Viverridae

Family of carnivorans

Viverridae^[2] Temporal range: 34–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Eocene to Recent^[1]

Viverrids, including (top left to bottom right), species of Paradoxurus, Genetta, Paguma and Arctictis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Infraorder:	Aeluroidea
Parvorder:	Viverroidea
Family:	Viverridae Gray, 1821
Type genus
Viverra Linnaeus, 1758
Genera
Subfamily Genettinae Genetta Poiana †Semigenetta Subfamily Hemigalinae Hemigalus Chrotogale Cynogale Diplogale Macrogalidia Subfamily Paradoxurinae Paradoxurus Paguma Arctictis Arctogalidia †Kanuites †Kichechia †Siamictis †Tugenictis Subfamily Viverrinae Civettictis Viverra Viverricula

Distribution of living viverrid species

Viverridae is a family of small to medium-sized, feliform mammals. The viverrids (/vaɪˈvɛrɪdz/) comprise 33 species placed in 14 genera. This family was named and first described by John Edward Gray in 1821.^[3] Viverrids occur all over Africa, southern Europe, and South and Southeast Asia, across the Wallace Line.^[4]

Almost all viverrids outside the subfamily Genettinae are commonly called civets, but some civets are not viverrids. Animals of the subfamily Genettinae are known as genets and oyans. The word viverridae comes from the Latin viverra 'ferret', but ferrets are in a different family, the Mustelidae.

Characteristics

Viverrids have four or five toes on each foot and half-retractile claws. They have six incisors in each jaw and molars with two tubercular grinders behind in the upper jaw, and one in the lower jaw. The tongue is rough with sharp prickles. A pouch or gland occurs beneath the anus, but there is no cecum.^[3]

Viverrids are the most primitive of all the families of feliform Carnivora and clearly less specialized than the Felidae. In external characteristics, they are distinguished from the Felidae by the longer muzzle and tuft of facial vibrissae between the lower jaw bones, and by the shorter limbs and the five-toed hind foot with the first digit present. The skull differs by the position of the postpalatine foramina on the maxilla, almost always well in advance of the maxillopalatine suture, and usually about the level of the second premolar; and by the distinct external division of the auditory bulla into its two elements either by a definite groove or, when rarely this is obliterated, by the depression of the tympanic bone in front of the swollen entotympanic. The typical dental formula is: 3.1.4.23.1.4.2, but the number may be reduced, although never to the same extent as in the Felidae.^[4]

Their flesh-shearing carnassial teeth are relatively undeveloped compared to those of other feliform carnivorans.^[5] Most viverrid species have a penis bone (a baculum).^[6]

Classification

Living species

In 1821, Gray defined this family as consisting of the genera Viverra, Genetta, Herpestes, and Suricata.^[3] Reginald Innes Pocock later redefined the family as containing a great number of highly diversified genera, and being susceptible of division into several subfamilies, based mainly on the structure of the feet and of some highly specialized scent glands, derived from the skin, which are present in most of the species and are situated in the region of the external generative organs. He subordinated the subfamilies Hemigalinae, Paradoxurinae, Prionodontinae, and Viverrinae to the Viverridae.^[4]

In 1833, Edward Turner Bennett described the Malagasy fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) and subordinated the Cryptoprocta to the Viverridae.^[7] A molecular and morphological analysis based on DNA/DNA hybridization experiments suggests that Cryptoprocta does not belong within Viverridae, but is a member of the Eupleridae.^[8]

The African palm civet (Nandinia binotata) resembles the civets of the Viverridae, but is genetically distinct and belongs in its own monotypic family, the Nandiniidae. There is little dispute that the Poiana species are viverrids.^[2]

DNA analysis based on 29 Carnivora species, comprising 13 Viverrinae species and three species representing Paradoxurus, Paguma and Hemigalinae, confirmed Pocock's assumption that the African linsang Poiana represents the sister group of the genus Genetta. The placement of Prionodon as the sister group of the family Felidae is strongly supported, and it was proposed that the Asiatic linsangs be placed in the monogeneric family Prionodontidae.^[9]

