Viridian

Shade of bluish green

Viridian

Color coordinates
Hex triplet	#40826D
sRGB^B (r, g, b)	(64, 130, 109)
HSV (h, s, v)	(161°, 51%, 51%)
CIELCh_uv (L, C, h)	(50, 31, 160°)
Source	Maerz and Paul^[1]
ISCC–NBS descriptor	Moderate green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Viridian is a blue-green pigment, a hydrated chromium(III) oxide, of medium saturation and relatively dark in value. It is composed of a majority of green, followed by blue. The first recorded use of viridian as a color name in English was in the 1860s.^[2] Viridian takes its name from the Latin viridis, meaning "green".^[3] The pigment was first prepared in mid-19th-century Paris and remains available from several US manufacturers as prepared artists' colors in all media.^[4]^: 276–77

History

Viridian pigment was first prepared in 1838 in Paris by Parisian color chemist and painter Pannetier alongside his assistant Binet as a hydrated form of chromium oxide.^[5]^[6] The preparation process was demanding, expensive, and shrouded in secrecy.^[4]^: 275 The French chemist C. E. Guignet developed and patented a cheaper manufacturing method in 1859 that enabled larger distribution and use of the pigment.^[4]^: 274 This method involved calcining a combination of boric acid and potassium bichromate, then washing the material.^[4]^{: 280–281}

Winsor and Newton's catalogue listed the pigment as early as 1849. It was used as early as 1840 in a work by J. M. W. Turner.^[4]^: 275 Viridian was in prominent use by the mid-nineteenth century, but was less popular than three to four times more affordable alternatives including emerald and chrome greens.^[4]^: 276–77

Visual characteristics

Viridian is a bright shade of spring green, which places the color between green and teal on the color wheel, or, in paint, a tertiary blue–green color. Viridian is dark in value, has medium saturation, and is transparent .^[4]^: 275

Variations of viridian

Paolo Veronese green

Paolo Veronese Green

Color coordinates
Hex triplet	#009B7D
sRGB^B (r, g, b)	(0, 155, 125)
HSV (h, s, v)	(168°, 100%, 61%)
CIELCh_uv (L, C, h)	(57, 49, 163°)
Source	Gallego and Sanz^[7]
ISCC–NBS descriptor	Strong green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Paolo Veronese green is the color that is called Verde Verones in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

Paolo Veronese green was a color formulated and used by the noted 16th-century Venetian artist Paolo Veronese.

Paolo Veronese green began to be used as a color name in English sometime in the 1800s (exact year uncertain).^[8]

Another name for this color is transparent oxide of chromium.^[9]

Viridian green

Viridian Green

Color coordinates
Hex triplet	#009698
sRGB^B (r, g, b)	(0, 150, 152)
HSV (h, s, v)	(181°, 100%, 60%)
CIELCh_uv (L, C, h)	(56, 45, 194°)
Source	Pantone TPX^[10]
ISCC–NBS descriptor	Moderate bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the color viridian green.

The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #17-5126 TPX—Viridian Green.^[11]

Generic viridian

Generic Viridian

Color coordinates
Hex triplet	#007F66
sRGB^B (r, g, b)	(0, 127, 102)
HSV (h, s, v)	(168°, 100%, 50%)
CIELCh_uv (L, C, h)	(47, 41, 163°)
Source	Gallego and Sanz^[7]
ISCC–NBS descriptor	Moderate green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Generic viridian is the color that is called Viridian inspecifico in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

Spanish viridian

Spanish Viridian

Color coordinates
Hex triplet	#007F5C
sRGB^B (r, g, b)	(0, 127, 92)
HSV (h, s, v)	(163°, 100%, 50%)
CIELCh_uv (L, C, h)	(47, 44, 154°)
Source	Gallego and Sanz^[7]
ISCC–NBS descriptor	Strong green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Spanish viridian is the color that is called Viridian specifico in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

Permanence

Viridian is considered durable and permanent as an artist's pigment.^[4]^: 278 Viridian is unaffected by temperatures up to 260 °C (500 °F), but it is unsuitable for use in ceramic glazes.^[4]^: 278 Viridian is compatible with all pigments in all media, and has high oil absorption.^[4]^: 278 Pure pigment formulations of viridian are hard and may separate in tubes, but adding barium sulfate in small quantities enables easy grinding and dispersion.^[4]^: 278

Notable occurrences

Viridian as a quaternary color on the RYB color wheel:

green

viridian

teal

Although viridian is not a frequent color name in English, it is used in a number of cultural references, probably because it is derived from viridis, the Latin word for green, so using the word viridian sounds more elegant than simply referring to the Old English word green.^{[citation needed]}

Fine art painting

Fritz Bamberger, Afterglow in the Sierra Nevada, 1863.^[4]^: 288
Claude Monet, Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare, 1877, oil on canvas^[4]^: 287 includes traces of viridian in the grassy area.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Flowers, 1919.^[4]^: 288
Fritz Bamberger - Ansicht der Sierra Nevada, 1863. Bavarian State Painting Collections.
Claude Monet - Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare, 1877, oil on canvas. Art Institute of Chicago.
Renoir - Flowers, 1919.

