (1982)
- Ramamurti Rajaraman (1983)
- Ramanath Cowsik (1984)
- Ranganathan Shashidhar (1984)
- Narendra Kumar (1985)
- K. Singh (1985)
- P. K. Kaw (1986)
- Vijay Kumar Kapahi (1987)
- Probir Roy (1987)
- Deepak Kumar (1988)
- O. N. Srivastava (1988)
- M. Lakshmanan (1989)
- N. V. Madhusudana (1989)
- G. Baskaran (1990)
- A. K. Sood (1990)
- Deepak Dhar (1991)
- Deepak Mathur (1991)
- Vikram Kumar (physicist) (1992)
- S. R. Shenoy (1992)
- Gopal Krishna (1993)
- Rajiah Simon (1993)
- A. K. Raychaudhuri (1994)
- Ashoke Sen (1994)
- Mustansir Barma (1995)
- Thanu Padmanabhan (1996)
- B. K. Chakrabarti (1997)
- A. Raychaudhuri (1997)
- S. R. Das (1998)
- A. M. Jayannavar (1998)
- Sunil Mukhi (1999)
- E. V. Sampathkumaran (1999)
- Sriram Ramaswamy (2000)
- Varun Sahni (2000)
- Rahul Pandit (2001)
- Avinash Anant Deshpande (2002)
- Mohit Randeria (2002)
- G. Ravindra Kumar (2003)
- Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya (2003)
- Madan Rao (2004)
- Sandip Trivedi (2005)
- Atish Dabholkar (2006)
- Sanjay Puri (physicist) (2006)
- Yashwant Gupta (2007)
- Pinaki Majumdar (2007)
- Raghunathan Srianand (2008)
- Srikanth Sastry (2008)
- Rajesh Gopakumar (2009)
- Abhishek Dhar (2009)
- Kalobaran Maiti (2010)
- Umesh Waghmare (2010)
- Shiraz Minwalla (2011)
- Arindam Ghosh (2012)
- Krishnendu Sengupta (2012)
- Amol Dighe (2013)
- Vijay Balakrishna Shenoy (2013)
- Pratap Raychaudhuri (2014)
- Sadiqali Abbas Rangwala (2014)
- Bedangadas Mohanty (2015)
- Mandar Madhukar Deshmukh (2015)
- S. Anantha Ramakrishna (2016)
- Sudhir Kumar Vempati (2016)
- Nissim Kanekar (2017)
- Vinay Gupta (2017)
- Aditi De (2018)
- Ambarish Ghosh (2018)
- Aninda Sinha (2019)
- Shankar Ghosh (2019)
- Surajit Dhara (2020)
- Rajesh Ganapathy (2020)
- Kanak Saha (2021)
- Anindya Das (2022)
- Basudeb Dasgupta (2022)