Family Viverridae^[1]^[2]^[10]
Subfamily	Genus	Species
Viverrinae	Viverra Linnaeus, 1758^[11]	Large Indian civet (V. zibetha) Linnaeus, 1758^[11] Malayan civet (V. tangalunga) Gray, 1832^[12] Malabar large-spotted civet (V. civettina) Blyth, 1862^[13] Large-spotted civet (V. megaspila) Blyth, 1862^[13]
	Viverricula Hodgson, 1838^[14]	Small Indian civet (V. indica) (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)^[15]
	Civettictis Pocock, 1915^[16]	African civet (C. civetta) (Schreber, 1776)^[17]
Hemigalinae Gray, 1864^[18]
	Hemigalus Jourdan, 1837^[19]	Banded palm civet (H. derbyanus) Jourdan, 1837^[19]
	Cynogale Gray, 1836^[20]	Otter civet (C. bennettii) Gray, 1836^[20]
	Diplogale Thomas, 1912^[21]	Hose's palm civet (D. hosei) (Thomas, 1892)^[22]
	Macrogalidia Schwarz, 1910^[23]	Sulawesi palm civet (M. musschenbroekii) (Schlegel, 1877)^[24]
	Chrotogale Thomas, 1912^[21]	Owston's palm civet (C. owstoni) Thomas, 1912^[21]
Paradoxurinae Gray, 1864^[18]	Paradoxurus Cuvier, 1822^[25]	Asian palm civet (P. hermaphroditus) (Pallas, 1777)^[26] Golden palm civet (P. zeylonensis) (Pallas, 1778)^[27] Brown palm civet (P. jerdoni) Blanford, 1885^[28]
	Arctictis Temminck, 1824^[29]	Binturong (A. binturong) (Raffles, 1822)^[30]
	Paguma Gray, 1831^[31]	Masked palm civet (P. larvata) (Smith, 1827)^[32]
	Arctogalidia Merriam, 1897^[33]	Small-toothed palm civet (A. trivirgata) (Gray, 1832)^[34]
Genettinae	Genetta Cuvier, 1816^[35]	Common genet (G. genetta) (Linnaeus, 1758)^[36] Cape genet (G. tigrina) (Schreber, 1778)^[37] South African small-spotted genet (G. felina) (Thunberg, 1811)^[38] Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata) (Gray, 1828)^[39] Pardine genet (G. pardina) Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832^[40] Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica) (Rüppell, 1835)^[41] King genet (G. poensis) Waterhouse, 1838^[42] Servaline genet (G. servalina) Pucheran, 1855 Angolan genet (G. angolensis) Bocage, 1882 Giant forest genet (G. victoriae) Thomas, 1901^[43] Hausa genet (G. thierryi) Matschie, 1902^[44] Letaba genet (G. letabae) Thomas and Schwann, 1906^[45] Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni) (Pocock, 1908) Aquatic genet (G. piscivora) (Allen, 1919)^[46] Crested servaline genet (G. cristata) Hayman, 1940 Schouteden’s genet (G. schoutedeni) Crawford-Cabral, 1970 Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni) Gaubert, 2003^[47]
Genettinae	Poiana Gray, 1864^[18]	Central African oyan (P. richardsonii) (Thomson, 1842)^[48] West African oyan (P. leightoni) (Pocock, 1907)^[49]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of Viverridae are shown in the following cladogram:^[1]^[10]