Automobiles

"Viridian Joule" was the winning color name in Chevrolet's Volt Paint-Color Naming Contest.^[12]

Broadcasting

Viridian was the signature color of BBC Two's identity from 1991–2001.

Television

Viridian was the name of an Orion starship in Star Trek: Discovery

Environmental design

The viridian design movement is a popular design movement based on a bright green environmentalism philosophy.^[13]^[14]

Film

Viridian is mentioned by Otho when discussing remodeling, in the 1988 film Beetlejuice.^[15]

Music

"Viridian" is the seventh song on Between the Buried and Me's Colors.
"Viridian (Interlude)" is the sixteenth track on Bethel Music's Without Words: Synesthesia
Viridian is the name of the ninth studio album by rock band Closterkeller whose releases are usually named after colors
"Viridian" is the fourth song in Novo Amor's 2022 instrumental album Antarctican Dream Machine

Literature

In the Space opera series Dread Empire's Fall, by American author Walter Jon Williams,^[16] the first mention of viridian is in the initial book of the series, The Praxis ISBN 0-7434-2897-8^[17]^[18]^[19] for both the sky color of Shaa Empire capital world Zanshaa as well as color of the uniforms of their Fleet.

Video games

In the Pokémon franchise, in the Kanto region, Viridian City is the first town one encounters after leaving Pallet Town via Route 1 and also home to the final gym.
In VVVVVV, the player character is Captain Viridian, who is a light blue-green color. All characters have names referencing their color and starting with the letter V.
In Knights of the Old Republic II the player character can find and use a viridian lightsaber crystal.
In League of Legends the champion Kayle has a viridian costume that is green with black wings.
In Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Trials and Tribulations, there is a running joke about the color, started by the character Larry Butz.
In the Steam game Aviary Attorney, the Viridian Killer is responsible for murders in France during the 1830s.

References

^ The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called viridian in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color viridian is displayed on page 79, Plate 28, Color Sample K11.
^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Viridian: Page 93 Plate 79 Color Sample K11
^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 18 See: "Table--Polyglot Table of Principle Color Names" Pages 18-19
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Newman, Richard (1997). "Chromium Oxide Greens". In Fitzhugh, Elisabeth West (ed.). Artists' pigments : a handbook of their history and characteristics. Vol. 3. National Gallery of Art. pp. 275–293. ISBN 0-89468-086-2. OCLC 1224906722.
^ Eastaugh, Nicholas (2004). The pigment compendium : a dictionary of historical pigments. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 391. ISBN 0-7506-5749-9. OCLC 56444720.
^ Cardeira, A.M.; Longelin, S.; Costa, S.; Candeias, A.; Carvalho, M.L.; Manso, M. (2016). "Analytical characterization of academic nude paintings by José Veloso Salgado". Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 153: 379–385. Bibcode:2016AcSpA.153..379C. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.043. ISSN 1386-1425. PMID 26344483.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guía de coloraciones (Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guide to Colorations) Madrid: H. Blume. ISBN 84-89840-31-8
^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201 (It is listed under Paul Veronese green)
^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 142
^ Type the words "Viridian Green" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear.
^ Pantone TPX Pantone Color Finder--Type the words "Viridian Green" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear:
^ "Viridian Joule" was the winning color name in Paint-Color Naming Contest [1]
^ Sterling, Bruce (2001). "Viridian: The Manifesto of January 3, 2000". Archived from the original on January 8, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-28. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Hughes, James (2002). "Democratic Transhumanism 2.0". Archived from the original on 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2007-01-26. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ ""Beetlejuice," shooting script, by Michael McDowell; and Warren Skaaren". Archived from the original on 2013-01-03. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
^ "Aliens, spaceships, and fun: Walter Jon Williams's Dread Empire's Fall". Tor.com. 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2016-06-13.
^ "Review - Dread Empire's Fall: The Praxis, by Walter Jon Williams". SF Signal. 2005-06-30. Retrieved 2016-06-13.
^ "The Praxis: Book One Of The Dread Empire's Fall by Walter Jon Williams". SFcrowsnest. Retrieved 2016-06-13.
^ "The SF Site Featured Review: The Praxis". SF Site. Retrieved 2016-06-13.

External links

Viridian, Pigments through the Ages, Webexhibits. Information about the color viridian, its history, making of, and its chemistry
Viridian, Colourlex
Viridian Red Noida, Viridian Red Noida

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