Viverridae

Paradoxurinae

Paradoxurus

	Golden palm civet P. zeylonensis

	Jerdon's palm civet P. jerdoni

Asian palm civet P. hermaphroditus

Macrogalidia

Sulawesi palm civet M. musschenbroekii

Paguma

Masked palm civet P. larvata

Arctictis

Binturong A. binturong

Arctogalidia

Small-toothed palm civet A. trivirgata

Hemigalinae

Cynogale

Otter civet C. bennettii

Chrotogale

Owston's palm civet C. owstoni

Diplogale	Hose's palm civet D. hosei

Hemigalus	Banded palm civet H. derbyanus

Viverrinae

Viverra

	Malabar large-spotted civet V. civettina

	Large-spotted civet V. megaspila

Large Indian civet V. zibetha

Malayan civet V. tangalunga

Civettictis

African civet C. civetta

Viverricula

Small Indian civet V. indica

sensu stricto

Genettinae

Poiana

	West African oyan P. leightoni

	Central African oyan P. richardsonii

Genetta

	Abyssinian genet G. abyssinica

	Haussa genet G. thierryi

Giant forest genet G. victoriae

Johnston's genet G. johnstoni

	Aquatic genet G. piscivora

	Servaline genet G. servalina

Crested servaline genet G. cristata

South African small-spotted genet G. felina

Common genet G. genetta

Cape genet G. tigrina

Letaba genet G. letabae

Schouteden’s genet G. schoutedeni

Rusty-spotted genet G. maculata

	Angolan genet G. angolensis

	Pardine genet G. pardina

	Bourlon's genet G. bourloni

	King genet G. poensis

sensu lato

Extinct species

Subfamily	Genus	Species
Viverrinae	Viverra Linnaeus, 1758	Leakey's civet (V. leakeyi) Leakey, 1982
Viverrinae	Semigenetta Helbing 1927	†S. cadeoti Roman and Viret 1934 †S. elegans Dehm, 1950 †S. grandis Crusafont & Golpe, 1981 †S. laugnacensis De Bonis, 1973 †S. ripolli Petter, 1976 †S. sansaniensis Lartet, 1851
Paradoxurinae	Kichechia Savage, 1965^[50]	†K. zamanae^[50] †K. savagei^[51]
	Tugenictis Morales & Pickford, 2005^[52]^[53]	†T. ngororaensis^[52] Morales & Pickford, 2005
	Kanuites Dehghani & Werdelin, 2008^[54]	†K. lewisae^[54] Dehghani & Werdelin, 2008
	Siamictis Grohé et al., 2020^[55]	†S. carbonensis^[55] Grohé et al., 2020

References

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^ ^a ^b ^c Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Family Viverridae". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 548–559. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
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^ ^a ^b ^c Pocock, R. I. (1939). "Family Viverridae". The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. Mammalia. – Volume 1. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 330–332.
^ Wozencraft, W. C. (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 134–135. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
^ Ewer, R. F. (1998). The Carnivores. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8493-6.
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^ Veron, G.; Catzeflis, F. M. (1993). "Phylogenetic relationships of the endemic Malagasy carnivore Cryptoprocta ferox (Aeluroideae): DNA/DNA hybridization experiments". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 1 (3): 169–185. doi:10.1007/bf01024706. S2CID 21555307.
^ Gaubert, P.; Veron, G. (2003). "Exhaustive sample set among Viverridae reveals the sister-group of felids: the linsangs as a case of extreme morphological convergence within Feliformia". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1532): 2523–2530. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2521. PMC 1691530. PMID 14667345.
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^ Thomas, O. (1892). "On some Mammals form Mount Dulit, North Borneo". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part I: 221–226.
^ Schwarz, E. (1910). "Notes on some Palm-Civets". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 8. 5 (29): 422–424.
^ Schlegel, H. (1879). "Paradoxurus musschenbroekii". Notes from the Royal Zoological Museum of the Netherlands at Leyden. 1 (Note XIV): 43.
^ Cuvier, F. (1822). "Du genre Paradoxure et de deux espèces nouvelles qui s'y rapportent". Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Paris. 9: 41–48.
^ Pallas, P. S. (1778). "Das Zwitterstinkthier". In Schreber, J. C. D. (ed.). Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. p. 426.
^ Pallas, P. S. (1778). "Der Boshond". In Schreber, J. C. D. (ed.). Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. p. 451.
^ Blanford, W. T. (1885). "A Monograph of the Genus Paradoxurus, F. Cuvier". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 53 (4): 780–808. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1885.tb02921.x.
^ Temminck, C. J. (1824). "XVII Genre Arctictis". Monographies de mammalogie. Paris: Dufour & d'Ocagne. p. xxi.
^ Raffles, T. S. (1822). "XVII. Descriptive Catalogue of a Zoological Collection, made on account of the Honourable East India Company, in the Island of Sumatra and its Vicinity, under the Direction of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Fort Marlborough', with additional Notices illustrative of the Natural History of those Countries". The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. XIII: 239–274.
^ Gray, J. E. (1831). "Paguma". Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. 1. London: Zoological Society of London. p. 95.
^ Smith, C.H. (1827). "Gulo larvatus, the Masked Glutton". In Griffith, E. (ed.). The animal kingdom : arranged in conformity with its organization. Vol. 2. Mammalia. London: G.B. Whittaker. p. 281.
^ Merriam, C. H. (1897). "The generic names Ictis, Arctogale, and Arctogalidia". Science. 5 (112): 302. doi:10.1126/science.5.112.302. PMID 17741859. S2CID 5336742.
^ Gray, J.E. (1832). "On the Family of Viverridae and its generic subdivisions; with an enumeration of the Species of Paradoxurus, and Characters of several new ones". Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London (Part 2): 63–68.
^ Cuvier, F. (1816). Cuvier, G. (ed.). Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Vol. I. Paris: Deterville.
^ Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Viverra genetta". Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis 1 (Tenth ed.). Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius. p. 45.
^ Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). "Die Bisamkaze Viverra tigrina". Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Vol. Dritter Theil. Erlangen: Walther. pp. 425–426.
^ Thunberg, C. P. (1811). "Beskrifning och teckning pa Viverra felina". Kungliga Swenska Wetenskaps Academiens Handlingar: 165–168.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Gray, J. E. (1828). "Viverra maculata". Spicilegia zoologica : original figures and short systematic descriptions of new and unfigured animals. London: Treuttel, Wurtz & Co. p. 9.
^ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, I. (1832). "Descriptions d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Genette. Genetta. Cuv.". Études Zoologiques : Ouvrage comprenant l'histoire et la description d'un grand nombre d'animaux récemment découverts et des observations nouvelles sur plusieurs genres déjà connus. Paris: Lequien Fils. p. 73.
^ Rüppell, E. (1835). "Viverra abyssinica. Rüppell". Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Frankfurt: Siegmund Schmerber.
^ Waterhouse, G. R. (1838). "On some New Species of Mammalia from Fernando Po". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 57–61.
^ Thomas, O. (1901). "On the more notable Mammals obtained by Sir Harry Johnston in the Uganda Protectorate". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. II: 85–90. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1901.tb08165.x.
^ Matschie, P. (1902). "Über die individuellen und geographischen Abänderungen der Ginsterkatzen". Verhandlungen des V. Internationalen Zoologen-Congresses zu Berlin, 12.–16. August 1901. Jena: Gustav Fischer. pp. 1128–1145.
^ Thomas, O. & Schwann, H. (1906). "The Rudd Exploration of South Africa.—IV. List of Mammals obtained by Mr. Grant at Knysna". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 76 (1–2): 159–168. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1906.tb08427.x.
^ Allen, J. A. (1919). "Preliminary notes on African carnivora". Journal of Mammalogy. 1 (1): 23–31. doi:10.2307/1373716. JSTOR 1373716.
^ Gaubert, P. (2003). "Description of a new species of genet (Carnivora; Viverridae; genus Genetta) and taxonomic revision of forest forms related to the Large-spotted Genet complex". Mammalia. 67 (1): 85–108. doi:10.1515/mamm.2003.67.1.85. S2CID 84351854.
^ Thomson, T. R. H. (1842). "Description of a new species of Genetta, and of two species of Birds from Western Africa". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 10 (64): 203–205. doi:10.1080/03745484209445224.
^ Pocock, R. I. (1907). "Report upon a Small Collection of Mammalia brought from Liberia by Mr. Leonard Leighton". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 77 (November): 1037–1046. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1907.tb06966.x.
^ ^a ^b Savage, R. J. G. (1965). "Fossil mammals of Africa: 19, The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 10 (8): 239–316.
^ Adrian, B.; Werdelin, L. & Grossman, A. (2018). "New Miocene Carnivora (Mammalia) from Moruorot and Kalodirr, Kenya" (PDF). Palaeontologia Electronica. 21 (1 10A): 1–19. doi:10.26879/778.
^ ^a ^b Morales, J. & Pickford, M. (2005). "Carnivores from the Middle Miocene Ngorora Formation (13-12 Ma), Kenya" (PDF). Estudios Geológicos. 61 (3–6): 271–284. doi:10.3989/egeol.05613-668.
^ Werdelin, L. (2019). "Middle Miocene Carnivora and Hyaenodonta from Fort Ternan, western Kenya" (PDF). Geodiversitas. 41 (6): 267. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a6. S2CID 146620949.
^ ^a ^b Dehghani, R. & Werdelin, L. (2008). "A new small carnivoran from the Middle Miocene of Fort Ternan, Kenya". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 248 (2): 233–244. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0248-0233.
^ ^a ^b Grohé, C.; Bonis, L. D.; Chaimanee, Y.; Chavasseau, O.; Rugbumrung, M.; Yamee, C.; Suraprasit, K.; Gibert, C.; Surault, J.; Blondel, C.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2020). "The Late Middle Miocene Mae Moh Basin of Northern Thailand: The Richest Neogene Assemblage of Carnivora from Southeast Asia and a Paleobiogeographic Analysis of Miocene Asian Carnivorans". American Museum Novitates (3952): 1–57. doi:10.1206/3952.1. S2CID 219296152.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viverridae.

Wikispecies has information related to Viverridae.

"Genet: Wildlife summary". African Wildlife Foundation.
"Viverridae". AnimalDiversity.org. University of Michigan.
"Viverridae". ITIS.gov. Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
Adams, Cecil (May 25, 2001). "Does civet come from tortured cats? Does kopi luwak coffee come from pre-eaten beans?". StraightDope.com.

Extant Carnivora species

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Eutheria
Superorder: Laurasiatheria

Suborder Feliformia

Nandiniidae

Nandinia	African palm civet (N. binotata)

Herpestidae
(Mongooses)

Atilax	Marsh mongoose (A. paludinosus)
Bdeogale	Bushy-tailed mongoose (B. crassicauda) Jackson's mongoose (B. jacksoni) Black-footed mongoose (B. nigripes)
Crossarchus	Alexander's kusimanse (C. alexandri) Angolan kusimanse (C. ansorgei) Common kusimanse (C. obscurus) Flat-headed kusimanse (C. platycephalus)
Cynictis	Yellow mongoose (C. penicillata)
Dologale	Pousargues's mongoose (D. dybowskii)
Helogale	Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (H. hirtula) Common dwarf mongoose (H. parvula)
Herpestes	Angolan slender mongoose (H. flavescens) Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon) Somalian slender mongoose (H. ochracea) Cape gray mongoose (H. pulverulenta) Common slender mongoose (H. sanguinea)
Ichneumia	White-tailed mongoose (I. albicauda)
Liberiictus	Liberian mongoose (L. kuhni)
Mungos	Gambian mongoose (M. gambianus) Banded mongoose (M. mungo)
Paracynictis	Selous's mongoose (P. selousi)
Rhynchogale	Meller's mongoose (R. melleri)
Suricata	Meerkat (S. suricatta)
Urva	Small Indian mongoose (U. auropunctata) Short-tailed mongoose (U. brachyura) Indian grey mongoose (U. edwardsii) Indian brown mongoose (U. fusca) Javan mongoose (U. javanica) Collared mongoose (U. semitorquata) Ruddy mongoose (U. smithii) Crab-eating mongoose (U. urva) Stripe-necked mongoose (U. vitticolla)
Xenogale	Long-nosed mongoose (X. naso)

Hyaenidae
(Hyenas)

Crocuta	Spotted hyena (C. crocuta)
Hyaena	Striped hyena (H. hyaena)
Parahyaena	Brown hyena (P. brunnea)
Proteles	Aardwolf (P. cristata)

Felidae

Large family listed below

Viverridae

Large family listed below

Eupleridae

Small family listed below

Family Felidae

Felinae

Acinonyx	Cheetah (A. jubatus)
Caracal	African golden cat (C. aurata) Caracal (C. caracal)
Catopuma	Bay cat (C. badia) Asian golden cat (C. temminckii)
Felis	Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti) Domestic cat (F. catus) Jungle cat (F. chaus) African wildcat (F. lybica) Sand cat (F. margarita) Black-footed cat (F. nigripes) European wildcat (F. silvestris)
Herpailurus	Jaguarundi (H. yagouaroundi)
Leopardus	Pampas cat (L. colocola) Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi) Kodkod (L. guigna) Southern tiger cat (L. guttulus) Andean mountain cat (L. jacobita) Ocelot (L. pardalis) Oncilla (L. tigrinus) Margay (L. wiedii)
Leptailurus	Serval (L. serval)
Lynx	Canada lynx (L. canadensis) Eurasian lynx (L. lynx) Iberian lynx (L. pardinus) Bobcat (L. rufus)
Otocolobus	Pallas's cat (O. manul)
Pardofelis	Marbled cat (P. marmorata)
Prionailurus	Leopard cat (P. bengalensis) Sunda leopard cat (P. javanensis) Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps) Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus) Fishing cat (P. viverrinus)
Puma	Cougar (P. concolor)

Pantherinae

Panthera	Lion (P. leo) Jaguar (P. onca) Leopard (P. pardus) Tiger (P. tigris) Snow leopard (P. uncia)
Neofelis	Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi) Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa)

Prionodontidae

Prionodon	Banded linsang (P. linsang) Spotted linsang (P. pardicolor)

Family Viverridae

Paradoxurinae

Arctictis	Binturong (A. binturong)
Arctogalidia	Small-toothed palm civet (A. trivirgata)
Macrogalidia	Sulawesi palm civet (M. musschenbroekii)
Paguma	Masked palm civet (P. larvata)
Paradoxurus	Asian palm civet (P. hermaphroditus) Brown palm civet (P. jerdoni) Golden palm civet (P. zeylonensis)

Hemigalinae

Chrotogale	Owston's palm civet (C. owstoni)
Cynogale	Otter civet (C. bennettii)
Diplogale	Hose's palm civet (D. hosei)
Hemigalus	Banded palm civet (H. derbyanus)

Viverrinae

Civettictis	African civet (C. civetta)
Viverra	Malabar large-spotted civet (V. civettina) Large-spotted civet (V. megaspila) Malayan civet (V. tangalunga) Large Indian civet (V. zibetha)
Viverricula	Small Indian civet (V. indica)

Genettinae

Genetta
(Genets)

Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica)
Angolan genet (G. angolensis)
Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni)
Crested servaline genet (G. cristata)
Common genet (G. genetta)
Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni)
Letaba genet (G. letabae)
Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata)
Pardine genet (G. pardina)
Aquatic genet (G. piscivora)
King genet (G. poensis)
Servaline genet (G. servalina)
Hausa genet (G. thierryi)
Cape genet (G. tigrina)
Giant forest genet (G. victoriae)
South African small-spotted genet (G. felina)

Poiana

Central African oyan (P. richardsonii)
West African oyan (P. leightoni)

Family Eupleridae

Euplerinae

Cryptoprocta	Fossa (C. ferox)
Eupleres	Eastern falanouc (E. goudotii) Western falanouc (E. major)
Fossa	Malagasy civet (F. fossana)

Galidiinae

Galidia	Ring-tailed vontsira (G. elegans)
Galidictis	Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (G. fasciata) Grandidier's mongoose (G. grandidieri)
Mungotictis	Narrow-striped mongoose (M. decemlineata)
Salanoia	Brown-tailed mongoose (S. concolor) Durrell's vontsira (S. durrelli)

Suborder Caniformia (cont. below)

Ursidae
(Bears)

Ailuropoda	Giant panda (A. melanoleuca)
Helarctos	Sun bear (H. malayanus)
Melursus	Sloth bear (M. ursinus)
Tremarctos	Spectacled bear (T. ornatus)
Ursus	American black bear (U. americanus) Brown bear (U. arctos) Polar bear (U. maritimus) Asian black bear (U. thibetanus)

Mephitidae
(Skunks)

Conepatus (Hog-nosed skunks)	Molina's hog-nosed skunk (C. chinga) Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (C. humboldtii) American hog-nosed skunk (C. leuconotus) Striped hog-nosed skunk (C. semistriatus)
Mephitis	Hooded skunk (M. macroura) Striped skunk (M. mephitis)
Mydaus	Sunda stink badger (M. javanensis) Palawan stink badger (M. marchei)
Spilogale (Spotted skunks)	Southern spotted skunk (S. angustifrons) Western spotted skunk (S. gracilis) Eastern spotted skunk (S. putorius) Pygmy spotted skunk (S. pygmaea)

Procyonidae
(Raccoons, coatis, olingos)

Bassaricyon (Olingos)	Eastern lowland olingo (B. alleni) Northern olingo (B. gabbii) Western lowland olingo (B. medius) Olinguito (B. neblina)
Bassariscus	Ringtail (B. astutus) Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)
Nasua (Coatis inclusive)	White-nosed coati (N. narica) South American coati (N. nasua)
Nasuella (Coatis inclusive)	Eastern mountain coati (N. meridensis) Western mountain coati (N. olivacea)
Potos	Kinkajou (P. flavus)
Procyon	Crab-eating raccoon (P. cancrivorus) Raccoon (P. lotor) Cozumel raccoon (P. pygmaeus)

Ailuridae

Ailurus	Red panda (A. fulgens)

Suborder Caniformia (cont. above)

Otariidae
(Eared seals)
(includes fur seals
and sea lions)
(Pinniped inclusive)

Arctocephalus	South American fur seal (A. australis) Australasian fur seal (A. forsteri) Galápagos fur seal (A. galapagoensis) Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella) Juan Fernández fur seal (A. philippii) Brown fur seal (A. pusillus) Guadalupe fur seal (A. townsendi) Subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis)
Callorhinus	Northern fur seal (C. ursinus)
Eumetopias	Steller sea lion (E. jubatus)
Neophoca	Australian sea lion (N. cinerea)
Otaria	South American sea lion (O. flavescens)
Phocarctos	New Zealand sea lion (P. hookeri)
Zalophus	California sea lion (Z. californianus) Galápagos sea lion (Z. wollebaeki)

Odobenidae
(Pinniped inclusive)

Odobenus	Walrus (O. rosmarus)

Phocidae
(Earless seals)
(Pinniped inclusive)

Cystophora	Hooded seal (C. cristata)
Erignathus	Bearded seal (E. barbatus)
Halichoerus	Grey seal (H. grypus)
Histriophoca	Ribbon seal (H. fasciata)
Hydrurga	Leopard seal (H. leptonyx)
Leptonychotes	Weddell seal (L. weddellii)
Lobodon	Crabeater seal (L. carcinophagus)
Mirounga (Elephant seals)	Northern elephant seal (M. angustirostris) Southern elephant seal (M. leonina)
Monachus	Mediterranean monk seal (M. monachus)
Neomonachus	Hawaiian monk seal (N. schauinslandi)
Ommatophoca	Ross seal (O. rossi)
Pagophilus	Harp seal (P. groenlandicus)
Phoca	Spotted seal (P. largha) Harbor seal (P. vitulina)
Pusa	Caspian seal (P. caspica) Ringed seal (P. hispida) Baikal seal (P. sibirica)

Canidae

Large family listed below

Mustelidae

Large family listed below

Family Canidae (includes dogs)

Atelocynus	Short-eared dog (A. microtis)
Canis	Golden jackal (C. aureus) Domestic dog (C. familiaris) Coyote (C. latrans) African wolf (C. lupaster) Wolf (C. lupus) Eastern wolf (C. lycaon) Red wolf (C. rufus) Ethiopian wolf (C. simensis)
Cerdocyon	Crab-eating fox (C. thous)
Chrysocyon	Maned wolf (C. brachyurus)
Cuon	Dhole (C. alpinus)
Lupulella	Side-striped jackal (L. adustus) Black-backed jackal (L. mesomelas)
Lycalopex	Culpeo (L. culpaeus) Darwin's fox (L. fulvipes) South American gray fox (L. griseus) Pampas fox (L. gymnocercus) Sechuran fox (L. sechurae) Hoary fox (L. vetulus)
Lycaon	African wild dog (L. pictus)
Nyctereutes	Common raccoon dog (N. procyonoides) Japanese raccoon dog (N. viverrinus)
Otocyon	Bat-eared fox (O. megalotis)
Speothos	Bush dog (S. venaticus)
Urocyon	Gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus) Island fox (U. littoralis)
Vulpes (Foxes)	Bengal fox (V. bengalensis) Blanford's fox (V. cana) Cape fox (V. chama) Corsac fox (V. corsac) Tibetan fox (V. ferrilata) Arctic fox (V. lagopus) Kit fox (V. macrotis) Pale fox (V. pallida) Rüppell's fox (V. rueppelli) Swift fox (V. velox) Red fox (V. vulpes) Fennec fox (V. zerda)

Family Mustelidae

Helictidinae
(Ferret-badgers)

Melogale	Vietnam ferret-badger (M. cucphuongensis) Bornean ferret badger (M. everetti) Chinese ferret-badger (M. moschata) Javan ferret-badger (M. orientalis) Burmese ferret-badger (M. personata) Formosan ferret-badger (M. subaurantiaca)

Guloninae
(Martens and wolverines)

Eira	Tayra (E. barbara)
Gulo	Wolverine (G. gulo)
Martes (Martens)	American marten (M. americana) Pacific marten (M. caurina) Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula) Beech marten (M. foina) Nilgiri marten (M. gwatkinsii) European pine marten (M. martes) Japanese marten (M. melampus) Sable (M. zibellina)
Pekania	Fisher (P. pennanti)

Ictonychinae
(African polecats and grisons)

Galictis	Lesser grison (G. cuja) Greater grison (G. vittata)
Ictonyx	Saharan striped polecat (I. libyca) Striped polecat (I. striatus)
Lyncodon	Patagonian weasel (L. patagonicus)
Poecilogale	African striped weasel (P. albinucha)
Vormela	Marbled polecat (V. peregusna)

Lutrinae
(Otters)

Aonyx	African clawless otter (A. capensis) Asian small-clawed otter (A. cinereus) Congo clawless otter (A. congicus)
Enhydra	Sea otter (E. lutris)
Hydrictis	Spotted-necked otter (H. maculicollis)
Lontra	North American river otter (L. canadensis) Marine otter (L. felina) Neotropical otter (L. longicaudis) Southern river otter (L. provocax)
Lutra	Eurasian otter (L. lutra) Hairy-nosed otter (L. sumatrana)
Lutrogale	Smooth-coated otter (L. perspicillata)
Pteronura	Giant otter (P. brasiliensis)

Melinae
(Eurasian badgers)

Arctonyx	Northern hog badger (A. albogularis) Greater hog badger (A. collaris) Sumatran hog badger (A. hoevenii)
Meles	Japanese badger (M. anakuma) Caucasian badger (M. canescens) Asian badger (M. leucurus) European badger (M. meles)